A1 |
Prates et al.1111 Prates KA, Torres AM, Garcia LB, et al. Nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in university students. Braz J Infect Dis. 2010;14(3):316-8. PMID: 20835520. 2010 |
Brazil |
To determine the prevalence of nasal transportation of S. aureus in university students. |
Nostrils |
A2 |
Syafinaz et al.1212 Syafinaz AM, Nur Ain NZ, Nadzirahi SN, et al. Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriers Among Medical Students in A Medical School. Med J Malaysia. 2012;67(6):636-8. PMID: 23770966. 2012 |
Malaysia |
To determine the prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriers among medical students. |
Nostrils |
A3 |
Bettin et al.1313 Bettin A, Causil C, Reyes N. Molecular identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus nasal isolates from medical students in Cartagena, Colombia. Braz J Infect Dis. 2012;16(4):329-34. PMID: 22846119; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2012.06.017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2012.06.0...
2012 |
Colombia |
To investigate the nasal transportation of Panton-Valentin leukocidin-positive S. aureus strains, categories of transportation and risk factors associated with colonization, in medical students. |
Nostrils |
A4 |
Chen et al.1414 Chen CS, Chen CY, Huang YC. Nasal carriage rate and molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among medical students at a Taiwanese university. Int J Infect Dis. 2012;16(11):e799-803. PMID: 2287817; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2012.07.004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2012.07.0...
2012 |
China |
To investigate whether clinical exposure in the hospital affects MRSA nasal transportation among medical students. |
Nostrils |
A5 |
Sabri et al.1616 Sabri I, Adwan K, Essawi TA, Farraj MA. Molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates in three different Arab world countries. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp). 2013;3(3):183-7. PMID: 24265936; https://doi.org/10.1556/EuJMI.3.2013.3.5. https://doi.org/10.1556/EuJMI.3.2013.3.5...
2013 |
Palestine |
To investigate the prevalence of nasal transportation of S. aureus and MRSA. |
Nostrils |
A6 |
López-Aguilera et al.1515 López-Aguilera S, Goñi-Yeste M del M, Barrado L, et al. Colonización nasal por Staphylococcus aureus en estudiantes de medicina: importancia en la transmisión hospitalaria [Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization in medical students: importance in nosocomial transmission]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2013;31(8):500-5. PMID: 23352260; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eimc.2012.12.005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eimc.2012.12.0...
2013 |
Spain |
To determine the prevalence of nasal carriers of sensitive and methicillin-resistant S. aureus and evaluate knowledge of and adherence to hand hygiene among students. |
Nostrils |
A7 |
Mat Azis et al.1717 Mat Azis N, Hamid AAB, Pung HP, et al. Staphylococcus aureus infection risk in a population of health sciences students at a public university. Iranian J Publ Health 2014;43(Suppl 12):112-6. Available from: https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/4887. Accessed in 2021 (May 10). https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/a...
2014 |
Malaysia |
To evaluate the transportation of S. aureus and its persistence in students of health sciences. |
Nostrils |
A8 |
Malik et al.1818 Malik NFA, Muharram SH, Abiola O. Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in young healthy adults in Brunei Darussalam. Brunei Int Med J. 2014;10(2):78-84. 2014 |
Brunei |
To determine the prevalence of the status of nasal carrier of S. aureus and MRSA among healthy young people. |
Nostrils |
A9 |
Krishnamurthy et al.1919 Krishnamurthy V, Saha A, Renushri BV, Nagaraj ER. Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Carriage, Antibiotic Resistance and Molecular Pathogenicity among Healthy Individuals Exposed and Not Exposed to Hospital Environment. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014;8(7):DC04-8. PMID: 25177563; https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2014/8409.4638. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2014/8409.4...
2014 |
India |
To examine the influence of exposure to the hospital environment on MRSA transportation, MRSA antimicrobial resistance patterns and presence of genes that encode five determinants of extracellular pathogenicity. |
Nostrils, throat and hand palms |
A10 |
Demirel et al.2020 Demirel G, Findik D, Dagi HT, Arslan U. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and genotypes among university students in Turkey. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2014;45(6):1401-9. PMID: 26466426. 2014 |
Turkey |
To investigate the prevalence of methicillin-sensitive (CA-MSSA) and resistant (CA-MRSA) S. aureus, including inducible sleepers (ID-MRSA), in S. aureus and MRSA strain genotypes from nasal cultures. |
Nostrils |
A11 |
Renushri et al.2121 Renushri BV, Saha A, Nagaraj ER, et al. Screening for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriers among individuals exposed and not exposed to the hospital environment and their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health. 2014;7(1):19-24. Available from: https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/503731. Accessed in 2021 (May 10). https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/50373...
