In this text we search the meaning of the patriarchate concept in the Brazilian Social Thought. We observe how the dominance system is conceived in a wide form that incorporates the dimensions of sexuality, of reproduction and of the relationship between men and women in the context of a slavery system. We sustain that, if even in the societies where the public differs from the private, the gender relations remain patriarchal, in the scope of the patrimonial societies the involvement between public and private did not result in a larger political or economic participation of the women in this sphere for the own patriarchal origin of the bureaucracy in the context of a patriarchal patrimonialism.