STUDIES ON SOME SPECIES OF CULEX ( MELANOCONION ) , WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW ONE FROM SOUTHERN BRAZIL ( DIPTERA : CULICIDAE ) *

Redescription of Culex (Melanoconion) oedipus Root and of Cx. (Mel.) plectoporpe Root, as well as the description of a new one, named Cx. (Mel.) rabelloi, are made. The material was collected in S.Paulo State, Southern Brazil. The descriptions include adults, pupal and larval stages, illustrating the morphological aspects and with pictures of breeding places. Some data about known distribution and bionomics are presented, remarking that all the three species seem to be closely associated with artificial manmade enviroments. UNITERMS: Culex (Melanoconion) oedipus. Culex (Melanoconion) plectoporpe. Culex (Melanoconion) rabelloi. Culex (Melanoconion) phlogistus. Culex (Melanoconion) albinensis. Insect vectors. Ecology, vectors. * Supported by Grant MVR-BR-2-83-6 National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA ** Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of S.Paulo Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 01255 São Paulo, SP Brazil. INTRODUCTION In the sequence of studies on mosquitoes of the Ribeira Valley and of other regions of S.Paulo State, Brazil, several species of Culex (Melanoconion) were being remarkably obtained by the collections made. Among these were identified Culex oedipus Root and Cx. plectoporpe Root as well as another, hitherto considered as Culex albinensis Bonne-Wepster and Bonne, as a conseqence of more detailed studies proved to be really an undescribed species. Very few data are available for a better knowledge of these species. From the bionomic point of view all three showed a well-marked preference for association with artificial manmade environments, showing this a significant adaptation capacity and so a good level of ecological valency. Therefore, we take this opportunity to fully redescribe Cx. oedipus and Cx. plectoporpe, and also to describe and name the new species. For the descriptions the terminology utilized was that of Harbach and Knight (1980), and the general outline followed those of Harbach and col. (1984). As only larval exuviae were available, the descriptions were represented by semi-schematics drawings of these stages. Culex (Melanoconion) oedipus Root Culex (Choeroporpa) oedipus Root, 1927: 588 (male). Type-locality: Magé, Sant'Anna, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Culex (Melanoconion) oedipus of Rozeboom and Komp, 1950: 94 (resurrected from synonymy with phlogistus); Lane, 1953: 446; Duret, 1954: 117 (1 male, Ciervo Petizo, Presidente Perón [Chaco], Argentina); Garcia and Casal, 1965: 9 (1 male, Canal 6 y Paraná de las Palmas, Argentina); Sirivanakarn and Jakob, 1981: 198 (1 male, San Justo, Santa Fé, Argentina). Adult. A small dark brownish species. FEMALE. Body dark almost entirely clothed by mainly dark scales. Head. Antenna dark, mean length 1.64 mm; flagellum whorls with 6 setae. Proboscis completely covered by dark scales, length 1.4-1.6 mm, mean 1.5 mm. Maxillary palpus entirely dark, length 0.2 0.3 mm, mean 0.25 mm, about 0.2 of the proboscis length. Vertex (Fig. 2F, male) with grayish appressed spatulate scales on dorsum, paler scales laterally, forked scales dark, with few falcate whitish ones along occipital region; ocular and interocular setae lengthy dark, lightly golden sheen. Cibarial armature. (Fig. 2A, B and Fig. 4CA, Ct). Gutther-shaped, dorsal surface pronouncedly arched. Cibarial bar developed, large, 0.75 distal quitinized, 0.25 proximal hyaline, strongly concave, with about 10-12 cibarial teeth with sizes gradually smaller in lateral direction where they became visible on lateral profile even though something deformed by the usual preparation techniques for common microscopy; cibarial teeth fold shaped like pan tiles, borne on transverse bar, anteriorly bearing large spatulate hyaline rod posteriorly serrated along margin that bears lateral small thorn-shaped prominences one at each side, dorsally each connected by transversal bridges; dorsal surface of cibarial bar basal to cibarial teeth line with many separated prickles decreasing in size toward base of this surface. Cibarial dome