2014 |
India |
To assess the influence of exposure to the hospital environment on MRSA transportation. |
Nostrils and throat |
A12 |
Ribeiro et al.2222 Ribeiro IF, Silva SFR, Silva SL, et al. Identificação de Staphylococcus aureus e Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina em estudantes universitários. Rev Ciênc Farm Básica Apl. 2014;35(2):299-302. Available from: https://rcfba.fcfar.unesp.br/index.php/ojs/article/view/145/143. Accessed in 2021 (May 10). https://rcfba.fcfar.unesp.br/index.php/o...
2014 |
Brazil |
To identify S. aureus and MRSA in university students. |
Nostrils and palm hands |
A13 |
Holý et al.2424 Holý O, Vlčková J, Matoušková I, Kolář M. Prevalence výskytu nosního nosičství kmenů Staphylococcus aureus a meticilin rezistentních kmenů S. aureus (MRSA) u studentů všeobecného lékařství LF UP v Olomouci [The prevalence of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) among general medicine students of the Palacky University Olomouc]. Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol. 2015;64(2):98-101. PMID: 26099614. 2015 |
Czech Republic |
To investigate the prevalence of nasal transportation of S. aureus and MRSA in healthy people aged 18–26 years. To find out whether the prevalence of nasal transportation strains of S. aureus and MRSA varies over the years of studies. To compare general medical students from year 1 and year 5 for nasal transportation of S. aureus and MRSA strains. |
Nostrils |
A14 |
Zakai et al.2323 Zakai SA. Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization among medical students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 2015;36(7):807-12. PMID: 26108584; https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2015.7.11609. https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2015.7.1160...
2015 |
Saudi Arabia |
To identify MRSA nasal carrier status among medical students during their clinical rotations. |
Nostrils |
A15 |
Collazos Marín et al.2525 Collazos Marín LF, Estupiñan Arciniegas G, Chavez Vivas M. Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates That Colonize Medical Students in a Hospital of the City of Cali, Colombia. Int J Microbiol. 2015;2015:358489. PMID: 26495001; https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/358489. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/358489...
2015 |
Colombia |
To establish the genetic diversity of S. aureus isolates and detect the presence of mecA gene in isolated strains in asymptomatic medical students who were in their clinical rotation phase in a hospital. |
Nostrils |
A16 |
Petti et al.2626 Petti S, Kakisina N, Volgenant CM, et al. Low methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage rate among Italian dental students. Am J Infect Control. 2015;43(12):e89-91. PMID: 26384585; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2015.08.008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2015.08.0...
2015 |
Italy |
To evaluate the MRSA carrier rate in a sample of dental students. |
Nostrils, throat and palm hands |
A17 |
Hogan et al.33 Hogan B, Rakotozandrindrainy R, Al-Emran H, et al. Prevalence of nasal colonisation by methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among healthcare workers and students in Madagascar. BMC Infect Dis. 2016;16(1):420. PMID: 27526771; https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-016-1733-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-016-1733-...
2016 |
Madagascar |
To examine the prevalence and clonal epidemiology of nasal S. aureus and MRSA among healthcare professionals and non-medical university students. |
Nostrils |
A18 |
Javaeed et al.2727 Javaeed A, Khan S, Haqsubhani RU, Ghauri SK, Jahan S. Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Prevalence of Nasal Carriage among Healthy MBBS Students of Continental Medical College, Lahore. P J M H S. 2016;10(3): 1057-9. Available from: https://pjmhsonline.com/2016/july_sep/pdf/1057.pdf. Accessed in 2021 (May 10). https://pjmhsonline.com/2016/july_sep/pd...
2016 |
Pakistan |
To assess the prevalence of MRSA transportation in healthy medical students. |
Nostrils |
A19 |
Subri et al.2828 Subri NIBM, Hlaing SS, Myint, T, et al. Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and Its Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern among Medical and Nursing Students. Asian J Pharm. 2016;10(4):736-40. https://dx.doi.org/10.22377/ajp.v10i04.917. https://dx.doi.org/10.22377/ajp.v10i04.9...
2016 |
Malaysia |
To determine the prevalence of nasal colonization of S. aureus and its susceptibility to antibiotics among pre-clinical and clinical physicians and nursing students. |
Nostrils |
A20 |
Ansari et al.2929 Ansari S, Gautam R, Shrestha S, et al. Risk factors assessment for nasal colonization of Staphylococcus aureus and its methicillin resistant strains among pre-clinical medical students of Nepal. BMC Res Notes. 2016;9:214. PMID: 27068121; https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-016-2021-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-016-2021-...
2016 |
Nepal |
To evaluate the rate of nasal colonization of S. aureus, its methicillin-resistant strains and risk factors in medical students before clinical exposure. |
Nostrils |
A21 |
Okamo et al.3030 Okamo B, Moremi N, Seni J, et al. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage among pre-clinical and clinical medical students in a Tanzanian University. BMC Res Notes. 2016;9:47. PMID: 26817605; https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-016-1858-0. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-016-1858-...
