ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has adversely affected the health of the global population, with sleep quality being one of the affected parameters.
OBJECTIVES:
To evaluate sleep quality and its associated factors in adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil.
DESIGN AND SETTING:
A population-based cross-sectional serological survey of 1,762 adults in the Iron Quadrangle region of Brazil.
METHODS:
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess sleep quality. Sociodemographic variables, health conditions, health-related behaviors, anxiety, vitamin D levels, weight gain/loss, and pandemic characteristics were assessed using a structured questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate analyses using Poisson regression with robust variance were performed to identify factors associated with sleep quality.
RESULTS:
More than half of the participants reported poor sleep quality (52.5%). Multivariate analysis revealed that the factors associated with poor sleep quality included living alone (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.34; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–1.73), anxiety disorder (PR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.08–1.62), 5.0% weight loss (PR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.02–1.44), 5.0% weight gain (PR = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.03–1.55), vitamin D deficiency (PR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.01–1.35), and COVID-19 symptoms (PR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.10–1.52).
CONCLUSIONS:
Our study revealed that more than half of the participants experienced poor sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Factors associated with poor sleep quality included vitamin D deficiency and weight changes related to the pandemic.
KEY WORDS (MeSH terms):
Coronavirus infections; Sleep deprivation; Health surveys; Body weight changes; Sunlight; Anxiety
AUTHORS’ KEY WORDS:
Coronavirus disease; Insufficient sleep; Anxiousness; Sleep latencies; Vitamin D deficiencies; Hygiene, Sleep
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Weight loss is defined as a loss of 5% or more during the pandemic. Weight gain is defined as a gain of 5% or more during the pandemic (self-reported weight).