nearly circular, concave cap entirely built by superficial sharp pointed denticles. Thorax. Integument with tonality variable from clear to dark brown. Scutum covered by small narrow curved scales, with variable tone from dark chestnut brown to almost black, always bronzy sheen; scutal setae developed, dark brown with golden or reddish shining; acrostichal setae absent. Scutellar scales like scutal ones; lateral scutellar lobes with 3,4 lengthy setae each, medium scutellar lobe with 4-6 lengthy setae. Antepronotum without scales, with scattered dark setae. Postpronotum with scales like scutal ones; posterodorsal margin with 3-4 long dark setae. Pleural integument with similar tonality or little paler than scutum; pleural setae golden of dark chestnut brownish, almost black on the prealar knob; pleural setae 3-5 superior proepisternal, 4,5 prealar, 6-10 superior mesokatepisternal, 5-9 inferior mesokatepisternal, 4-9 superior mesepimeral and 1 or occasionally 2 inferior mesepimeral. Pleura with small patch of pale spatulate scales on posteroinferior margin of mesokatepistemum, occasionally with 2,3 pale scales near superior mesepimeral setae (Fig. 2E). Wing. (Figs. 2C, D) Length 2.1 2.6 mm, mean 2.41 mm; scales dark; cell R2 nearly 3.5 of R2 + 3; cell M1 nearly 0.7 of cell R 2 ; subcosta reaching costa at level of R2 + 3 furcation. Dorsal scaling: appressed spatulate scales on costa, subcosta, R, R1, R4 + 5, distal 0.6 of M1, M2 , M3 + 4, mcu, CuA and 1A; linear plume scales on Rs, R2 + 3, M, M1 + 2 and proximal 0.4 of M l ; inclined narrow spatulate scales on R2 and R3; remigium with appressed spatulate scales and 2,3 distal strong setae. Ventral scaling: appressed spatulate scales on costa, subcosta, Rs, R2 + 3, M, M1 + 2 and proximal 0.4 of M1 ; linear plume scales on proximal 0.5 of R1, proximal 0.5 of R4 + 5, M3 + 4, mcu, CuA distal to mcu and in middle of 1 A; inclined, narrow spatulate scales on distal 0.5 of R1, R2 , R3, distal 0.5 of R4+5, distal 0.6 of M1, M2 , and distally on 1A; CuA before mcu and proximal 0.5 of 1A devoid of scales. Halter. — Scabellum, ventral and anterodorsal parts of pedicel, pale; capitellum and posterior extremity of pedicel dorsal part, dark. Legs. Anterior surface of forecoxa dark-scaled; anterior surfaces of mid and hindcoxae with longitudinal patch of pale scales. Antero-and posteroventral surfaces of foretrochanter dark-scaled; midtrochanter with anteroventral surface dark-scaled, sometimes palescaled, posteroventral surface pale-scaled; hindtrochanter with antero-and posteroventral surfaces pale-scaled. Fore-and midfemora almost entirely covered with dark scales, posterior surface of forefemur with longitudinal indistinct patch of pale scales, posteroventral of midfemur with some yellowish scales; hindfemur with dorsal line of dark scales distally widening and expanding on anterior and posterior aspects of apex. Tibiae and tarsi entirely dark-scaled. Abdomen. — Tergum I with distinct median posterior patch of dark scales; terga II-VII dark-scaled, with basolateral patches of pale scales; tergum VIII dark-scaled. Sterna II-VII with wide basal pale band; sternum VIII without scales or with small lateral patches of pale scales. Genitalia. (Fig. 3) Tergum IX narrow, posterolateral margin widened and with about 3 lengthy setae on each side. Upper vaginal sclerite as an inverted, U-shaped, well sclerotized. Postgenital lobe trapezoidal, distally widened, bearing about 10 slender setae on either midline side, mostly on ventral surface. Upper vaginal lip narrow, distinct; insula indistinct, with cluster of about 12 insular setae. MALE. Like female except for sexual differences presented as follow (Fig. 2F). Head. Antenna strongly plumose, length about 1.6 mm. Proboscis entirely dark. Maxillary palpus dark, length about 2.1 mm, exceeding proboscis tip by apical 0.5 of palpomere 4 and all palpomere 5;palpomeres 4 and 5 entirely covered with strong setae; palpomere 3 with 3-6 strong apical setae. Abdomen. Tergum II entirely dark or with few basolateral pale scales; terga III and VII with small basolateral pale-scaled patches; terga IV-VI with basolateral pale-scaled patches that may join forming basal band of variable width; tergum