2016 |
Tanzania |
To determine the prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA nasal transportation among medical students, and the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated profiles of S. aureus, and to verify the association of S. aureus nasal transportation with demographic and clinical characteristics. |
Nostrils |
A22 |
Baek et al.3131 Baek YS, Baek SH, Yoo YJ. Higher nasal carriage rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among dental students who have clinical experience. J Am Dent Assoc. 2016 May;147(5):348-53. PMID: 26778005; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2015.12.004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2015.12.0...
2016 |
South Korea |
To determine the prevalence rate of nasal colonization by MRSA among dental students and identify the characteristics of the strains isolated. |
Nostrils |
A23 |
Radhakrishna et al.3232 Radhakrishna M, Taneja A, Rao P. Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus with special emphasis on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among students of a south Indian medical college - prevalence and antibiogram pattern. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2016;9(8):129-32. https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9s2.13274. https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9s2...
2016 |
India |
To establish the prevalence and pattern of S. aureus antibiograms, with special emphasis on MRSA among students of the second year. |
Nostrils |
A24 |
Abroo et al.77 Abroo S, Hosseini Jazani N, Sharifi Y. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage between healthy students of medical and nonmedical universities. Am J Infect Control. 2017;45(7):709-12. PMID: 28359610; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2017.02.034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2017.02.0...
2017 |
Iran |
To investigate the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular factors characteristic of CA (community acquired) MRSA among two groups of college students (medical and non-medical). |
Nostrils |
A25 |
Budri et al.3333 Budri PE, Shore AC, Coleman DC, et al. Observational cross-sectional study of nasal staphylococcal species of medical students of diverse geographical origin, prior to healthcare exposure: prevalence of SCCmec, fusC, fusB and the arginine catabolite mobile element (ACME) in the absence of selective antibiotic pressure. BMJ Open. 2018 Apr 20;8(4):e020391. PMID: 29678979; http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-0...
2018 |
Ireland |
To investigate co-located nasal Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), recovered from healthy medical students in a preclinical year and the transportation of genes and common elements to both species that may contribute to the evolution of S. aureus and MRSA. |
Nostrils |
A26 |
Al-Tamimi et al.3434 Al-Tamimi M, Himsawi N, Abu-Raideh J, Jazar DA, Al-jawaldeh H, Mahmoud SAH. Nasal colonization by methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among medical students. J Infect Dev Ctries 2018; 12(5):326-35. https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.9908 https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.9908...
2018 |
Jordan |
To investigate the prevalence, standard antimicrobial susceptibility, antibiotic resistance genes and risk factors of medical students with MRSA. |
Nostrils |
A27 |
Suhaili et al.3535 Suhaili Z, Rafee P’, Mat Azis N, et al. Characterization of resistance to selected antibiotics and Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive Staphylococcus aureus in a healthy student population at a Malaysian University. Germs. 2018;8(1):21-30. PMID: 29564245; https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2018.1129. https://doi.org/10.18683/germs.2018.1129...
2018 |
Malaysia |
To evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of S. aureus strains isolated from university students and to determine the prevalence of resistance to constitutive and inducible clindamycin, in which the latter would be capable of causing therapeutic failure due to false in vitro susceptibility to clindamycin. |
Nostrils |
A28 |
Onanuga et al.3636 Onanuga A, Eboh DD, Okou GT. Antibiogram and Virulence Characteristics of Multi-drug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Nasal Cavity of Healthy Students of Niger Delta University, Amassoma, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2019;13(7):24-9. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2019/41396.13031. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2019/41396....
2019 |
Nigeria |
To determine the antibiogram and the virulent characteristics of nasal S. aureus, accessing its profile of resistance to antibiotics and potential pathogens in healthy students at the University of the Niger Delta, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. |
Nostrils |
A29 |
Szymanek-Majchrzak et al.3737 Szymanek-Majchrzak K, Kosiński J, Żak K, et al. Prevalence of methicillin resistant and mupirocin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains among medical students of Medical University in Warsaw. Przegl Epidemiol. 2019;73(1):39-48. PMID: 31134773; https://doi.org/10.32394/pe.73.05. https://doi.org/10.32394/pe.73.05...
2019 |
Poland |
To evaluate and compare the level of colonization of S. aureus (MRSA or MSSA) among medical students and evaluate the sensitivity of the strains. |
Nostrils |
A30 |
Efa et al.55 Efa F, Alemu Y, Beyene G, Gudina EK, Kebede W. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage among medical students of Jimma University, Southwest Ethiopia. Heliyon. 2019;5(1):e01191. PMID: 30775580; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e...
2019 |
Ethiopia |
To determine the nasal transportation of MRSA and its antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among medical students at the Jimma University Medical Center (JUMC), southwestern Ethiopia. |
Nostrils |