Water sustainability of the Guamá river basin, Eastern Amazonia/Brazil

Rocha, Nívia Cristina Vieira; Lima, Aline Maria Meiguins de

doi:10.14393/SN-v32-2020-45694

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Papers • Soc. nat. 32 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.14393/SN-v32-2020-45694 copy

Water sustainability of the Guamá river basin, Eastern Amazonia/Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The Guamá River basin covers 19 municipalities located in northeastern Pará, with great diversity of land use forms and the highest population density of the state. In this research, its water sustainability was evaluated, based on the hydrological, environmental, social and management aspects, in its 8 sub-basins. The hydrological indicator showed a medium behavior for the sub-basins; the environmental highlighted the fragility of the resilient vegetal cover; the social performance presented the worst performance; and the management pointed out the need for institutional strengthening. The Guamá river basin in general obtained an intermediate sustainability index, but the partial results indicated that for measures geared to the strategic planning and management, to minimize pressures on the remaining vegetation, enhancing institutional capacity and improving the quality of life of the population and resources, with the intention of enhancing the sustainability of the basin.

Keywords:
Indicators; Watershed; Management

Classification = Weigth/Variables
≤ 10% = 0	10% < G ≤ 20% = 0.25	20% < G ≤ 30% = 0.5	30% < G ≤ 50%= 0.75	> 50% = 1
- Degree of Coverage according to the Rural Environmental Registry (RER)
Individual = 1		Associated = 0.5		Absent = 0
- Environment Secretariat
High Impact = 1		Low Impact = 0,5	No = 0
- Performs Environmental Licensing
Existent = 1		Non-existent = 0
- Environmental Legislation - Municipal Environment Council
Yes = 1		No = 0
- Participation in the Green Municipalities Program - Environmental management information by internet - Realization of environmental education actions in the municipality - Existence of Land-Use Planning		- It has Basic Sanitation Plan - It has Sanitation Policy - It has qualification for environmental management - It has Municipal Fund of the Environment

Indicator	Parameters of state defined in this proposal	Level defined in this proposal	P_w
Hydrological	Flow potential from the hydrological curve number - CN model	≤ 0.1	0.00
		0.1 < H ≤ 0.25	0.25
		0.25 < H ≤ 0.50	0.50
		0.50 < H ≤ 0.75	0.75
		> 0.75	1.00
Environmental	% total area of the basin and area occupied by forest cover	≤ 5%	0.00
		5% < E ≤ 15%	0.25
		15% < E ≤ 30%	0.50
		30% < E ≤ 45%	0.75
		E > 45%	1.00
Social	Based on the MHDI, Gini index, and Sanitation Index according to the National Sanitation Information System - NSIS.	≤ 0.5	0.00
		0.5 < S ≤ 0.6	0.25
		0.6 < S ≤ 0.75	0.50
		0.75 < S ≤ 0.9	0.75
		> 0.9	1.00
Management	Institutional capacity of the basin: level of organization of the environmental management system	≤ 10%	0.00
		10% < M ≤ 20%	0.25
		20% < M ≤ 30%	0.50
		30% < M ≤ 50%	0.75
		> 50%	1.00

ISH (0.00 - 1.00)	Performance
≤ 0.20	Bad/unsustainable
0.21 to 0.40	Poor/potentially unsustainable
0.41 to 0.60	Medium/intermediate
0.61 - 0.80	Good/potentially sustainable
≥ 0.81	Very good/sustainable

Sub-basin	Area of the sub-basin (ha)	Total vegetation area (ha)	Total vegetation area (%)
Upper Guamá	331,639.30	96,444.02	29.08
Apeú Stream	74,737.99	29,318.04	39.23
Sub- basin of Médio Guamá Oeste	142,137.30	53,676.70	37.76
Lower Guamá	163,960.76	94,885.30	57.87
Mãe do Rio Stream	155,244.52	37,359.57	24.07
Middle Guamá east	191,134.49	66,943.62	35.02
Bujarú river	99,019.23	54,964.38	55.51
Sujo river	46,012.53	17,046.30	37.05
Total	1,203,886.12	450,637.93	37.43

Sub-basin	Precipitation (annual accumulation) (mm)	Runoff (mm)	Runoff from precipitation (%)
Bujarú river	2,462.78	814.12	33.06
Lower Guamá	2,642.59	767.70	29.05
Apeú Stream	2,425.84	733.17	30.22
Middle Guamá west	2,331.86	680.46	29.18
Mãe do Rio Stream	2,392.43	683.74	28.58
Middle Guamá east	2,224.02	668.42	30.05
Sujo river	2,179.63	610.62	28.01
Upper Guamá	2,066.94	578.39	27.98

Sub-basin	Social indicator
Mãe do Rio Stream	0.66
Middle Guamá West	0.57
Alto Guamá	0.57
Sujo river	0.56
Lower Guamá	0.55
Bujarú river	0.51
Apeú Stream	0.49
Middle Guamá East	0.48

Sub-basin	Management indicator
Apeú Stream	0.62
Bujarú river	0.56
Middle Guamá West	0.53
Middle Guamá East	0.42
Lower Guamá	0.40
Mãe do Rio Stream	0.37
Upper Guamá	0.29
Sujo river	0.26

Sub-basin	ISH	Performance
Lower Guamá	0.63	Good/potentially sustainable
Apeú Stream	0.56	Medium/Intermediate
Bujarú River	0.69	Good/potentially sustainable
Middle Guamá Oeste	0.63	Good/potentially sustainable
Mãe do Rio Stream	0.56	Medium/Intermediate
Middle Guamá East	0.50	Medium/Intermediate
Sujo River	0.50	Medium/Intermediate
Upper Guamá	0.44	Medium/Intermediate

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