A proposal for the use of standardized abbreviations for the genera of triatomine bugs (Reduviidae: Triatominae) across the World

Dear Editor:

One-letter abbreviations are often, but not mandatorily, used for the names of animal genera. This leads to difficulties in those publications where several genera with the same initial letter are described. Proper use of abbreviations is recommended by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, Chapter 7, Article 25, Recommendation 25A, 1999). Two-letter abbreviations for the genera of Phlebotominae¹, Ixodidae², and Culicidae³ have been proposed and widely used by many experts.

Because triatomine bugs, with 151 valid species⁴, are distributed in at least 17 genera, their initials might be the same; for example, for Panstrongylus, Parabelminus, and Paratriatoma, the abbreviation would be “P.” and for Belminus and Bolbodera, it would be “B.” Thus, it would be useful to have two-letter abbreviations for this group. “Pa.” was used for Paratriatoma⁴, first cited between brackets, although this usage was not defined previously in literature.

The following abbreviations are proposed for the genera of Triatominae: Alberprosenia Martínez and Carcavallo, 1977, Al.; Belminus Stål, 1859, Be.; Bolbodera, Bo.;Valdés, 1910, Cavernicola, Ca.; Barber, 1937, Dipetalogaster Usinger, 1939, Di.; Eratyrus Stål, 1859, Er.; Hermanlentia Jurberg and Galvão, 1997, He.; Linschcosteus Distant, 1904, Li.; Meccus Stål, 1859, Mu.; Mepraia Mazza, Gajardo and Jorg, 1940, Me.; Microtriatoma Prosen and Martínez, 1952, Mi.; Nesotriatoma Usinger, 1944, Ne.; Panstrongylus Berg, 1879, Pn.; Paratriatoma Barber, 1938, Pt.; Parabelminus Lent, 1943, Pb.; Psammolestes Bergroth, 1911, Ps.; Rhodnius Stål, 1859, Rh.; and Triatoma Laporte, 1832, Tr. The second letters in the abbreviations were chosen with the consideration that they were not same as those present in the abbreviations of other genera with the same letter as the first initial.

The validity of Mepraia as a genus has been controversial. Created to accommodate Me. spinolai, a triatomine bug with alar polymorphism, it was included in Triatoma, but was validated again^5,6, and its reinclusion in Triatoma⁴ was recently proposed.

The genus Meccus was synonymized to Triatoma⁷ and revalidated, because of its exaggerated size, compared to Triatoma, great width of conexivum, and differences in the structure and shape of testicles⁸. This revalidation was corroborated by molecular analysis⁹, but the genus was again considered as non-valid⁴.

The revalidation of Nesotriatoma as a genus⁹, and its inclusion as a subgenus of Triatoma, was proposed⁴. If the last proposal accepted, the three-letter abbreviation for the name of this is proposed to be “Nes.”, as described in previous studies^1-3.

The presence of numerous monotypic genera and the need for careful evolutionary analysis warrant meticulous studies on population structure and genetic flux¹⁰. Considering the current controversies on the phylogeny of subfamilies, new abbreviations, as described above for the mentioned genera, may be used by workers who prefer to accept the genus status.

Because of the low probability of reference to both Culicidae and Phlebotominae in the same publication, no precaution, with respect to the use of similar abbreviations, is necessary, as exemplified in a previous study¹. For Culicidae, only Limatus (Li.), Psorophora (Ps.), and Trichoprosopon (Tr.), would have similar abbreviations³; these genera occur in the American continent, where most species of Triatominae are found. For Phlebotominae¹, such coincidence occurs only for Hertigia (He.), Micropygomyia (Mi.), Phlebotomites (extinct) (Pt.), and Psychodopygus (Ps.).

Thus, we propose that the judicious and consistent use of abbreviations for the names of genera to avoid ambiguity in the literature.

REFERENCES

• ¹
  Marcondes CB. A proposal of generic and subgeneric abbreviations for Phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) of the world. Entomol News 2007;118(4):351-6.
• ²
  Dantas-Torres F. Towards the standardization of the abbreviations of genus names of ticks (Acari: Parasitiformes: Ixodida). Vet Paras 2008;154(1-2):94-7.
• ³
  Reinert JF. List of abbreviations for currently valid generic-level taxa in family Culicidae (Diptera). Eur Mosquito Bull. 2009;27:68-76.
• ⁴
  Justi SA, Galvão C. The evolutionary origin of diversity in Chagas disease vectors. Trends Parasit. 2017;33(1):42-51.
• ⁵
  Justi SA, Russo CAM, Mallet JRS, Obara MT, Galvão C. Molecular phylogeny of Triatomini (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae). Parasit Vectors. 2014;7:149.
• ⁶
  Lent H, Jurberg J, Galvão C. Revalidação do gênero Mepraia Mazza, Gajardo & Jörg, 1940 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae). Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 1994;89(3):347-52.
• ⁷
  Pinto C. Classification de genres d’hemiptères de la famille Triatomidae (Reduvidioidea). Bol Biol 1927;8:103-114.
• ⁸
  Carcavallo RU, Jurberg J, Lent H, Noireau F, Galvão C. Phylogeny of the Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Proposals for taxonomic arrangements. Entomol Vect 2000;7(Supl 1):1-99.
• ⁹
  Hypša V, Tietz DF, Zrzavý J, Rego ROM, Galvão C, Jurberg J. Phylogeny and biogeography of Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae): molecular evidence of a New World origin of the Asiatic clade. Molec Phylogen Evol. 2002;23(3):447-57.
• ¹⁰
  Dujardin JP, Costa J, Bustamante D, Jaramillo N, Catalá S. Deciphering morphology in Triatominae: the evolutionary signals. Acta Trop. 2009;110(2-3):101-11.

Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  Nov-Dec 2017

History

• Received
  31 Aug 2017
• Accepted
  06 Dec 2017