Would the Brazilian population support the alcohol policies recommended by the World Health Organization?

De Boni, Raquel B.; Mota, Jurema C.; Coutinho, Carolina; Bastos, Francisco I.

doi:10.11606/s1518-8787.2022056004093

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Original Article • Rev. Saúde Pública 56 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2022056004093 copy

Would the Brazilian population support the alcohol policies recommended by the World Health Organization?

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the support of the Brazilian population to the alcohol-policies proposed by the World Health Organization to decrease alcohol harm (specifically: to decrease alcohol availability and advertising, and to increase pricing). In addition, we evaluated the factors associated with being against those policies.

METHODS

Data from 16,273 Brazilians, aged 12–65 years, interviewed in the 3^rd Brazilian Household Survey on Substance Use (BHSU-3) were analyzed. The BHSU-3 is a nationwide, probability survey conducted in 2015. Individuals were asked if they would be against, neutral, or in favor of seven alcohol policies grouped as: 1) Strengthen restrictions on alcohol availability; 2) Enforce bans or restrictions on alcohol advertising, sponsorship, and promotion; and 3) Raise prices on alcohol through excise taxes and pricing. Generalized linear models were fitted to evaluate factors associated with being against each one of those policies and against all of policies.

RESULTS

Overall, 28% of the Brazilians supported all the above mentioned policies, whereas 16% were against them. The highest rate of approval refers to restricting advertising (53%), the lowest refers to increasing prices (40%). Factors associated with being against all policies were: being male (AOR = 1.1; 95%CI: 1.0–1.3), not having a religion (AOR = 1.4; 95%CI: 1.1–1.8), being catholic (AOR = 1.3; 95%CI: 1.1–1.5), and alcohol dependence (AOR = 1.6; 95%CI: 1.1–2.4).

CONCLUSIONS

The Brazilian government could count on the support of most of the population to restrict alcohol advertising. This information is essential to tackle the lobby of the alcohol industry and its clever marketing strategy.

Alcohol Drinking, prevention & control; Products Publicity Control; Public Policy; Public Opinion; Brazil

SAFER	Total	Strengthen restrictions on alcohol availability	Enforce bans or restrictions on alcohol advertising, sponsorship, and promotion	Raise prices on alcohol through excise taxes and pricing policies
Sample size (n)	16,723	6,593	8,762	6,531
Estimated population (N) x 1,000	153,095,166	62,070,445 (40.5)	80,681,192 (52.7)	61,161,300 (40.0)
Characteristic	Estimated population (%)	Prevalence (SE)	Prevalence (SE)	Prevalence (SE)
Sex
Male	74,179,205 (48.4)	36.0 (1.3)	49.8 (1.3)	36.7 (1.2)
Female	78,915,961 (51.6)	44.9 (1.3)	55.4 (1.2)	43.1 (1.2)
Age
12–17 years	20,276,385 (13.2)	45.9 (2.6)	47.7 (2.8)	41.2 (2.5)
18–44 years	84,373,066 (55.1)	39.5 (1.1)	52.1 (1.1)	38.5 (1.1)
≥ 45 years	48,445,715 (31.6)	40.1 (1.3)	55.8 (1.3)	42.0 (1.3)
Educational level
Primary	90,065,490 (58.8)	43.5 (1.4)	51.6 (1.4)	41.6 (1.3)
High school	47,631,405 (31.1)	37.7 (1.2)	53.5 (1.2)	37.8 (1.2)
College or more	15,398,271 (10.1)	32.1 (2.0)	56.6 (1.7)	37.0 (2.3)
Color/race
White	67,777,519 (44.3)	37.9 (1.2)	52.9 (1.2)	38.3 (1.2)
Black	15,497,481 (10.1)	41.3 (2.0)	51.0 (2.2)	40.2 (2.2)
Mixed (Biracial)	68,083,270 (44.5)	42.9 (1.6)	52.9 (1.6)	41.5 (1.5)
Other	1,736,896 (11.3)	43.8 (5.3)	52.2 (5.1)	39.3 (5.3)
Monthly family income
> R$ 1,500.00	80,231,542 (52.4)	42.9 (1.6)	50.8 (1.5)	41.2 (1.4)
≥ R$ 1,501.00	72,863,625 (47.6)	38.0 (1.1)	54.8 (1.1)	38.6 (1.2)
Religion
None	13,174,180 (8.6)	29.8 (2.0)	47.6 (2.1)	29.9 (1.8)
Catholic	91,242,525 (60.0)	38.4 (1.3)	50.5 (1.3)	38.9 (1.2)
Christian	42,892,303 (28.0)	49.0 (1.4)	58.4 (1.5)	45.7 (1.5)
Other	5,786,158 (4.0)	36.7 (2.6)	57.0 (2.5)	37.2 (2.9)
Reporting a steady partner
Yes	67,571,165 (55.9)	41.1 (1.4)	55.8 (1.3)	41.5 (1.4)
No	85,524,001 (44.1)	40.1 (1.2)	50.3 (1.2)	38.7 (1.1)
Number of children
None	55,128,003 (36.0)	38.3 (1.3)	49.1 (1.5)	36.9 (1.3)
≥ 1	97,967,163 (64.0)	41.8 (1.2)	54.8 (1.2)	41.7 (1.2)
Geographic macroregion
North/Northeast	54,348,090 (35.5)	46.0 (2.1)	53.0 (2.0)	44.7 (1.9)
South/Southeast	87,127,839 (56.9)	37.0 (1.4)	52.6 (1.4)	37.7 (1.5)
Center-West	11,619,236 (7.6)	41.4 (2.9)	52.3 (3.1)	34.7 (2.1)
Living in urban or rural areas
Urban	126,691,582 (82.7)	39.8 (1.0)	53.1 (1.0)	39.0 (1.1)
Rural	26,403,584 (17.3)	44.3 (2.9)	50.8 (2.8)	44.7 (2.6)
Self-rated Health
Very good/good	111,852,986 (73.1)	39.2 (1.1)	52.1 (1.1)	38.8 (1.1)
Regular/don´t know	35,072,470 (22.9)	43.8 (1.6)	54.1 (1.6)	42.7 (1.5)
Very bad/bad	6,169,710 (4.0)	47.1 (3.5)	54.8 (3.2)	45.4 (3.5)
Alcohol use (12 months)
No	87,151,956 (56.9)	47.1 (1.4)	56.4 (1.3)	45.6 (1.3)
Yes – no dependence	63,615,148 (41.6)	31.8 (1.1)	48.0 (1.2)	32.5 (1.1)
Alcohol dependence	2,328,062 (1.5)	34.4 (3.5)	42.9 (4.1)	29.8 (3.7)
Cannabis use (12 months)
Yes	3,865,259 (2.5)	19.7 (2.8)	44.4 (3.9)	19.2 (2.7)
No	149,229,907 (97.5)	41.1 (1.1)	52.9 (1.1)	40.5 (1.1)
Cocaine use (12 months)
Yes	1,339,656 (0.9)	27.4 (5.0)	50.1 (5.6)	30.7 (5.0)
No	151,755,510 (99.1)	40.7 (1.1)	52.7 (1.1)	40.0 (1.1)
In favor of all the policies (N - % (SE)		42,337,057 (27.6 ( 1.0))

