This study determined the occurrence of the antibodies anti-Toxoplasma gondii among the Enawenê-Nawê, an indigenous population of Mato Grosso. These inhabit a vast wild area, with rare contacts with non-Indians. They do not keep domestic animals, including cats. Their diet is based on insects, cassava, corn, honey and mushrooms, they do not consume meat, except fish. Based on the above, serologic tests ELISA - IgG and indirect fluorescent antibody test for IgG/IgM were performed. From 148 samples, 80.4% positive for IgG by ELISA or indirect fluorescent antibody test. No IgM reagent cases were detected. In that group the seropositivity rates increased significantly with age from 50% to 95%. Having analyzed their customs and habits, together with the high seropositivity found, it is suggested that the presence of wild felines in the vicinity of the village and areas where water collects could play an important role as an infection source, contaminating soil and consequently insects and mushrooms consumed by the Indians.
Indigenous populations; Epidemiology; Toxoplasmosis
