Indirect selection is a common practice in perennial crop breeding and has been frequently utilized for palms. Traits related to plant growth and heart-of-palm yield of the Australian king palm (Archontophoenix alexandrae Wendl. & Drude) were studied in a 30 months old population, cultivated in Pariquera-Açu, SP, Brazil. The objective was to identify traits that can be subsequently used for the indication of plant prones to be harvested, as well as in the selection of superior palms. Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were performed on the data. Among the twelve studied traits, the weights of edible basal stem, premium heart-of-palm, and heart-of-palm plus edible apical leaf presented the largest variability (CV above 53%). Smaller variability was observed for heart-of-palm diameter and length of the fourth leaf (CV between 26 and 22%). Highly positive correlation coefficients were found between heart-of-palm components (weight, diameter and length) and plant height and diameter. Among the vegetative traits, plant height contributed the most to the variation presented by the heart-of-palm total weight. It is a useful character, easily measurable and of non-destructive nature, that can be utilized to indicate the adequate timing for heart-of-palm harvesting, and for the selection of superior genotypes.
Archontophoenix; indirect selection; genetic improvement; agronomic traits; superior genotypes