FACTORS ASSOCIATED TO ALCOHOL USE BY ADOLESCENTS

Almeida, Camila Souza de; Abreu, Mery Natali Silva; Andrade, Silmara Nunes; Lana, Francisco Carlos Félix

doi:10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2019-0008

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Original Article • Texto contexto - enferm. 30 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2019-0008 linkcopy

FACTORS ASSOCIATED TO ALCOHOL USE BY ADOLESCENTS

FACTORES ASOCIADOS AL CONSUMO DE ALCOHOL POR PARTE DE ADOLESCENTES

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Objective to analyze the association between alcohol use by adolescents and environmental, family and social relations factors.

Method and epidemiological study, of the cross-sectional cohort type, with a sample consisting of 303 students from the Brazilian 9^thgrade of elementary level of public and private schools in Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data was collected through the replication of the “General Information” and “Use of Alcohol” modules from the National Survey of School Health - 2015. The answer variable was alcohol consumption in life, associating it with explanatory variables related to: living with parents, maternal schooling, administrative dependency of the school, alcohol use by friends, and future perspectives. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used using Pearson's chi-square tests and Poisson's model for robust variances.

Results an association was found in the multivariate analysis between consumption of beverages and intending to study only until high school or technical school (p=0.007), continuing to study and work (p=0.003), not living with parents (p=0.010), and having friends who make use alcohol (p=0.009).

Conclusion social relationships were the most relevant factor for alcohol consumption by adolescents, mainly influenced by friends who use it and by the interpersonal relationships established by them.

DESCRIPTORS
Adolescents; Cross-sectional studies; School health services; Adolescent behavior; Disorders related to substance use; Alcoholism

Variable	n	%
Administrative dependency
State	218	71.9
Private	25	8.3
Municipal	60	19.8
Gender*
Male	158	52.3
Female	144	47.7
Skin color†
White	118	39.6
Black	34	11.4
Asian	11	3.7
Brown	128	43.0
Indigenous	7	2.3
Age*
13 years old	9	3.0
14 years old	216	71.8
15 years old	58	19.3
16 years old	12	4.0
17 years old	5	1.7
19 years old or more	1	0.3
Full-time‡
Yes	18	6.2
Maternal schooling§
Up to elementary school	74	34.7
High School	68	31.9
Higher Educ.	71	33.3

	Total Frequency	Prevalence of alcohol use	p-value	PR [95%CI]
Administrative dependency
Private	25 (8.3%)	8 (32.0%)	0.055	1
Public	278 (91.7%)	142 (52.0%)		1.63 [0.91; 2.91]
Gender
Female	144 (47.7%)	66 (46.2%)	0.166	1
Male	158 (52.3%)	84 (54.2%)		1.17 [0.93; 1.48]
Expected schooling
Postgraduate course	162 (54.7%)	76 (47.2%)	0.052
Upper	46 (15.5%)	20 (43.5%)		0.92 [0.64; 1.33]
Up to high-technical school	42 (14.2%)	28 (70.0%)		1.48 [1.14; 1.92]
Does not know	46 (15.5%)	24 (52.2%)		1.11 [0.80; 1.52]
Pretension after school cycle
Only continue studying	42 (14.2%)	9 (21.4%)	0.001	1
Only work	19 (6.4%)	12 (66.7%)		3.11 [1.60; 6.06]
Study and work	180 (60.8%)	98 (54.7%)		2.55 [1.41; 4.63]
Pursue another plan	17 (5.7%)	7 (41.2%)		1.92 [0.85; 4.33]
I don't know	38 (12.8%)	20 (55.6%)		2.59 [1.35; 4.96]
Have some job
No	238 (79.3%)	111 (47.2%)	0.036	1
Yes	62 (20.7%)	38 (62.3%)		1.32 [1.04; 1.67]
Remuneration
No	237 (79.3%)	111 (47.4%)	0.066	1
Yes	62 (20.7%)	37 (60.7%)		1.27 [1.01; 1.63]
Maternal schooling
Up to elementary school	74 (34.7%)	39 (53.4%)	0.485	1
High School	68 (31.9%)	29 (43.3%)		0.81 [0.57; 1.15]
Higher Educ.	71 (33.3%)	34 (47.9%)		0.90 [0.65; 1.24]
Who do you live with
Mother and father	190 (64.0%)	86 (45.7%)	0.023	1
Only mother	95 (32.0%)	51 (54.8%)		1.20 [0.94; 1.53]
Neither father nor mother	12 (4.0%)	10 (83.3%)		1.82 [1.35; 2.45]
Friends who drink
No	24 (8.8%)	3 (13.0%)	< 0.001	1
Yes	249 (91.2%)	139 (56.0%)		4.30 [1.48; 12.44]

	n	%
Drank one dose of alcoholic beverage
No	150	50.3
Yes	148	49.7
Age when started drinking
Mean ± standard deviation	12.8 ± 1.9
Median (minimum - maximum)	13 (7 - 16)
How many days did you drink in the last 30 days
None	227	76.9
1 or more days	68	23.1
How many glasses have you drunk in the last 30 days
None	223	75.6
Less than a glass	47	15.9
1 glass or 1 dose or more	25	8.5
How many times did you get drunk in your life
None	236	81.4
1 or 2 times	31	10.7
3 or more times	23	7.9
How many times in your life did you have problems because of alcohol
None	273	91.9
1 or more times	24	8.0
Friends who drink
No	24	8.8
Yes	249	91.2

Variable	p-value	PR [95%CI]
Expected schooling
Postgraduate course		1
Higher Educ.	0.452	0.86 [0.58; 1.28]
Up to high-technical school	0.007	1.47 [1.11; 1.94]
Does not know	0.271	1.19 [0.87; 1.61]
Pretension after school cycle
Only continue studying		1
Only work	0.067	1.94 [0.95; 3.95]
Study and work	0.003	2.36 [1.33; 4.19]
Pursue another plan	0.141	1.82 [0.82; 4.05]
I don't know	0.011	2.30 [1.21; 4.38]
Have some job
No		1
Yes	< 0.001	1.87 [1.54; 2.28]
Who do you live with
Mother and father		1
Only mother	0.281	3.87 [0.89; 1.47]
Neither father nor mother	0.010	1.44 [1.09; 1.90]
Friends who drink
No		1
Yes	0.009	3.87 [1.40; 10.66]

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Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós Graduação em Enfermagem Campus Universitário Trindade, 88040-970 Florianópolis - Santa Catarina - Brasil, Tel.: (55 48) 3721-4915 / (55 48) 3721-9043 - Florianópolis - SC - Brazil
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[TFN1] *1 interviewee without information (0.3%); †5 interviewees without information (1.7%); ‡11 interviewees without information (3.6%); §7 interviewees without information (2.3%).