VIII (ventral in position) with deep V-shaped median posterior emargination, bearing numerous long strong setae mixed with shorter slender setae (Fig. 3);Genitalia. (Fig. 3). Tergum IX lobes columnar shaped, well separated basally and slightly convergent apically, roundly or rectangularly outlined, and bearing slender scattered setae. Gonocoxite stocky obovoid shaped, outer margin convex, inner moderately concave; ventrolateral surface with dark strongly developed setae, mesal surface with several indistinct rows of small setae extending from base to level of subapical lobe; lateral surface with setal patch (1sp) constituted by 5-17 short slender setae at apical region corresponding to level of subapical lobe; proximal part of ventrolateral surface with scales; subapical lobe clearly divided, divisions distinctly separated; proximal division subdivided in to 2 almost parallel arms, basal shorter, distal longer, thickish and apically enlarged, each with 1 long apical sinuous seta (a and b setae); distal division with 8 setae, 1 long hooked seta (h), 1 short and 1 long saberlike setae (s), 1 slender seta (7), and 4 narrow appressed flat setae slightly different in length ( f ) and disposed as pages of book. Gonostylus slender, curved, moderate distally widened, crest slightly wrinkled on ventral surface before apical snout; gonostylar claw short, leaf-like, apically broadest. Phallosome with lateral plate and aedeagal sclerite equivalent in length; aedeagal sclerite narrow and curved, anterior margin thickened and sclerotized, dorsal end united to base of lateral plate; distal end of lateral plate with apical, lateral and ventral processes, apical one large quadrangular shaped with apical margin dentate with some 


INTRODUCTION
In the sequence of studies on mosquitoes of the Ribeira Valley and of other regions of S.Paulo State, Brazil, several species of Culex (Melanoconion) were being remarkably obtained by the collections made.Among these were identified Culex oedipus Root and Cx.plectoporpe Root as well as another, hitherto considered as Culex albinensis Bonne-Wepster and Bonne, as a conseqence of more detailed studies proved to be really an undescribed species.
Very few data are available for a better knowledge of these species.From the bionomic point of view all three showed a well-marked preference for association with artificial manmade environments, showing this a significant adaptation capacity and so a good level of ecological valency.Therefore, we take this opportunity to fully redescribe Cx. oedipus and Cx.plectoporpe, and also to describe and name the new species.
For the descriptions the terminology utilized was that of Harbach and Knight (1980), and the general outline followed those of Harbach and col. (1984).As only larval exuviae were available, the descriptions were represented by semi-schematics drawings of these stages.
Adult.-A small dark brownish species.FEMALE.-Body dark almost entirely clothed by mainly dark scales.Head.-Antenna dark, mean length 1.64 mm; flagellum whorls with 6 setae.Proboscis completely covered by dark scales, length 1.4-1.6 mm, mean 1.5 mm.Maxillary palpus entirely dark, length 0.2 -0.3 mm, mean 0.25 mm, about 0.2 of the proboscis length.Vertex (Fig. 2F, male) with grayish appressed spatulate scales on dorsum, paler scales laterally, forked scales dark, with few falcate whitish ones along occipital region; ocular and interocular setae lengthy dark, lightly golden sheen.Cibarial armature.(Fig. 2A,B and Fig. 4CA,Ct).-Gutther-shaped, dorsal surface pronouncedly arched.Cibarial bar developed, large, 0.75 distal quitinized, 0.25 proximal hyaline, strongly concave, with about 10-12 cibarial teeth with sizes gradually smaller in lateral direction where they became visible on lateral profile even though something deformed by the usual preparation techniques for common microscopy; cibarial teeth fold shaped like pan tiles, borne on transverse bar, anteriorly bearing large spatulate hyaline rod posteriorly serrated along margin that bears lateral small thorn-shaped prominences one at each side, dorsally each connected by transversal bridges; dorsal surface of cibarial bar basal to cibarial teeth line with many separated prickles decreasing in size toward base of this surface.Cibarial dome nearly circular, concave cap entirely built by superficial sharp pointed denticles.Thorax.