Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the short version of COPSOQ II-Brazil

Gonçalves, Josiane Sotrate; Moriguchi, Cristiane Shinohara; Chaves, Thaís Cristina; Sato, Tatiana de Oliveira

doi:10.11606/s1518-8787.2021055003123

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Original Article • Rev. Saúde Pública 55 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2021055003123 copy

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the short version of COPSOQ II-Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES

Translate and culturally adapt the short version of Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II (COPSOQ II) into Brazilian Portuguese (COPSOQ II-Br) and evaluate its psychometric properties.

METHODS

Translation and cultural adaptation followed the standardized guidelines. Structural validity was assessed using exploratory factorial analysis. Test-retest reliability was evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC_3,1) and internal consistency by Cronbach’s alpha. Floor and ceiling effect was considered acceptable if less than 15% of participants reported the lowest or highest scores. Measurement error was assessed by standard error of measurement (SEM), while construct validity was tested by correlating the COPSOQ II-Br, the Job Content Questionnaire and the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire.

RESULTS

The study evaluated a total of 211 civil servants and service providers in the test and 157 in the retest. After cross-cultural adaptation, the COPSOQ II-Br structure comprised seven domains and 11 dimensions. Most dimensions showed acceptable floor and ceiling effects, excepting “Work family conflicts” (floor effect of 26.1%), and “Meaning and commitment” and “Job satisfaction,” with ceiling floor of 27.5% and 22.3%, respectively. Cronbach’s alpha values reached the recommended levels (varied between 0.70 and 0.87). Test-retest reliability indicated that all dimensions had ICC between 0.71 and 0.81. SEM ranged from 0.6 to 2.2 and the construct validity showed good results with the tested instruments (significant positive and negative correlations).

CONCLUSIONS

All psychometric properties of the short version COPSOQ II-Br are suitable for use in Brazil. The instrument is thus validated and can be used by occupational health and human resources professionals to evaluate psychosocial working conditions.

Job Satisfaction; Occupational Health; Psychological Tests; Surveys and Questionnaires; Translating; Validation Study

Variables	n	%
Sex
Female	150	71.1
Male	61	28.9
Age
18 to 20 years	2	1.0
21 to 30 years	27	12.8
31 to 40 years	83	39.3
More than 40 years	99	46.9
Marital status
Single, divorced or widowed	89	42.2
Married or living with partner	122	57.8
Schooling level
9 to 10 years of study	29	13.7
10 to 12 years of study	51	24.2
13 to 15 years of study	40	19.0
> 15 years of study	91	43.1
Time in institution/company^a
6 to 11 months	14	6.6
1 to 2 years	103	48.8
2 years to 5 years	26	12.3
> 5 years	65	30.8
Hours of work/day
4 to 6 hours/day	4	1.9
7 to 9 hours/day	184	87.2
> 10 hours/day	23	10.9
Work shift
Morning	183	86.7
Night	28	13.3

