Household outbreak of sporotrichosis: towards the One Health approach

Although sporotrichosis requires a broad approach for control, few reports have described the relationship between the index case and secondary contacts. In the present work, we report an outbreak involving a woman, a dog, and two cats from the same household environment, including the clinical and epidemiological aspects and outcomes, and discuss the importance of a One Health approach to face this neglected disease. The joint efforts of professionals such as veterinarians and physicians are essential for early diagnosis and surveillance, which contributes to the rapid identification and control of zoonotic sporotrichosis outbreaks.

Keywords:
Contact tracing; Cat; Epidemiology

Authorship

Elisa Helena Paz Andrade

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Tecnologia e Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBrasilBelo Horizonte, MG, Brasil Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Tecnologia e Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2170-4272

Camila Valgas Bastos

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBrasilBelo Horizonte, MG, Brasil Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2607-8100

Afonso Vieira da Silva

Centro Animal Céu Azul, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Centro Animal Céu AzulBrasilBelo Horizonte, MG, Brasil Centro Animal Céu Azul, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2900-7938

Simone Magela Moreira

Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Bambuí, MG, Brasil.Instituto Federal de Minas GeraisBrasilBambuí, MG, Brasil Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Bambuí, MG, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4923-7845

Taiza Gonçalves de Araújo Costa

Prefeitura Municipal de Contagem, Contagem, MG, Brasil.Prefeitura Municipal de ContagemBrasilContagem, MG, Brasil Prefeitura Municipal de Contagem, Contagem, MG, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9483-4676

Lauranne Alves Salvato

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8022-2134

Salene Angelini Colombo

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2378-8649

Camila Stefanie Fonseca de Oliveira

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5557-7267

Danielle Ferreira de Magalhães Soares

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4030-6832

Kelly Moura Keller

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2882-512X

Maria Isabel de Azevedo

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6886-0221

Corresponding author: Elisa Helena Paz Andrade. e-mail:elisahpandrade@yahoo.com.br

Authors' contribution: All authors contributed to the conception and design of the study. EHPA, CVB: Acquisition and interpretation of data, Drafting the article; AVS: Analysis and interpretation of data; SMM: Interpretation of data, Drafting the article; TGAC: Acquisition of data; LAS, SAC, KMK: Analysis and interpretation of data; CSFO, DFMS: Critical revision of the manuscript; MIA: Acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data, Drafting the article; All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.

Conflict of interest: We have no conflict of interest to declare.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Centro Animal Céu Azul, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Centro Animal Céu AzulBrasilBelo Horizonte, MG, Brasil Centro Animal Céu Azul, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.

Prefeitura Municipal de Contagem, Contagem, MG, Brasil.Prefeitura Municipal de ContagemBrasilContagem, MG, Brasil Prefeitura Municipal de Contagem, Contagem, MG, Brasil.

Figures

Figures (3)

Thumbnail

FIGURE 1:
Lymphocutaneous form of sporotrichosis manifested by a previously healthy 37-year-old woman after a cat scratch. The skin lesions started at the right hand (site of trauma) as well-defined red and swollen areas, with the aspect of a pimple (A), and then spread to other parts of the body, including the right forearm (B), left shoulder (C), and left foot (D).

Thumbnail

FIGURE 2:
Skin lesions, sample collection, and results obtained from the second cat and dog. (A) The skin lesions on the muzzle and lower medial border of the left eye are indicated by arrows. (B) Cytology of the cat’s skin lesion imprint stained with panoptic kit and viewed using a microscope showing the presence of yeast forms. (D) The dog’s skin lesions were characterized as ulcerated and crusted areas of alopecia on the head (indicated by arrows), of which one was chosen for sample collection with a sterile swab for fungal culture. (C and E) Growth of Sporothrix spp. in the fungal culture from skin lesions of the cat and dog, respectively.

Thumbnail

FIGURE 3:
Timeline of the main events involving the transmission, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of the owner and animals with sporotrichosis in the same household environment.

FIGURE 1: Lymphocutaneous form of sporotrichosis manifested by a previously healthy 37-year-old woman after a cat scratch. The skin lesions started at the right hand (site of trauma) as well-defined red and swollen areas, with the aspect of a pimple (A), and then spread to other parts of the body, including the right forearm (B), left shoulder (C), and left foot (D).

FIGURE 2: Skin lesions, sample collection, and results obtained from the second cat and dog. (A) The skin lesions on the muzzle and lower medial border of the left eye are indicated by arrows. (B) Cytology of the cat’s skin lesion imprint stained with panoptic kit and viewed using a microscope showing the presence of yeast forms. (D) The dog’s skin lesions were characterized as ulcerated and crusted areas of alopecia on the head (indicated by arrows), of which one was chosen for sample collection with a sterile swab for fungal culture. (C and E) Growth of Sporothrix spp. in the fungal culture from skin lesions of the cat and dog, respectively.

FIGURE 3: Timeline of the main events involving the transmission, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of the owner and animals with sporotrichosis in the same household environment.

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Household outbreak of sporotrichosis: towards the One Health approach

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[1] Corresponding author: Elisa Helena Paz Andrade. e-mail:elisahpandrade@yahoo.com.br