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Original Articles • Rev. Saúde Pública 50 (suppl 2) • 12 Dec 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1518-8787.2016050006119 copy

Sociodemographic profile of medicines users in Brazil: results from the 2014 PNAUM survey

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the prevalence of medicine use by the Brazilian population and its distribution according to sociodemographic factors.

METHODS

Study using data from the Pesquisa Nacional de Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos (PNAUM – National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines), a nationwide household survey of a representative sample of the Brazilian urban population. The data were collected between September 2013 and February 2014. The overall use of medicines, defined as the use of any medicine, use of medicines for treating chronic medical conditions and for acute health conditions, was evaluated. The independent variables included gender, age group, socioeconomic position, and region of Brazil. Analyzes included prevalence calculations, 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) and Pearson Chi-square tests to evaluate the differences between groups, considering a 5% level of significance.

RESULTS

The prevalence of medicines use was 50.7% (95%CI 49.3–52.2), with 39.3% (95%CI 37.5–41.1) accounting for men and 61.0% (95%CI 59.3–62.6) for women. Medicines use was observed to increase with increasing age, except among children within the zero to four years age group. The lowest prevalence for medicines use was found among those with a low socioeconomic position and those who reside in the North region of Brazil. The prevalence of medicine use to treat chronic diseases was 24.3% (95%CI 23.3–25.4), whereas it was 33.7% (95%CI 32.1–35.4) for treating acute diseases.

CONCLUSIONS

We found extensive variability in the prevalence of medicines use across regions of Brazil. The poorest regions (North, Northeast, and Midwest) have a lower prevalence of medicines use to treat chronic diseases, indicating the need to minimize inequalities in access to medicines within the country.

Drug Utilization; Socioeconomic Factors; Health Inequalities; Health Surveys

Sociodemographic characteristic	Sample	Prevalence of medicines use

		All		Male		Female

	%	Prevalence	95%CI	Prevalence	95%CI	Prevalence	95%CI
Age group^b		< 0.001^c		< 0.001		< 0.001
0-4	6.2	42.0	39.5–44.6	42.6	39.5–45.7	41.4	38.6–44.3
5-9	7.5	25.3	22.0–28.6	26.7	21.6–31.8	23.9	19.4–28.5
10-19	16.0	30.6	27.9–33.3	24.5	20.7–28.2	36.5	32.7–40.4
20-29	16.5	48.0	45.4–50.6	31.4	26.8–35.9	64.4	62.0–66.8
30-39	15.3	50.6	47.9–53.2	34.8	30.3–39.3	64.5	61.8–67.3
40-49	13.8	54.1	52.0–56.2	39.0	36.6–41.4	67.5	65.3–69.7
50-59	11.5	64.7	62.5–66.8	50.3	47.0–53.5	76.1	74.0–78.2
60-69	6.9	77.0	75.3–78.7	68.3	65.7–70.9	83.8	81.9–85.6
70-79	4.3	85.8	84.0–87.5	79.8	76.1–83.4	89.9	88.2–91.6
≥ 80	2.0	88.6	86.1–91.1	85.2	81.6–88.9	90.9	87.6–94.2
Economic classification^d		0.027		0.423		0.015
A/B	22.3	51.9	49.2–54.5	40.7	37.0–44.4	62.5	59.9–65.1
C	55.3	51.1	49.4–52.8	39.2	37.2–41.2	61.5	59.5–63.5
D	17.7	50.1	47.5–52.8	39.1	35.7–42.6	59.2	56.2–62.2
E	4.6	43.5	38.2–48.8	34.6	27.6–41.6	53.2	47.0–59.3
Region		0.001		0.057		< 0.001
North	7.5	42.4	38.0–46.7	35.7	31.7–39.6	48.6	43.1–54.1
Northeast	24.3	53.4	51.2–55.7	42.7	39.7–45.6	62.6	60.1–65.0
Southeast	45.9	50.8	48.1–53.5	39.1	35.7–42.4	61.3	58.3–64.3
South	14.3	49.8	46.8–52.9	36.5	32.9–40.1	61.8	59.0–64.6
Midwest	7.9	51.8	49.2–54.4	39.5	36.2–42.7	63.9	60.7–67.0

Total	100	50.7	49.3–52.2	39.3	37.5–41.1	61.0	59.3–62.6

Sociodemographic characteristic	Prevalence of medicines use to treat chronic diseases

