Effect of ensiling time on apparent total tract starch digestibility in Southern Brazilian dairy herds

Michelotti, Tainara Cristina de Abreu; Silva, Ricardo Antonio da; Carneiro, Jorge Henrique; Navarro, Rodrigo Barros; Carvalho, Igor Quirrenbach de; Paula, Eduardo Marostegan de; Ferraretto, Luiz Felipe; Caetano, Mariana; Lanna, Dante Pazzanese Duarte; Almeida, Rodrigo de

doi:10.1590/1678-992X-2019-0096

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Animal Science and Pastures • Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.) 78 (2) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992X-2019-0096 copy

Effect of ensiling time on apparent total tract starch digestibility in Southern Brazilian dairy herds

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

Ensiling corn for longer periods is a strategy used to increase rumen bacteria access to starch. In fact, when corn is ensiled for insufficient periods, starch digestibility decreases, as evidenced by excreted starch. This study investigates the effects of corn silage ensiling time on starch digestibility of dairy cows through fecal starch analysis. The trial was conducted during the spring of 2013 and the fall of 2014 on twenty dairy herds located in the state of Paraná, southern Brazil. Total mixed ration (TMR), whole-plant corn silage (WPCS) and fecal samples were collected for determination of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin and starch. Apparent total tract starch digestibility (ATTSD) was calculated using equations developed by Fredin et al. (2014)Fredin, S.M.; Ferraretto, L.F.; Akins, M.S.; Hoffman, P.C.; Shaver, R.D. 2014. Fecal starch as an indicator of total-tract starch digestibility by lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 97: 1862-1871. and Bal et al. (1997)Bal, M.A.; Coors, J.G.; Shaver, R.D. 1997. Impact of the maturity of corn for use as silage in the diets of dairy cows on intake, digestion, and milk production. Journal of Dairy Science 80: 2497-2503.. Data were analyzed using the CORR, REG and GLM procedures of SAS. Spring and fall WPCS were ensiled for 260 and 132 days, respectively (p < 0.01). There was no difference (p > 0.05) in ATTSD-Fredin from season to season though there was a trend (p = 0.11) towards greater ATTSD-Bal for spring samples. ATTSD-Bal was positively correlated with ensiling days (r = 0.31). Starch digestibility was not negatively affected by WPCS harvesting maturity. Differences in post-ruminal starch digestion, variation between farms in DM intake and diets, limitations of the equations, influence of uncontrolled factors, and the small number of experimental units might have contributed to the absence of significant results. Overall, Bal et al. (1997)Bal, M.A.; Coors, J.G.; Shaver, R.D. 1997. Impact of the maturity of corn for use as silage in the diets of dairy cows on intake, digestion, and milk production. Journal of Dairy Science 80: 2497-2503. equation was more efficient in distinguishing ATTSD from different ensiling periods.

Keywords:
ensiling period; fecal starch; whole-plant corn silage

Variable	Spring	Fall	SEM¹ 1 SEM = standard error of the mean;	p value
CS² 2 CS = corn silage; DM (% of NM³ 3 NM = natural matter; )	30.94	31.37	0.71	0.67
CS² 2 CS = corn silage; NDF⁵ 5 NDF = neutral detergent fiber; (% of DM⁴ 4 DM = dry matter; )	41.72	43.00	0.76	0.25
CS² 2 CS = corn silage; ADF⁶ 6 ADF = acid detergent fiber. (% of DM⁴ 4 DM = dry matter; )	20.96	20.42	0.38	0.40
CS² 2 CS = corn silage; Lignin (% of DM⁴ 4 DM = dry matter; )	2.41	2.57	0.16	0.48
CS² 2 CS = corn silage; Starch (% of DM⁴ 4 DM = dry matter; )	30.08	30.81	0.56	0.37
CS² 2 CS = corn silage; Mean particle size (mm)	10.64	10.47	0.21	0.59

Variable	Spring	Fall	SEM¹ 1 SEM = standard error of the mean;	p value
TMR² 2 TMR = total mixed ration; DM (% of NM³ 3 NM = natural matter; )	45.10	45.65	0.60	0.52
TMR² 2 TMR = total mixed ration; NDF⁵ 5 NDF = neutral detergent fiber; (% of DM⁴ 4 DM = dry matter; )	33.35	36.62	0.59	< 0.001
TMR² 2 TMR = total mixed ration; ADF⁶ 6 ADF = acid detergent fiber. (% of DM⁴ 4 DM = dry matter; )	16.05	17.39	0.45	0.05
TMR² 2 TMR = total mixed ration; Lignin (% of DM⁴ 4 DM = dry matter; )	1.84	2.00	0.13	0.37
TMR² 2 TMR = total mixed ration; Starch (% of DM⁴ 4 DM = dry matter; )	28.65	25.40	0.80	0.01
TMR² 2 TMR = total mixed ration; Mean particle size (mm)	7.34	8.26	0.29	0.04