-Integument with tonality variable from clear to dark brown.Scutum covered by small narrow curved scales, with variable tone from dark chestnut brown to almost black, always bronzy sheen; scutal setae developed, dark brown with golden or reddish shining; acrostichal setae absent.Scutellar scales like scutal ones; lateral scutellar lobes with 3,4 lengthy setae each, medium scutellar lobe with 4-6 lengthy setae.Antepronotum without scales, with scattered dark setae.Postpronotum with scales like scutal ones; posterodorsal margin with 3-4 long dark setae.Pleural integument with similar tonality or little paler than scutum; pleural setae golden of dark chestnut brownish, almost black on the prealar knob; pleural setae 3-5 superior proepisternal, 4,5 prealar, 6-10 superior mesokatepisternal, 5-9 inferior mesokatepisternal, 4-9 superior mesepimeral and 1 or occasionally 2 inferior mesepimeral.Pleura with small patch of pale spatulate scales on posteroinferior margin of mesokatepistemum, occasionally with 2,3 pale scales near superior mesepimeral setae (Fig. 2E).Wing.(Figs. 2C, D) -Length 2.1 -2.6 mm, mean 2.41 mm; scales dark; cell R 2 nearly 3.5 of R 2 + 3 ; cell M 1 nearly 0.7 of cell R 2 ; subcosta reaching costa at level of R 2 + 3 furcation.Dorsal scaling: appressed spatulate scales on costa, subcosta, R, R 1 , R 4 + 5 , distal 0.6 of M 1 , M 2 , M 3 + 4 , mcu, CuA and 1A; linear plume scales on R s , R 2 + 3 , M, M 1 + 2 and proximal 0.4 of M l ; inclined narrow spatulate scales on R 2 and R 3 ; remigium with appressed spatulate scales and 2,3 distal strong setae.Ventral scaling: appressed spatulate scales on costa, subcosta, R s , R 2 + 3 , M, M 1 + 2 and proximal 0.4 of M 1 ; linear plume scales on proximal 0.5 of R 1 , proximal 0.5 of R 4 + 5 , M 3 + 4 , mcu, CuA distal to mcu and in middle of 1 A; inclined, narrow spatulate scales on distal 0.5 of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , distal 0.5 of R 4+5 , distal 0.6 of M 1 , M 2 , and distally on 1A; CuA before mcu and proximal 0.5 of 1A devoid of scales.Halter.-Scabellum, ventral and anterodorsal parts of pedicel, pale; capitellum and posterior extremity of pedicel dorsal part, dark.Legs.-Anterior surface of forecoxa dark-scaled; anterior surfaces of mid and hindcoxae with longitudinal patch of pale scales.Antero-and posteroventral surfaces of foretrochanter dark-scaled; midtrochanter with anteroventral surface dark-scaled, sometimes palescaled, posteroventral surface pale-scaled; hindtrochanter with antero-and posteroventral surfaces pale-scaled.Fore-and midfemora almost entirely covered with dark scales, posterior surface of forefemur with longitudinal indistinct patch of pale scales, posteroventral of midfemur with some yellowish scales; hindfemur with dorsal line of dark scales distally widening and expanding on anterior and posterior aspects of apex.Tibiae and tarsi entirely dark-scaled.Abdomen.-Tergum I with distinct median posterior patch of dark scales; terga II-VII dark-scaled, with basolateral patches of pale scales; tergum VIII dark-scaled.Sterna II-VII with wide basal pale band; sternum VIII without scales or with small lateral patches of pale scales.Genitalia.(Fig. 3) -Tergum IX narrow, posterolateral margin widened and with about 3 lengthy setae on each side.Upper vaginal sclerite as an inverted, U-shaped, well sclerotized.Postgenital lobe trapezoidal, distally widened, bearing about 10 slender setae on either midline side, mostly on ventral surface.Upper vaginal lip narrow, distinct; insula indistinct, with cluster of about 12 insular setae.
MALE. -Like female except for sexual differences presented as follow (Fig. 2F).Head.
-Tergum II entirely dark or with few basolateral pale scales; terga III and VII with small basolateral pale-scaled patches; terga IV-VI with basolateral pale-scaled patches that may join forming basal band of variable width; tergum VIII (ventral in position) with deep V-shaped median posterior emargination, bearing numerous long strong setae mixed with shorter slender setae (Fig. 3);Genitalia.(Fig. 3).
