Injuries and infection caused by capybara bites in a human

Capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris - Linnaeus, 1766) are large rodents, living in groups¹. When cornered or attacked, they defend themselves using their sharp teeth (Figure 1) ².

FIGURE 1:
Capybaras in their natural habitat. These animals can settle in urban and peri-urban areas, increas the risk of contact with human beings. In detail, on the right: image of the incisors.

A 25-year-old female from Balneário Camboriú (Santa Catarina State, Brazil) was bitten on the left thigh and scratched on the left lower leg while trying to rescue her dog from a capybara attack during a walk in a forested area (Figure 2). She was successfully rescued, but the dog died two days later.

FIGURE 2:
Deep laceration on the left thigh of the victim, possibily caused by the incisor teeth of a capybara, and several scratches on left leg are visible.

The victim underwent intensive wound cleaning and suturing; she received analgesia, amoxicillin and clavulanate 2g/day for 10 days, and tetanus and rabies vaccinations. She developed an abscess in the left thigh, which was drained. After 25 days, she had scars ranging between 1 and 8 cm. At the proximal part of the left thigh, there was an approximately2.5 cm ulcer in the process of resolution and a 4.0 cm scar in the distal part of the thigh (Figure 3). Wounds and infections caused by wild animals are becoming common today which highlights the need for microbiological studies of oral flora in wild animals and traumatic structures³.

FIGURE 3:
Areas of trauma due to the bite and scratches immediately after initial care (left) after 14 days, showing dehiscence and secondary infection (center), and after 25 days with a partially healed lesion (right)

REFERENCES

• ¹ Herrera EA. Capybara social behavior and use of space: pattern and processes. In: Moreira JR, Ferraz KMPMB, Herrera EA, MacDonald DW. Capybara: Biology, Use and Conservation of an Exceptional Neotropical Species. New York: Springer, 2013. p. 195-207.
• ² Oliveira Vieira C, Bernardes Filho F, Azulay-Abulafia L. Capybara bites: Report of human injury caused by a Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris J Emerg Med. 2015;49(6):e179-82.
• ³ Haddad Jr V, Campos Neto MF, Mendes AL. Mordeduras de animais (selvagens e domésticos) e humanas. Rev Patol Trop. 2013;42(1):13-9.

Ethics: Clearance from the research ethics committees of the authors' affiliated institutions is not necessary for an isolated case report.

Supported by

Financial Support: The authors declare that they have not received financial support of any kind.

Correspondence

Corresponding author: Vidal Haddad Junior. e-mail:[e-mail]

Author contributions

Authors’ contribution: ALR, LFA, ALR: Approval of the final version of the manuscript; elaboration of the manuscript; collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; and critical review of the literature and manuscript. VHJ: Approval of the final version of the manuscript; conception of the study; elaboration of the manuscript; collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; and critical review of the literature and manuscript.

Conflicts of interest

Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  22 Mar 2021
• Date of issue
  2021

History

• Received
  23 Jan 2021
• Accepted
  11 Feb 2021