Variable	Spring			Fall			SEM¹ 1 SEM = standard error of the mean;	p value
Variable	Mean	Min.	Max.	Mean	Min.	Max.	SEM¹ 1 SEM = standard error of the mean;	p value
Fecal DM² 2 DM = dry matter; (% of NM ³ 3 NM = natural matter; )	13.16	10.59	15.36	14.03	11.01	19.24	0.36	0.11
Fecal NDF⁴ 4 NDF = neutral detergent fiber; (% of DM² 2 DM = dry matter; )	48.81	38.33	57.39	51.64	43.53	68.22	0.84	0.03
Fecal ADF⁵ 5 ADF = acid detergent fiber; (% of DM² 2 DM = dry matter; )	26.45	19.85	33.97	26.95	21.77	41.35	0.70	0.63
Fecal Lignin (% of DM² 2 DM = dry matter; )	7.31	5.04	12.60	6.40	3.73	13.93	0.39	0.12
Fecal Starch (% of DM² 2 DM = dry matter; )	3.40	1.46	5.67	3.93	1.66	11.10	0.37	0.33
ATTSD⁶ 6 ATTSD = apparent total tract starch digestibility. -Fredin	95.91	92.85	98.14	95.04	86.04	97.89	0.47	0.33
ATTSD⁶ 6 ATTSD = apparent total tract starch digestibility. -Bal	96.80	93.63	98.60	94.06	70.08	98.29	1.15	0.11

	CS DM	CS NDF	CS Lignin	CS Starch	TMR DM	TMR NDF	TMR Lignin	TMR Starch	Fecal DM	Fecal NDF	Fecal Lignin	Fecal Starch	ATTSD-Fredin	ATTSD-Bal
Ensiling days	–0.14	0.07	0.17	0.08	–0.12	–0.33^* * p ≤ 0.05;	–0.13	0.15	–0.02	0.02	0.37^* * p ≤ 0.05;	0.25	0.25	0.31^* * p ≤ 0.05;
CS DM		–0.51^* ***** p ≤ 0.001; “.” correlations omitted for confounding effects. CS = corn silage; TMR = total mixed ration; DM = dry matter; NDF = neutral detergent fiber; ATTSD = apparent total tract starch digestibility.	–0.23	0.26	0.38^* * p ≤ 0.05;	–0.12	0.09	–0.03	0.05	–0.10	0.07	0.24	–0.24	–0.28
CS NDF			0.47^ p ≤ 0.01;	–0.42^ p ≤ 0.01;	–0.43^ p ≤ 0.01;	0.16	0.08	0.02	0.10	0.23	–0.17	0.07	–0.07	–0.08
CS Lignin				–0.24	–0.09	0.17	0.11	–0.33^* * p ≤ 0.05;	0.23	0.09	0.14	–0.19	0.19	0.11
CS Starch					0.17	–0.07	–0.09	0.00	0.09	0.08	0.06	–0.16	0.16	0.08
TMR DM						–0.23	–0.15	–0.26	0.13	–0.30	–0.10	0.13	–0.13	–0.11
TMR NDF							0.54^* ***** p ≤ 0.001; “.” correlations omitted for confounding effects. CS = corn silage; TMR = total mixed ration; DM = dry matter; NDF = neutral detergent fiber; ATTSD = apparent total tract starch digestibility.	–0.50^* ***** p ≤ 0.001; “.” correlations omitted for confounding effects. CS = corn silage; TMR = total mixed ration; DM = dry matter; NDF = neutral detergent fiber; ATTSD = apparent total tract starch digestibility.	0.15	0.30	–0.06	–0.05	0.05	–0.21
TMR Lignin								–0.36^* * p ≤ 0.05;	0.32^* * p ≤ 0.05;	0.38^* * p ≤ 0.05;	0.12	0.06	–0.06	.
TMR Starch									–0.22	–0.03	0.11	–0.05	0.05	.
Fecal DM										0.16	–0.26	0.03	–0.03	–0.25
Fecal NDF											0.20	–0.51^* ***** p ≤ 0.001; “.” correlations omitted for confounding effects. CS = corn silage; TMR = total mixed ration; DM = dry matter; NDF = neutral detergent fiber; ATTSD = apparent total tract starch digestibility.	0.51^* ***** p ≤ 0.001; “.” correlations omitted for confounding effects. CS = corn silage; TMR = total mixed ration; DM = dry matter; NDF = neutral detergent fiber; ATTSD = apparent total tract starch digestibility.	0.21
Fecal Lignin												–0.24	0.24	.
Fecal Starch													.	.
ATTSD-Fredin														0.83^* ***** p ≤ 0.001; “.” correlations omitted for confounding effects. CS = corn silage; TMR = total mixed ration; DM = dry matter; NDF = neutral detergent fiber; ATTSD = apparent total tract starch digestibility.
ATTSD-Bal

Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" USP/ESALQ - Scientia Agricola, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba SP Brazil, Phone: +55 19 3429-4401 / 3429-4486 - Piracicaba - SP - Brazil
E-mail: scientia@usp.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] *Corresponding author <ralmeida@ufpr.br>