Temporal trends in the prevalence of asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis in adolescents

Wilmer, Fernanda Agapito Pássaro; Maurici, Rosemeri; Nazário, Carlos Alberto Kuntz; Nazário, Kahio César Kuntz; Pássaro, Paula Fernanda Agapito; Piazza, Helena Elisa; Bertoldi, Rennan Almir; Pizzichini, Emílio; Pizzichini, Márcia Margaret Menezes

doi:10.1590/S0034-8910.2015049005558

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Original Articles • Rev. Saúde Pública 49 • 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-8910.2015049005558 copy

Temporal trends in the prevalence of asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis in adolescents

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the temporal trend of asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis prevalences as well as their symptoms in adolescents.

METHODS

Two cross-sectional studies were conducted using the same methodology and questionnaire as was used for adolescents aged 12 to 14 years in the Brazilian city of Florianopolis, SC, Southern Brazil. Based on the international protocol of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) study, adolescents were evaluated in 2001 and 3,150 in 2012. The schools included in this study were the same as in the 2001 study. These schools were randomly selected after stratification by network (public and private) and geographic location. The total average percentage variation was estimated for the prevalence of asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis and their symptoms.

RESULTS

The prevalence of reported asthma was 10.9% in 2001 and 14.8% in 2012, with an average variation of 2.8% in the period. The highest average variation in the period was observed among female adolescents (4.1%). In parallel a significant increase occurred in reported physician-diagnosed asthma, 7.3% in 2001 and 11,1% in 2012, with an annual variation of 4.5%. The largest increases in reported physician-diagnosed asthma were seen in female (5.9%) and male (4.5%) public school pupils. In addition, a significant increase in reported rhinoconjunctivitis occurred, with the average variation in the period being 5.2%. Reports of severe asthma symptoms remained unchanged during the period, while the annual variation for reported current wheezing (-1.3%) and wheezing during exercise (-1.2%) decreased.

CONCLUSIONS

The results showed a significant increase in the annual average variation for asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis prevalence during the 2001 to 2012 period.

Adolescent; Asthma; epidemiology; Rhinitis, epidemiology; Cross-Sectional Studies

Variable	2001 (n = 3,053)	2012 (n = 2,563)	Annual variation (%)	p*
Asthma at some time	10.9	14.8	+ 2.8	< 0.001
Medical diagnosis of asthma	7.3	11.1	+4.5	< 0.001
Current wheezing	18.8	16.2	-1.3	0.030
Severe symptoms of asthma	6.7	6.7	0	1.000
Wheezing during exercise	21.4	18.7	-1.2	0.010
Dry nighttime coughing	35.6	43.7	+1.9	< 0.001
Rhinoconjunctivitis	20.4	35.4	+5.2	< 0.001

Variable	200	2012	Annual variation (%)	p*
Asthma at some time
Male	11.9	14.1	+1.6	0.090
Female	10.0	15.6	+4.1	< 0.001
Medical diagnosis of asthma
Male	8.5	10.6	+2.0	0.070
Female	6.2	11.7	+5.9	< 0.001
Current wheezing
Male	17.8	14.8	-1.7	0.030
Female	19.6	17.5	-1.0	0.200
Wheezing during exercise
Male	18.8	18.2	-0.3	0.600
Female	23.7	19.1	-1.9	0.003
Dry nighttime coughing
Male	30.1	36.2	+1.7	0.001
Female	40.6	51.0	+2.1	< 0.001
Rhinoconjunctivitis
Male	14.9	26.6	+5.4	< 0.001
Female	20.4	35.4	+5.1	< 0.001

Asthma at some time	2001			2012

	Yes (%)	No (%)	p*	Yes (%)	No (%)	p*
n	333	2,720		380	2,183
Wheezing in the previous 12 months	50.8	14.9	< 0.001	45.8	11.0	< 0.001
Severe symptoms of asthma	25.4	4.4	< 0.001	24.2	3.7	< 0.001
Wheezing during exercise	48.0	18.1	< 0.001	44.2	14.2	< 0.001
Dry nighttime coughing	52.6	33.5	< 0.001	59.1	41.0	< 0.001
Rhinoconjunctivitis	32.7	15.9	< 0.001	45.8	28.5	< 0.001
Medical diagnosis of asthma	60.7	0.8	< 0.001	68.4	1.1	< 0.001

Variable	2001 (%)	2012 (%)	Annual variation (%)	p*
Asthma at some time
Public	9.7	13.5	+3.1	< 0.001
Private	13.7	17.6	+2.3	0.030
Medical diagnosis of asthma
Public	6.1	9.9	+4.5	< 0.001
Private	10.1	13.5	+2.8	0.030
Current wheezing
Public	18.5	14.0	-2.5	< 0.001
Private	19.5	20.5	+0.5	0.600
Wheezing during exercise
Public	21.8	18.5	-1.7	0.009
Private	20.4	19.2	-0.5	0.500
Dry nighttime coughing
Public	35.2	40.9	+1.4	< 0.001
Private	36.4	49.5	+2.8	< 0.001
Rhinoconjunctivitis
Public	16.5	27.2	+4.6	< 0.001
Private	20.6	38.9	+6.9	< 0.001

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[1] Correspondence
: Rosemeri Maurici Campus Universitário – UFSC Rua Maria Flora Pausewang, s/n Trindade 88000-000 Florianópolis, SC, Brasil E-mail: rosemeri.maurici@ufsc.br