Cross-cultural adaptation and reliability of measurements on self-reported neighborhood characteristics in ELSA-Brasil

Santos, Simone M; Griep, Rosane Härter; Cardoso, Letícia O; Alves, Márcia Guimarães de Mello; Fonseca, Maria de Jesus Mendes da; Giatti, Luana; Chor, Dóra

doi:10.1590/S0034-8910.2013047003871

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Articles • Rev. Saúde Pública 47 (Suppl 2) • June 2013 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-8910.2013047003871 copy

Cross-cultural adaptation and reliability of measurements on self-reported neighborhood characteristics in ELSA-Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

OBJECTIVE:

To describe the process involved in adapting scales for measuring neighborhood characteristics to Brazilian Portuguese.

METHODS:

The dimensions addressed were social cohesion, environment suitable for physical activity, availability of healthy foods, safety, perceived violence and victimization. The adaptation process involved assessment of equivalence between the original scales and the Portuguese versions. The test-retest reliability was assessed in a subsample of 261 participants from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study for Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), who answered the same questionnaire on two different occasions, separated by an interval of 7 to 14 days.

RESULTS:

The aspects of equivalence assessed were shown to be adequate. The intraclass correlation coefficient ranged from 0.83 (95%CI 0.78;0.87) for Social Cohesion to 0.90 (95%CI 0.87;0.92) for Walking Environment. The scales showed internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) ranging from 0.60 to 0.84.

CONCLUSIONS:

The measurements on self-reported neighborhood characteristics had very good reproducibility and good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha). The results suggest that these scales can be used in studies involving Brazilian populations with characteristics similar to those of ELSA-Brasil.

Human Settlements; Environmental Health; Social Environment; Quality of Life; Questionnaires; Translations; Reproducibility of Results; Multicenter Studies as Topic, methods; Cohort Studies

Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 715, 01246-904 São Paulo SP Brazil, Tel./Fax: +55 11 3061-7985 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revsp@usp.br

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[1] The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

This manuscript was submitted for publication and underwent a peer review process as any other manuscripts submitted to this publication, and anonymity was guaranteed for authors and reviewers. Editors and reviewers declare no confl icts of interest that may affect the peer-review process.

Social Cohesion	Coesão Social

1. People around here are willing to help their neighbors	1. Na sua vizinhança, as pessoas estão dispostas a ajudar seus vizinhos
2. This is a close-knit or unified neighborhood	2. Sua vizinhança é bem unida, isto é, as pessoas são capazes de se unir em torno de interesses comuns
3. People in this neighborhood can be trusted	3. As pessoas na sua vizinhança são de confiança
4. People in this neighborhood generally don’t get along with each other	4. Em geral, as pessoas na sua vizinhança NÃO se dão bem umas com as outras ^a
5. People in this neighborhood do not share the same values	5. As pessoas na sua vizinhança NÃO compartilham os mesmos padrões culturais, de comportamento, princípios éticos ou morais, entre outros ^a

Walking Environment	Ambiente para Atividade Física

1. My neighborhood offers many opportunities to be physically active	1. Sua vizinhança oferece muitas condições para que as pessoas sejam fisicamente ativas (por exemplo, possam fazer caminhada, andar de bicicleta)
2. Local sports clubs and other facilities in my neighborhood offer many opportunities to get exercise	2. Há muitas oportunidades para praticar atividades físicas ou esportes em clubes, academias ou outros espaços na sua vizinhança
3. It is pleasant to walk in my neighborhood	3. É agradável fazer caminhadas na sua vizinhança
4. The trees in my neighborhood provide enough shade	4. As árvores da sua vizinhança dão bastante sombra
5. In my neighborhood it is easy to walk to places	5. É fácil ir a pé aos lugares na sua vizinhança
6. I often see other people walking in my neighborhood	6. Frequentemente o(a) senhor(a) vê outras pessoas fazendo caminhadas na sua vizinhança
7. I often see other people exercising (for example, jogging, bicycling, playing sports) in my neighborhood	7. Frequentemente o(a) senhor(a) vê outras pessoas praticando atividade física na sua vizinhança (por exemplo: correndo, andando de bicicleta, praticando esportes)
8. My neighborhood has a heavy traffic	8. O trânsito de veículos é intenso (pesado) na sua vizinhança ^a
9. There are many busy roads to cross when out for walks in my neighborhood	9. É necessário atravessar muitas ruas movimentadas para fazer caminhadas na sua vizinhança ^a