-Tergum IX lobes columnar shaped, well separated basally and slightly convergent apically, roundly or rectangularly outlined, and bearing slender scattered setae.Gonocoxite stocky obovoid shaped, outer margin convex, inner moderately concave; ventrolateral surface with dark strongly developed setae, mesal surface with several indistinct rows of small setae extending from base to level of subapical lobe; lateral surface with setal patch (1sp) constituted by 5-17 short slender setae at apical region corresponding to level of subapical lobe; proximal part of ventrolateral surface with scales; subapical lobe clearly divided, divisions distinctly separated; proximal division subdivided in to 2 almost parallel arms, basal shorter, distal longer, thickish and apically enlarged, each with 1 long apical sinuous seta (a and b setae); distal division with 8 setae, 1 long hooked seta (h), 1 short and 1 long saberlike setae (s), 1 slender seta (7), and 4 narrow appressed flat setae slightly different in length (f) and disposed as pages of book.Gonostylus slender, curved, moderate distally widened, crest slightly wrinkled on ventral surface before apical snout; gonostylar claw short, leaf-like, apically broadest.Phallosome with lateral plate and aedeagal sclerite equivalent in length; aedeagal sclerite narrow and curved, anterior margin thickened and sclerotized, dorsal end united to base of lateral plate; distal end of lateral plate with apical, lateral and ventral processes, apical one large quadrangular shaped with apical margin dentate with some small teeth on process surface too, lateral process lengthy, slender, tapered, pointed and dorsolaterally directed, ventral process short, blunt and laterally curved; base of lateral plate with dorsal process stout and basally continuous with thickened margin of aedeagal sclerite; aedeagal sclerites not connected by dorsal aedeagal bridge.Proctiger elongate; paraproct distally narrowed, basally expanded at point of articulation with basal plate and posterolateral margin of the tergum X, crown with nearly 12 short, rectangular simple blades; cereal sclerite narrow, lightly sclerotized; 2-3 very small cereal setae; tergum X somewhat rectangular, concave-convex, dorsal surface concave.
-Diffusively pigmented in female, darker in male; length about 0.1 mm in female, 0.3 mm in male.
The species was predominantly found in modified manmade environments, represented by artificially open lands (Fig. 1A).Breeding places were found in these situations, associated with grown land vegetation, mainly grasses and hydrophyte or aquatic plants (Fig. 1B, C, D and E).In these places, immature stages were found in biotic sympatry with Cx. plectoporpe and Cx.rabelloi.Besides this it will be significant to mark the collection of this mosquito inside small village and urban areas of the region.
DISCUSSION. -Culex oedipus was described by Root (1927), was put in the synonymy of Cx. phlogistus by Dyar (1928), and resurrected by Rozeboom and Komp (1950).The male was redescribed by Duret (1954) and the pupa was described by Garcia and Casal (1965).Based on adult morphology and male genitalia characters, the species was put in the Inhibitator Group (Subgroup Inhibitator), of the Melanoconion Section, by Sirivanakarn (1982) following his own scheme of internal classification of the New World subgenus Melanoconion.
Nevertheless, using pupa characters, Cx. oedipus should be included in the Trifidus Group, once that pupal seta 9-VII has 2,3 branches and not at least 4 branches as in Inhibitator Group; seta 6-III-VI usually has 4 branches (3-5), while there are usually 2,3 in the Inhibitator Group, besides this, seta 3-II-III is usually double (1-3) while it is usually single, in that Group; finally it is remarkable that seta 5-V of Cx. oedipus has 6-9 branches, while in the Inhibitator Group there are only 4-6 branches.Through larval characters, there are some difficulties for the Cx.oedipus identification, because seta 2-VIII is usually single, which under the Sirivanakarn (1982) scheme is characteristic of the Peccator Group, despite the siphon/saddle index that is more than 3.0.
In any case, Cx. oedipus can be identified easily by characteristic aspects of the male genitalia and the female cibarial armature.The former shows the distal arm of the proximal division of subapical lobe (pSL) with a pronounced enlarged apex where the hooked sinuous seta b is inserted.The cibarial armature of the female presents about 10-12 fold-shaped cibarial teeth each connected by transverse bridges, and serrated along the margin laterally with small thorn shaped prominences.Besides this, the dorsal surface of cibarial bar (CiB) shows many small separated prickles.Besides this, pupal seta 9-VII is double or triple and the 9-VIII is 3-5 branched and aciculate.Larva seta 4-P is single, 13-III-V fanlike and similar to 1-III-V, and 1-S is at the utmost 2.5 the length of the siphon width at point of insertion.
