RELIGIOUSITY, SPIRITUALITY AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF ELDERLY ACCORDING TO STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING

Molina, Nayara Paula Fernandes Martins; Tavares, Darlene Mara dos Santos; Haas, Vanderlei Jose; Rodrigues, Leiner Resende

doi:10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2018-0468

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Original Article • Texto contexto - enferm. 29 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2018-0468 copy

RELIGIOUSITY, SPIRITUALITY AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF ELDERLY ACCORDING TO STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING

RELIGIOSIDAD, ESPIRITUALIDAD Y CALIDAD DE VIDA DE LOS ANCIANOS SEGÚN EL MODELO DE ECUACIÓN ESTRUCTURA

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

to analyze the relationship of sociodemographic predictors, morbidities, depression indicative score, as well as the mediating role of religiosity, spirituality and personal beliefs about quality of life.

Method:

cross-sectional study conducted between March and July 2016, with 613 elderly, applying the instruments; Spirituality, Religiousness and Personal Beliefs of World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire, Brief version of World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire and World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment for Older Adults. In the data analysis, through Statistical Package for Social Sciences, absolute and relative frequency, measures of central tendency and variability and modeling with structural equations involving exogenous and endogenous latent constructs were used to highlight the mediating role of religiosity, spirituality and beliefs between the indicative of depression and quality of life (p≤0.005).

Results:

females, 60┤70 years old, married, with 4├7 years of schooling, income of one minimum wage, 6.16±3.70 morbidities and average of 3.84±3.01 for the indicative depression score prevailed. The highest score was for the connection with spiritual being or strength facet, Social Relations domain and Intimacy; Totality and integration facet, the Environment domain and the Death and dying facet had the lowest scores. There was a mediating function of religiosity, spirituality and personal beliefs, between the indicative depression score and the quality of life.

Conclusion:

it is necessary to invest in the practice of religiosity, spirituality and personal beliefs, as a health strategy, since they have shown an impact on the decrease of depression and a significant increase in quality of life.

DESCRIPTORS:
Health of the elderly; Religion; Spirituality; Depression; Quality of life

Religiosity, Spirituality and Personal Beliefs	Minimum	Maximum	Average	Median	Standard deviation
Connection with spiritual being or force	4	20	17.04	16.00	2.86
Meaning in life	4	20	16.06	16.00	2.63
Admiration	4	20	16.37	16.00	2.60
Totality and integration	4	20	15.53	16.00	2.62
Spiritual strength	4	20	16.52	16.00	2.59
Inner peace	4	20	15.54	16.00	2.76
Hope and optimism	4	20	15.75	16.00	2.74
Faith	4	20	17.01	16.00	2.42
WHOQOL-BREF†
Physical	4	100	61.81	64.29	17.96
Psychological	4	100	65.33	66.67	14.70
Social relationships	8	100	72.73	75.00	14.49
Environment	13	100	61.34	62.50	12.73
WHOQOL-OLD‡
Sensory Functioning	6	94	35.06	31.25	18.21
Autonomy	6	100	65.25	68.75	15.98
Past, present and future activities	13	100	66.26	68.75	14.66
Social participation	0	100	62.79	68.75	16.25
Death and dying	0	100	23.92	18.75	25.41
Intimacy	0	100	71.33	75.00	16.72