Availability of Healthy Foods	Disponibilidade de Alimentos Saudáveis

1. A large selection of fresh fruits and vegetables is available in my neighborhood	1. Encontra-se grande variedade de frutas, verduras e legumes frescos à venda próximo à sua residência
2. The fresh fruits and vegetables in my neighborhood are of high quality	2. As frutas, verduras e legumes frescos à venda próximo à sua residência são de boa qualidade
3. A large selection of low-fat products is available in my neighborhood	3. Encontra-se uma grande variedade de alimentos com baixo teor de gordura (isto é, light/diet) à venda próximo à sua residência
4. There are many opportunities to purchase fast-foods in my neighborhood	4. Existem muitos lugares para lanches e refeições rápidas (fast-food) próximo à sua residência ^a,b

Safety	Segurança

1. I feel safe walking in my neighborhood, day or night	1. O(a) senhor(a) se sente seguro(a) andando de dia ou de noite na sua vizinhança
2. Violence is not a problem in my neighborhood	2. A violência É um problema na sua vizinhança ^a
3. My neighborhood is safe from crime	3. Sua vizinhança é segura em relação a crimes

Perceived Violence	Violência Percebida

1. During the past six months, how often was there a fight in this neighborhood in which a weapon was used?	1. Nos ÚLTIMOS 6 MESES, com que frequência houve brigas que tenham envolvido o uso de armas na sua vizinhança?
2. A violent argument between neighbors	2. Nos ÚLTIMOS 6 MESES, com que frequência houve discussão violenta entre vizinhos?
3. A gang fight	3. Nos ÚLTIMOS 6 MESES, com que frequência houve briga entre gangues (grupos ou facções rivais)?
4. A sexual assault or rape	4. Nos ÚLTIMOS 6 MESES, com que frequência houve violência sexual ou estupro?
5. A robbery or mugging	5. Nos ÚLTIMOS 6 MESES, com que frequência houve roubo ou assalto?

Personal Victimization	Vitimização Pessoal

1.While you have lived in this neighborhood, has anyone ever used violence, such as in a mugging, fight, or sexual assault, against you or a member of your household anywhere in your neighborhood?	1. Alguém já praticou violência (assalto, briga, violência sexual ou sequestro) contra o(a) senhor(a) ou contra algum morador de sua residência, nessa vizinhança, durante o tempo em que o(a) senhor(a) mora nesse local?

Dimension	Number of items on the scale	Range of the score	Mean for test (with sd)	Cronbach’s alpha (test)	Mean for retest (with sd)	Cronbach’s alpha (retest)

Social cohesion	5	5-25	12.8 (3.5)	0.60	12.4 (3.6)	0.70
Environment suitable for physical activity	9	9-45	21.1 (6.9)	0.72	21.3 (7.2)	0.79
Availability of healthy foods	3	3-15	5.6 (3.3)	0.84	5.6(3.1)	0.84
Safety	3	3-12	8.4 (3.2)	0.67	8.0 (3.1)	0.70
Perceived violence	5	5-20	16.6 (2.9)	0.71	16.8 (2.8)	0.75

Domínio	General 95%CI	Sex		Age		Educational level
Domínio	General 95%CI	Male	Female	35 to 54	55 to 74	Elementary	High school	Higher education

Social cohesion	0.83 0.78;0.87	0.84 0.77;0.89	0.80 0.72;0.86	0.87 0.82;0.90	0.77 0.66;0.84	0.90 0.79;0.95	0.79 0.68;0.86	0.79 0.68;0.86
Environment suitable for physical activity	0.90 0.87;0.92	0.89 0.85;0.93	0.90 0.86;0.93	0.91 0.88;0.94	0.88 0.82;0.92	0.90 0.78;0.96	0.81 0.71;0.87	0.93 0.90;0.95
Availability of healthy foods	0.89 0.86;091	0.88 0.83;0.92	0.90 0.83;0.96	0.88 0.83;0.91	0.91 0.87;0.94	0.95 0.90;0.98	0.81 0.71;0.88	0.93 0.91;0.95
Safety	0.86 0.82;0.89	0.85 0.79;0.89	0.87 0.82;0.91	0.90 0.86;0.92	0.80 0.70 0.86	0.78 0.52;0.90	0.84 0.75;0.90	0.89 0.84;0.92
Perceived violence	0.87 0.84;0.90	0.87 0.81;0.91	0.88 0.83;0.91	0.85 0.79;0.89	0.90 0.85;0.93	0.78 0.53;0.90	0.89 0.83;0.93	0.87 0.82;0.91
Victimization (One question)	0.66 ^a0.55;0.75	0.61 ^a0.44;0.75	0.69 ^a0.55;0.81	0.71 ^a0.58;0.82	0.59 ^a0.42;0.74	0.36 ^a-0.12;0.74	0.61 ^a0.41;0.78	0.72 ^a0.59;0.83
Duration of residence (years)	0.94 0.91;0.97	0.98 0.97;0.98	0.96 0.95;0.97	0.96 0.94;0.97	0.98 0.97;0.99	0.99 0.98;0.99	0.98 0.97;0.99	0.96 0.94;0.97