Characteristic	All policies	Strengthen restrictions on alcohol availability	Enforce bans or restrictions on alcohol advertising, sponsorship, and promotion	Raise prices on alcohol through excise taxes and pricing policies
Characteristic	AOR (95%CI)	AOR (95%CI)	AOR (95%CI)	AOR (95%CI)
Male	1.15 (1.01–1.30)	1.14 (1.03–1.27)	1.20 (1.08–1.34)	1.28 (1.16–1.41)
18–44 years	1.29 (0.86–1.96)	1.46 (1.05–2.03)	1.05 (0.82–1.34)	1.28 (0.94–1.73)
≥ 45	1.40 (0.91–2.16)	1.60 (1.13–2.28)	1.00 (0.80–1.26)	1.35 (0.99–1.85)
Education Primary		1.21 (1.00–1.47)	1.37 (1.11–1.69)
Education High school		1.25 (1.05–1.50)	1.29 (1.06–1.56)
Income up to R$1,500.00			1.20 (1.05–1.38)
Religion none	1.44 (1.14–1.83)	1.65 (1.36–1.99)	1.47 (1.20–1.79)	1.60 (1.29–1.99)
Religion Catholic	1.32 (1.13–1.54)	1.36 (1.20–1.54)	1.47 (1.28–1.68)	1.30 (1.14–1.48)
Religion other	1.06 (0.80–1.40)	1.25 (0.99–1.59)	1.18 (0.92–1.50)	1.26 (1.00–1.59)
Children none				1.19 (1.07–1.33)
Macroregion South/Southeast		1.43 (1.10–1.85)		1.63 (1.27–2.09)
Macroregion Center-West		0.91 (0.62–1.32)		1.35 (0.93–1.96)
Alcohol dependency	1.56 (1.01–2.41)	1.34 (0.93–1.93)	1.20 (0.84–1.72)	1.21 (0.87–1.67)
Alcohol use (no dependency)	1.07 (0.94–1.23)	1.13 (0.99–1.28)	1.13 (1.01–1.26)	1.29 (1.15–1.44)
Cannabis use		1.50 (1.10–2.04)		2.08 (1.55–2.81)

Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 715, 01246-904 São Paulo SP Brazil, Tel./Fax: +55 11 3061-7985 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revsp@usp.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] Correspondence: Raquel B. De Boni Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde Av. Brasil, 4.365, Pavilhão Haity Moussatche, sala 229 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil E-mail: raquel.boni@icict.fiocruz.br