Variables			Nonstandard regression coefficient	Standardized regression coefficient	Standard error	Critical Reason	p
Depression score	🠘	Nº of diseases	0.27	0.34	0.03	8.87	<0.001
Religiosity, spirituality and personal beliefs	🠘	Depression score	-0.06	-0.41	0.01	-9.94	<0.001
Religiosity, spirituality and personal beliefs	🠘	Socioeconomic condition	-2.34	-0.40	0.83	-2.81	0.005
Religiosity, spirituality and personal beliefs	🠘	Nº of diseases	0.01	0.10	0.01	2.43	0.015
Overall quality of life	🠘	Religiosity, spirituality and personal beliefs	7.10	0.34	0.82	8.65	<0.001
Overall quality of life	🠘	Socioeconomic condition	1.00	0.01	-	-	-
Overall quality of life	🠘	Depression score	-1.60	-0.50	0.14	-11.28	<0.001
Overall quality of life	🠘	Nº of diseases	-0.49	-0.20	0.08	-5.86	<0.001
Faith Facet	🠘	Religiosity, spirituality and personal beliefs	1.00	0.81	-	-	-
Hope and optimism facet	🠘	Religiosity, spirituality and personal beliefs	1.10	0.77	0.06	17.98	<0.001
Inner Peace Facet	🠘	Religiosity, spirituality and personal beliefs	0.96	0.66	0.06	16.97	<0.001
Spiritual Strength Facet	🠘	Religiosity, spirituality and personal beliefs	1.14	0.83	0.05	22.90	<0.001
Totality and integration facet	🠘	Religiosity, spirituality and personal beliefs	1.05	0.75	0.05	20.20	<0.001
Admiration Facet	🠘	Religiosity, spirituality and personal beliefs	0.88	0.65	0.05	17.14	<0.001
Meaning in life Facet	🠘	Religiosity, spirituality and personal beliefs	0.97	0.68	0.05	18.16	<0.001
Connection with spiritual being or strength Facet	🠘	Religiosity, spirituality and personal beliefs	1.13	0.74	0.06	19.44	<0.001
Intimacy Facet	🠘	Overall quality of life	1.00	0.57	-	-	-
Death and dying facet	🠘	Overall quality of life	-0.44	-0.16	0.11	-3.82	<0.001
Social Participation Facet	🠘	Overall quality of life	1.35	0.74	0.11	12.83	<0.001
Past, present, and future activities facet	🠘	Overall quality of life	1.26	0.79	0.09	13.75	<0.001
Autonomy facet	🠘	Overall quality of life	1.23	0.59	0.09	14.26	<0.001
Sensory Function Facet	🠘	Overall quality of life	-1.00	-0.32	0.08	11.87	<0.001
Physical Domain	🠘	Overall quality of life	1.03	0.71	0.07	13.49	<0.001
Social Relations Domain	🠘	Overall quality of life	0.96	0.56	0.07	12.77	<0.001
Psychological domain	🠘	Overall quality of life	1.28	0.82	0.09	14.69	<0.001
Physical Domain	🠘	Overall quality of life	1.45	0.76	0.10	13.93	<0.001
Have income	🠘	Socioeconomic condition	1.00	0.27	-	-	-
Have schooling	🠘	Socioeconomic condition	-0.51	-0.11	.34	-1.50	0.133
Age	🠘	Socioeconomic condition	22.11	0.23	8.88	2.49	0.013
Sex	🠘	Socioeconomic condition	2.41	0.40	0.84	2.85	0.004

Variables	Determination coefficient
Depression score	0.11
Religiosity, spirituality and personal beliefs	0.31
Quality of life	0.53
Sex	0.17
Age	0.05
Have schooling	0.01
Have income	0.06
Physical Domain	0.60
Psychological domain	0.67
Social Relations Domain	0.31
Environment Domain	0.51
Facet Sensory Function Facet	0.11
Autonomy facet	0.35
Past, Present, and Future Activities Facet	0.62
Social Participation Facet	0.54
Death and dying facet	0.03
Intimacy Facet	0.28
Connection with spiritual being or strength Facet	0.55
Meaning in life Facet	0.46
Admiration Facet	0.42
Totality and integration Facet	0.55
Spiritual Strength Facet	0.71
Peace Facet	0.42
Hope and optimism facet	059
Faith Facet	0.67

Covariances between errors			Nonstandard regression covariances	Standardized Regression Correlations	Standard error	Critical Reason	p
e4	<-->	e3	23.82	0.22	4.67	5.09	<0.001
e7	<-->	e1	-34.40	-0.33	5.21	-6.60	<0.001
e5	<-->	e1	-31.76	-0.16	9.12	-3.48	<0.001
e8	<-->	e6	27.88	0.20	6.40	4.35	<0.001
e10	<-->	e3	34.44	0.21	6.91	4.98	<0.001
e17	<-->	e11	-0.09	-0.44	0.01	-7.62	<0.001
e17	<-->	e16	0.03	0.17	0.01	3.01	0.003
e14	<-->	e13	0.05	0.27	0.01	5.91	<0.001
e17	<-->	e15	-006	-0.39	0.01	-6.13	<0.001
e16	<-->	e11	-0.04	-0.16	0.01	-3.51	<0.001
e16	<-->	e14	0.03	0.13	0.01	3.10	0.002
e18	<-->	e17	-0.03	-0.24	0.01	-3.98	<0.001
e7	<-->	e5	21.53	0.14	7.03	3.06/	0.002

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[1] CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Nayara Paula Fernandes Martins Molina nayara.pfmartins@gmail.com