DISTRIBUTION AND BIONOMICS.-Data of the Catalog of Knight and Stone (1977) indicate this species has a very large geographical distribution, spreading from the North to the Southern end of the South American Continent, including Brazil, French Guiana and Panama.However, the close resemblance with Cx. phlogistus may have given rise to some misidentifications.So, as is presented in the discussion later on, it seems that Cx. plectoporpe is widespread primarily in the Southern region of South America, the records available including several localities in Argentina and Southeastern Brazil (Lane, 1953, Oliveira, 1984, Mitchell and Darsie, 1985).The Tropical Atlantic System seems to represent the main biogeographical area of this mosquito.
The species was found breeding mainly in ground water in manmade environments, following the modifications of the primitive environment.So artificially opened lands seem to be preferred by Cx. plectoporpe (Fig. 1A).Breeding places in these situations are represented by artificial ditches, ponds and even small pools on open terrain, all of them associated with land vegetation such as molasses grass (Fig. 1C, D, E and F).In these places, immature stages were found in biotic sympatry with Cx. oedipus and Cx.rabelloi.Adults were collected near human settlements, sometimes indoors.Thus, the mosquito was found inside villages in urban areas of the region studied.
DISCUSSION. -Culex plectoporpe was described by Root (1927), put in the synonymy of Cx. phlogistus by Fauran (1961), and was resurrected by Clastrier (1970).This complex problem started when Senevet and Abonnenc (1939) described the larval stage from one male of Cayenne, French Guyana, identified by them as Cx.plectoporpe.More recently Fauran (1961) on studying this material, considered the distal lapel-shaped fold of gonostylus (Fig. 7) a mounting artifice, and that this species should be a synonym of Cx. phlogistus which does not have this character.This mistake was cleared up by Clastrier (1970).Thus, the material of Senevet and Abonnenc (1939) probably belongs to Cx. phlogistus, as can be observed by the drawings representing of the male genitalia published in this paper.For this reason, the references to immature stages based on that description for Cx.plectoporpe, probably do not belong to this species (Lane, 1953, Foote, 1954, Darsie, 1985).Besides, adult records from Central America (Panama), North of South America and the Amazon region merit a more detailed study (Komp, 1935, Heinemann andBelkin, 1979).
The distinction between the male genitalia of Cx. plectoporpe and Cx.phlogistus may be made easily by comparing the gonostylus (Gs), flat setae (f), of the distal division of the subapical lobe (dSL), lateral plate (LP) of aedeagus, and the IX-tergum (Figs. 7 and 8).The gonostyli (Gs) are different in shape, with the distal portion stouter in phlogistus, and with a small lateral lapel-shaped fold in plectoporpe that is lacking in phlogistus.The three f setae of dSL are hooked at the tip in plectoporpe, and blunt at the tip in phlogistus.The apical process of LP is nearly of rectangular or quadrangulate in plectoporpe, while it is trapezoidal or even fanlike in phlogistus.Finally, the IX-tergum has a larger hairless tip area in phlogistus than in plectoporpe.
Besides the characters described above, Cx. plectoporpe may be identified as follows.In the female the cibarial armature has about 5-6 fold shaped teeth with the bridges, connected to each other very small; the dorsal surface of cibarial bar (CiB) is narrow and without prickles.The pupal setae 9-VII-VIII are strong and smooth, developed, single or double.The larval seta 4-P is double; the 1-M and 3-M setae are equivalent in length and well developed; setae 1-III-V and 13-III-V are fanlike and equivalent in length.Besides this, the length of 1-S is at most 2.4 the width of the siphon at the point of insertion.
Based on adult morphology and male genitalia characters Cx. plectoporpe was put in the Inhibitator Group (Subgroup Inhibitator) of the Melanoconion Section of Sirivanakarn (1982).However, as far is known, larval seta 4-P is single in that Group while it is double in this species.
Adult.-A small species closely resembling Culex albinensis, but differing in details of the male genitalia, female cibarial armature, and some others details related to pupa and larva.
MALE. -Like female except for sexual differences presented as follows (Fig. 11F).Head.
The breeding places were found mainly in ground waters in manmade environments, represented by open lands as a consequence of the modifications of the primitive environment (Fig. 1A).Artificial ditches and ponds, and small streamlets in secondary woods (Fig. 1B, D, E), all with densely growing vegetation.Immature stages were found in association with Cx. oedipus, Cx. plectoporpe and Cx.ribeirensis.Adults were collected in human settlements, sometimes in domiciliary environments.So Cx. rabelloi is found frequently inside villages and urban areas of the region studied.