Hydrological response of hydrographic sub-basins in the Piracicaba River Basin - Southeast Region of Brazil

Carvalho, Ana Claudia Pereira; Lorandi, Reinaldo; Lollo, José Augusto Di; Collares, Eduardo Goulart; Moschini, Luiz Eduardo

doi:10.14393/SN-v34-2022-63522

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Papers • Soc. nat. 34 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.14393/SN-v34-2022-63522 copy

Hydrological response of hydrographic sub-basins in the Piracicaba River Basin - Southeast Region of Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The use of water for several human needs, associated with climate change, indicates how important it is to understand the response of watersheds, in order to provide adequate planning and management of water resources. This study was carried out in two pairs of hydrographic watersheds, in the Piracicaba River Basin, southeast of Brazil, analyzing water response, integrating in-situ collected precipitation and flow data, natural environmental attributes, and anthropic environmental data. To support the analysis, Surface Runoff Potential Charts (SRPC) were made. The evaluation of the physical characteristics of the sub- watersheds (SW(A) and SW(B)) shows that these areas present very low to low potential, indicating greater infiltration capacity. The use and coverage of the soil partially justifyies flow changes in pair 1, since SW(A) has a larger extent of agricultural areas that can use irrigation. SW(B), even with a greater variety of crops, has a smaller cultivated area and tends to demand less water. As for pair 2, the low runoff potential was mainly due to the predominance of flat relief in the sub-basins. Their soils present a higher fraction of silt and clay, with thicknesses > 5m in SW(C) and varying from 0.5m, reaching depths above 5m in SW(D). The physical properties of these soils do not provide a low flow rate, but when associated with the low slope of the land, geological characteristics and low drainage density are configured in regions where the flow flows more slowly, contributing to the evaporation and infiltration process. The use and coverage of the soil also partially justifyies the flow oscillations, due to anthropic activities in SW(C) and SW(D), such as irrigation and spraying of citrus, fertirrigation of sugarcane, irrigation of seedling nurseries, directly interfering with the availability of surface water.

Keywords:
Watershed; Flow; Water resource management; Rainfall; Runoff

Width of the river (m)	Distance between vertical sections (m)	Width of the river (m)	Distance between vertical sections (m)	Width of the river (m)	Distance between vertical sections (m)
< 3	0.30	15 a 30	2.00	80 a 150	6.00
3 a 6	0.50	30 a 50	3.00	150 a 250	8.00
6 a 15	1.00	50 a 80	4.00	> 250	12.00
Depth (m)		Number of Points		Point Depth (m)
0.15 a 0.60		1		0.6
0.60 a 1.20		2		0.2 e 0.8
1.20 a 2.00		3		0.2; 0.6; e 0.8
2.00 a 4.00		4		0.2; 0.4; 0.6 e 0.8
> 4.00		6		Surface; 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8 Depth; Riverbed Bottom

Environmental Attribute	Source	Mapping Scale
Drainage	ANA (2013) - Agência Nacional de Águas e Saneamento Básico - Federal agency responsible for the implementation of Brazilian water resources management	1:50.000
Drainage Density	Authors
Features favorable to surface storage	Authors/Google Earth Pro^®
Hypsometry	ASF Data SearchVertex^® platform / Alos Palsar Image
Land use and land cover	Lorandi et al. (2019LORANDI, R.; DI LOLLO, J.A.; MOSCHINI, L.E.; COLLARES, E.G.; CARVALHO, A.C.P.; CARVALHO, A.P.P. Análise espacial da disponibilidade hídrica nas Sub-bacias Hidrográficas do Rio Piracicaba (SP) para a proposição de instrumento de planejamento e gestão dos recursos hídricos. Relatório Parcial de Pesquisa. UFSCar/FAPESP - Processo: 2018/14145-4, 2019.) / RapidEye images dated June 2019, Planet^® plataform
Lithology	Cardoso (1993CARDOSO, A. B. F. Mapeamento Geotécnico do município de Limeira - SP. Dissertation, University of São Paulo, 1993.); Dantas-Ferreira (2008); Pejon (1992PEJON, O. J. Mapeamento Geotécnico de Piracicaba. 1:100.000: Estudo de Aspectos Metodológicos de Caracterização e de Apresentação dos Atributos. Thesis, University of São Paulo, 1992.); Valadares (2017VALADARES, A. P. Mapeamento pedológico digital por mineração de dados: bases de treinamento para o nível de reconhecimento. Dissertation, Agronomic Institute of Campinas, 2017.)
Slope	ASF Data SearchVertex^® platform/ Alos Palsar Image
Soils	Cardoso (1993CARDOSO, A. B. F. Mapeamento Geotécnico do município de Limeira - SP. Dissertation, University of São Paulo, 1993.); Dantas-Ferreira (2008); Pejon (1992PEJON, O. J. Mapeamento Geotécnico de Piracicaba. 1:100.000: Estudo de Aspectos Metodológicos de Caracterização e de Apresentação dos Atributos. Thesis, University of São Paulo, 1992.)

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[1] AUTHORS' CONTRIBUTION

Ana Claudia Pereira Carvalho performed the fluviometric and pluviometric monitoring in the field, applied the methods, as well as elaborated the results and wrote the paper. Reinaldo Lorandi validated the data and information, analyzed the results and contributed to the writing of the paper. José Augusto Di Lollo validated the data and information, analyzed the results and contributed to the writing of the paper. Eduardo Goulart Collares validated the data and information, analyzed the results and contributed to the writing of the paper. Luiz Eduardo Moschini validated the data and information, analyzed the results and contributed to the writing of the paper.