The construction of threats and enemies in US presidential discourses (1993-2013)

A construção de ameaças e inimigos nos discursos presidenciais dos EUA (1993-2013)

La construcción de amenazas y enemigos en los discursos presidenciales estadounidenses (1993-2013)

ABSTRACT

The construction of threats and enemies is a constant in international politics, and presidential rhetoric plays an important role in this process. In this article, we show how recent US presidential speeches articulate narratives and representations of threats and enemies. We will focus on the State of the Union addresses given by Bill Clinton (1993-2001), George W. Bush (2001-2009), and Barack Obama (2009-2013), thus encompassing 20 years of US foreign policy agenda. To do so, we will use two discourse analysis techniques. The first will highlights processes of linking and differentiation inherent to identities while the second, from the field of narratology, is employed to identify the narrative grammar that underpins the roles performed in narratives. We will show that rather than fixed, stable categories, threats and enemies are constantly in flux, being constructed against a permanent state of crisis.

Keywords:
United States; discourse; foreign policy; threats and enemies