	All		Male		Female

	Prevalence	95%CI	Prevalence	95%CI	Prevalence	95%CI
Age group^b	< 0.001^c		< 0.001		< 0.001
0-4	5.7	4.8–6.5	6.4	5.2–7.5	5.0	3.8–6.1
5-9	5.2	3.6–6.8	6.0	3.4–8.5	4.5	2.3–6.6
10-19	5.3	4.1–6.5	4.9	3.2–6.5	5.7	4.0–7.4
20-29	7.5	6.1–8.9	5.8	3.7–7.9	9.2	7.5–10.8
30-39	14.9	13.2–16.5	11.2	8.5–13.9	18.1	16.2–19.9
40-49	28.9	27.4–30.4	20.5	18.7–22.4	36.4	34.3–38.5
50-59	49.9	48.0–51.8	36.4	33.7–39.1	60.5	58.0–63.0
60-69	66.2	64.2–68.1	56.7	53.7–59.7	73.5	71.3–75.7
70-79	78.5	76.4–80.6	71.6	67.8–75.5	83.2	81.1–85.4
≥ 80	79.7	75.6–83.8	73.4	70.7–80.0	82.7	76.7–88.6
Economic classification^d	0.011		0.033		0.038
A/B	26.5	24.6–28.4	21.0	18.6–23.4	31.8	29.6–34.1
C	24.2	23.0–25.4	18.6	17.2–20.0	29.1	27.6–30.6
D	22.4	20.6–24.3	16.4	14.4–18.4	27.4	24.9–29.9
E	23.1	19.6–26.6	18.2	13.7–22.6	28.5	23.8–33.3
Region	< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001
North	14.0	12.2–15.7	11.6	9.7–13.5	16.1	14.0–18.3
Northeast	20.5	18.9–22.1	15.4	13.6–17.1	24.8	22.7–27.0
Southeast	27.5	25.7–29.4	21.4	19.3–23.5	33.0	30.8–35.3
South	26.7	24.5–28.9	19.9	17.6–22.3	32.8	30.4–35.3
Midwest	23.2	21.4–25.1	18.0	15.8–20.2	28.4	26.4–30.3
Total	24.3	23.3–25.4	18.7	17.6–19.9	29.4	28.1–30.7

Variable	Prevalence of medicines use to treat acute diseases

	All		Male		Female

	Prevalence	95%CI	Prevalence	95%CI	Prevalence	95%CI
Age group^b	< 0.001^c		< 0.001		< 0.001
0-4	39.0	36.5–41.6	39.4	36.3–42.5	38.6	35.9–41.4
5-9	21.8	18.5–25.0	21.8	17.9–27.7	20.8	16.5–25.1
10-19	24.6	22.0–27.1	20.9	17.2–24.5	28.1	24.4–31.8
20-29	32.3	29.4–35.3	26.9	22.6–31.3	37.7	34.6–40.7
30-39	35.3	32.5–38.1	27.9	23.6–32.1	41.8	38.9–44.7
40-49	36.2	33.8–38.5	25.6	23.3–27.9	45.6	42.8–48.4
50-59	37.6	35.0–40.1	25.5	22.4–28.6	47.2	44.0–50.3
60-69	41.1	38.5–43.8	33.3	30.1–36.4	47.2	44.0–50.5
70-79	44.2	41.3–47.1	33.4	29.2–37.6	51.6	48.1–55.1
≥ 80	48.3	44.2–52.5	44.5	38.5–50.5	51.0	46.0–55.9
Economic classification^d	0.097		0.314		0.263
A/B	34.0	31.3–36.6	27.7	24.2–31.1	40.0	36.9–43.0
C	33.8	31.9–35.7	27.0	24.9–29.0	39.8	37.6–42.0
D	34.7	31.9–37.5	28.8	25.1–32.5	39.6	36.6–42.6
E	28.1	23.9–32.3	22.3	16.8–27.9	34.3	29.6–39.0
Region	< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001
North	31.6	27.6–35.6	27.5	24.0–31.0	35.4	30.2–40.6
Northeast	40.2	37.8–42.7	33.6	30.4–36.7	45.9	43.3–48.5
Southeast	31.7	28.6–34.8	25.0	21.8–28.2	37.7	34.0–41.5
South	29.4	26.8–32.1	23.2	20.2–26.1	35.1	32.4–37.7
Midwest	35.4	32.6–38.2	28.3	24.8–31.7	42.4	39.2–45.7
Total	33.7	32.1–35.4	27.2	25.4–29.0	39.6	37.6–41.5

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