Effects of irregular-shift work and physical activity on cardiovascular risk factors in truck drivers

Marqueze, Elaine Cristina; Ulhôa, Melissa Araújo; Moreno, Claudia Roberta de Castro

doi:10.1590/S0034-8910.2013047004510

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Sumário

Artigos Originais • Rev. Saúde Públ. 47 (03) • June 2013 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-8910.2013047004510 copy

Effects of irregular-shift work and physical activity on cardiovascular risk factors in truck drivers

Efeitos do turno irregular de trabalho e atividade física nos fatores de risco cardiovasculares em motoristas de caminhão

Efectos del turno irregular de trabajo y actividad física en los factores de riesgo cardiovasculares en conductores de camión

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

OBJECTIVE:

To analyze the putative effect of type of shift and its interaction with leisure-time physical activity on cardiovascular risk factors in truck drivers.

METHODS:

A cross-sectional study was undertaken on 57 male truck drivers working at a transportation company, of whom 31 worked irregular shifts and 26 worked on the day-shift. Participants recorded their physical activity using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire along with measurements of blood pressure, body mass index and waist-hip ratio. Participants also provided a fasting blood sample for analysis of lipid-related outcomes. Data were analyzed using a factorial model which was covariate-controlled for age, smoking, work demand, control at work and social support.

RESULTS:

Most of the irregular-shift and day-shift workers worked more than 8 hours per day (67.7% and 73.1%, respectively). The mean duration of experience working the irregular schedule was 15.7 years. Day-shift workers had never engaged in irregular-shift work and had been working as a truck driver for 10.8 years on average. The irregular-shift drivers had lower work demand but less control compared to day-shift drivers (p < 0.05). Moderately-active irregular-shift workers had higher systolic and diastolic arterial pressures (143.7 and 93.2 mmHg, respectively) than moderately-active day-shift workers (116 and 73.3 mmHg, respectively) (p < 0.05) as well as higher total cholesterol concentrations (232.1 and 145 mg/dl, respectively) (p = 0.01). Irrespective of their physical activity, irregular-shift drivers had higher total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations (211.8 and 135.7 mg/dl, respectively) than day-shift workers (161.9 and 96.7 mg/dl, respectively (ANCOVA, p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:

Truck drivers are exposed to cardiovascular risk factors due to the characteristics of the job, such as high work demand, long working hours and time in this profession, regardless of shift type or leisure-time physical activity.

Transportation; Risk Factors; Cardiovascular Diseases; Sedentary Exercise; Motor Activity; Shift Work; Work Hours; Occupational Health

Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 715, 01246-904 São Paulo SP Brazil, Tel./Fax: +55 11 3061-7985 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revsp@usp.br

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[1] Correspondence: Claudia Roberta de Castro Moreno Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715 sala 314 01246-904 São Paulo, SP, Brasil E-mail: crmoreno@usp.br

Variables	Day-shift workers		Irregular-shift workers		χ ²

	n	%	n	%	p

Smoking					0.62 ^a
No	23	88.5	26	83.9
Yes	3	11.5	5	16.1
Work demand					< 0.01
Low	9	34.6	24	77.4
High	17	65.4	7	22.6
Control at work					0.03
High	16	61.5	10	32.3
Low	10	38.5	21	67.7
Social support					0.83
High	11	42.3	14	45.2
Low	15	57.7	17	54.8
Leisure-time physical activity					0.01 ^a
Insufficiently active (< 10 min)	23	88.5	15	48.4
Moderately active (10 to 149 min)	2	7.7	8	25.8
Physically active (≥150 min)	1	3.8	8	25.8

Variables	Day-shift workers		Irregular-shift workers		χ ²

	n	%	n	%	p

Systolic blood pressure					0.91
< 140 mmHg	15	68.2	20	66.7
≥ 140 mmHg	7	31.8	10	33.3
Diastolic blood pressure					0.76
< 90 mmHg	13	59.1	19	63.3
≥ 90 mmHg	9	40.9	11	36.7
Mean arterial pressure – MAP					0.64
≤ 110 mmHg	18	72.0	24	77.4
> 110 mmHg	7	28.0	7	22.6
Rate-pressure product – RPP					0.47 ^a
≤ 12,000	22	88.0	29	93.6
> 12,000	3	12.0	2	6.5
Pulse pressure (mmHg)					0.58
≤ 50 mmHg	16	64.0	22	71.0
> 50 mmHg	9	36.0	9	29.0
Cholesterol					< 0.01
< 190 mg/dl	18	78.3	9	30.0
≥ 190 mg/dl	5	21.7	21	70.0
LDL-Cholesterol					0.02
< 115 mg/dl	15	65.2	10	33.3
≥ 115 mg/dl	8	34.8	20	66.7
VLDL-Cholesterol					0.15
< 30 mg/dl	16	69.6	15	50.0
≥ 30 mg/dl	7	30.4	15	50.0
HDL-Cholesterol					0.07
≥ 40 mg/dl	15	65.2	12	40.0
< 40 mg/dl	8	34.8	18	60.0
Triglycerides					0.15
< 150 mg/dl	16	69.6	15	50.0
≥ 150 mg/dl	7	30.4	15	50.0
Glycemia					0.78 ^a
< 110 mg/dl	21	91.3	28	93.3
≥ 110 mg/dl	2	8.7	2	6.7
Waist circumference					0.03
< 90 cm	15	57.7	9	29.0
≥ 90 cm	11	42.3	22	71.0
Waist-hip ratio					0.06
Low risk (< 90 cm)	14	53.9	9	29.0
High risk (≥ 90 cm)	12	46.1	22	71.0
Body mass index					0.17 ^a
Normal (18 to 24.9 k/m ² )	13	50.0	8	25.8
Overweight (25 to 29.9 k/m ² )	9	34.6	16	51.6
Obese (≥ 30 k/m ² )	4	15.4	7	22.6