Domains	Questions	Factor 1	Factor 2
Demands at work
	1A) Do you delay the delivery of your work?	0.44
	1B) Do you have enough time to carry out your work tasks?	0.64
	2A) Is it necessary to maintain a fast pace at work?	0.75
	2B) Do you work at a high pace throughout the journey?	0.73
	3A) Does your work put you in emotionally draining situations?	0.72
	3B) Do you have to deal with other people’s personal problems as part of your work?	0.72
Eigenvalues		2.73
% of variance		45.6
Work organization and content		Influence and development	Meaning and commitment
	4A) Do you have a high degree of influence in decisions about your work?	0.81	-0.02
	4B) Can you influence the amount of work assigned to you?	0.74	0.02
	5A) Do you have the possibility to learn new things through your work?	0.62	0.29
	5B) Does your work require you to take initiative?	0.69	0.13
	6A) Is your work meaningful?	0.11	0.76
	6B) Do you feel that the work you do is important?	0.02	0.79
	7A) Do you feel that your place of work is very important to you?	0.05	0.75
	7B) Would you recommend a friend to apply for a position in your workplace?	0.20	0.72
Eigenvalues		2.67	2.81
% of variance		20.9	35.2
Interpersonal relationships		Interpersonal relationships	Leadership
	8A) At your workplace, are you informed in advance about important decisions, changes, or plans for the future?	0.63	0.45
	8B) Do you receive all the information you need to do your job well?	0.56	0.52
	9A) Is your work recognized and appreciated by management?	0.66	0.48
	9B) Are you treated fairly at your workplace?	0.61	0.52
	10A) Does your work have clear objectives/goals?	0.79	0.20
	10B) Do you know exactly what is expected of you at work?	0.76	-0.03
	11A) Would you say that your immediate superior gives high priority to job satisfaction?	0.27	0.81
	11B) Would you say your superior is good at work planning?	0.26	0.77
	12A) How often is your immediate superior willing to listen to your problems at work?	0.15	0.82
	12B) How often do you receive help and support from your immediate superior?	0.15	0.81
Eigenvalues		1.21	5.26
% of variance		12.1	52.6
Work-individual interface		Job satisfaction	Work family conflicts
	13) What is your level of satisfaction with your work as a whole, considering all aspects?	0.98	-0.18
	14A) Do you feel that your work takes so much of your energy that it has a negative effect on your private life?	-0.25	0.90
	14B) Do you feel that your work takes up so much time that it has a negative effect on your private life?	-0.11	0.94
Eigenvalues		0.77	1.99
% of variance		25.8	66.4
Values at the workplace
	15A) Can you trust the information that comes from your superiors?	0.86
	15B) Do your superior trust that the employees will do their work well?	0.83
	16A) Are conflicts resolved fairly?	0.84
	16B) Is your work distributed fairly?	0.81
Eigenvalues		2.78
% of variance		69.5
Health and wellness		General health	Burnout and stress
	17) In general, would you say your health is:	0.67	-0.61
	18A) How often have you felt physically exhausted?	-0.24	0.82
	18B) How often have you felt emotionally drained?	-0.02	0.86
	19A) How often have you felt stressed?	0.33	0.86
	19B) How often have you felt irritated?	0.43	0.79
Eigenvalues		0.80	3.14
% of variance		15.9	62.8
Offensive behaviours
	20) Have you been exposed to undesired sexual attention at your workplace in the past 12 months?	0.44
	21) Have you been exposed to threats of violence at your workplace in the past 12 months?	0.84
	22) Have you been exposed to physical violence at your workplace in the past 12 months?	0.68
	23) Have you been exposed to bullying at your workplace in the past 12 months?	0.59
Eigenvalues		1.70
% of variance		42.7

Domains and Dimensions (n = 211)	Mean (SD)	Median (IQR)	Range	Floor effect (%)	Ceiling effect (%)	N of items (Cronbach’s α)
Demands at work
Demands at work	11.4 (4.3)	12.0 (6.0)	22.0	1.4	0.5	6 (0.76)
Work organization and content
Influence and development	10.0 (3.2)	11.0 (5.0)	16.0	0.5	1.9	4 (0.70)
Meaning and commitment	13.2 (2.9)	14.0 (4.0)	16.0	0.5	27.5	4 (0.75)
Interpersonal relationships
Interpersonal relationships	15.7 (5.3)	17.0 (8.0)	24.0	0.9	4.3	6 (0.86)
Leadership	10.5 (4.1)	12.0 (7.0)	16.0	1.9	10.9	4 (0.87)
Work-individual interface
Job satisfaction	2.1 (0.7)	2.0 (0.0)	3.0	2.4	22.3	1 (-)
Work family conflicts	2.5 (2.0)	2.0 (4.0)	6.0	26.1	8.5	2 (0.86)
Values at the workplace
Values at the workplace	10.4 (3.8)	11.0 (5.0)	16.0	1.9	7.1	4 (0.85)
Health and wellness
General health	2.4 (1.0)	3.0 (1.0)	4.0	1.9	13.3	1 (-)
Burnout and stress	8.4 (3.4)	8.0 (5.0)	16.0	0.9	2.8	4 (0.87)
Offensive behaviours	0.5 (0.8)	0.0 (1.0)	4.0	69.2	0.5	4 (0.54)

Domains and Dimensions (n = 157)	Mean (SD) Test	Mean (SD) Retest	ICC_(3,1) (95% CI)	SEM	MDC
Demands at work
Demands at work	11.1 (4.4)	11.3 (3.9)	0.81 (0.75–0.86)	2.2	4.5
Work organization and content
Influence and development	9.8 (3.3)	9.8 (3.2)	0.74 (0.66–0.80)	1.8	3.9
Meaning and commitment	13.2 (3.0)	13.2 (3.0)	0.76 (0.69–0.82)	1.5	3.4
Interpersonal relationships
Interpersonal relationships	16.1 (5.4)	15.8 (5.2)	0.78 (0.70–0.83)	2.0	5.9
Leadership	11.0 (3.9)	10.7 (3.8)	0.76 (0.69–0.82)	1.4	4.4
Work-individual interface
Job satisfaction	2.1 (0.7)	2.1 (0.7)	0.71 (0.62–0.78)	-	0.9
Work family conflicts	2.4 (2.0)	2.6 (1.9)	0.79 (0.72–0.84)	0.8	2.2
Values at the workplace
Values at the workplace	10.6 (4.1)	10.8 (3.6)	0.71 (0.63–0.78)	1.6	5.1
Health and wellness
General health	2.4 (1.0)	2.5 (0.9)	0.73 (0.64–0.79)	-	1.2
Burnout and stress	8.3 (3.5)	8.4 (3.5)	0.79 (0.73–0.85)	1.3	3.7
Offensive behaviours	0.4 (0.8)	0.4 (0.8)	0.80 (0.74–0.85)	0.6	0.8

Dimensions COPSOQ II	Job Content Questionnaire			Musculoskeletal symptoms

	Work demands	Control	Social support	Neck		Low back		Number of regions with symptoms

				r_pb 12 months	r_pb 7 days	r_pb 12 months	r_pb 7 days	r_s 12 months	r_s 7 days
Demands at work
Demands at work	0.63^a	0.23^a	-0.37^a	0.29^a	0.25^a	0.24^a	0.20^a	0.37^a	0.28^a
Work organization and content
Influence and development	0.20^a	0.66^a	-0.07	0.17^a	0.11	0.15^a	0.08	0.11	0.07^a
Meaning and commitment	-0.17^a	0.28^a	0.30^a	-0.08	-0.04	-0.06	-0.03	-0.17^a	-0.15^a
Interpersonal relationships
Interpersonal relationships	-0.33^a	0.25^a	0.36^a	-0.02	-0.03	-0.08	-0.11	-0.15^a	-0.17^a
Leadership	-0.28^a	0.12	0.43^a	-0.04	0.01	0.01	-0.04	-0.14	-0.15^a
Work-individual interface
Job satisfaction	-0.38^a	0.19^a	0.39^a	-0.12	-0.06	-0.14^a	-0.08	-0.22^a	-0.18^a
Work family conflicts	0.42^a	-0.05	-0.38^a	0.24^a	0.20^a	0.18^a	0.16^a	0.36^a	0.32^a
Values at the workplace
Values at the workplace	-0.36^a	0.19^a	0.46^a	-0.07	-0.03	0.01	-0.06	-0.21^a	-0.21^a
Health and wellness
General health	-0.21^a	0.20^a	0.16	-0.17^a	-0.07	-0.16^a	-0.15^a	-0.35^a	-0.29^a
Burnout and stress	0.41^a	-0.01	-0.43^a	0.29^a	0.20^a	0.21^a	0.20^a	0.31^a	0.26^a
Offensive behaviours	0.22^a	-0.06	-0.20^a	0.05	0.05	0.17^a	0.02	0.08	0.01

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[1] Correspondence: Tatiana de Oliveira Sato Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brasil E-mail: tatisato@ufscar.br