Retirement Well-Being: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Amorim, Silvia Miranda; França, Lucia Helena de Freitas Pinho

doi:10.9788/TP2019.1-12

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Article • Trends Psychol. 27 (1) • Jan-Mar 2019 • https://doi.org/10.9788/TP2019.1-12 copy

Retirement Well-Being: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Bem-Estar na Aposentadoria: Uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura

Bienestar en la Jubilación: Una Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The objective of this systematic literature review was to investigate the variables that would improve well-being in retirement by analyzing relevant empirical studies. In the literature search, six keywords (retirement, positive psychology, well-being, satisfaction, happiness and quality of life) were used in six international academic portals. This search identified 403 articles, and those meeting the pre-established inclusion criteria were extracted. The 55 articles selected were analyzed based on nine categories: language, year, journal, country, objective, dependent variable, instruments, independent variables and results. The studies had a longitudinal, transversal design or reported on instrument creation and validation. The literature review pointed out a large number of variables, confirming the multidimensionality of the constructs. Aspects highlighted include health, economic situation, gender, marital status, interpersonal relationships, whether retirement was voluntary, retirement duration and leisure activities. A compilation of variables and an agenda for future studies are proposed based on the results of this review.

Keywords:
Retirement; well-being; systematic literature review

	Authors/Year of publication	Dependent variable	Instrument
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	Price & Joo (2005)Price, C. A., & Joo, E. (2005). Exploring the relationship between marital status and women's retirement satisfaction. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 61(1), 37-55. doi: 10.2190/AG.68.3.b https://doi.org/10.2190/AG.68.3.b...	Satisfaction with retirement.	Retirement Satisfactory Inventory - RSI (Floyd et al., 1992Floyd, F. J., Haynes, S. N., Doll, E. R., Winemiller, D., Lemsky, C., Burgy, T. M., Werle, M., & Heilman, N. (1992). Assessing retirement satisfaction and perceptions of retirement experiences. Psychology and Aging, 4(2), 609-621. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.7.4.609 https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.7.4.60... )
	Quick & Moen (1998)Quick, H. E., & Moen, P. (1998). Gender, employment, and retirement quality: A life course approach to the differential experiences of men and women. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 3(1), 44-64. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9552271 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9552...	Satisfaction with retirement.	1 question
	Robbins, Lee, & Wan (1994)Robbins, S. B., Lee, R. M., & Wan, T. T. H. (1994). Goal continuity as a mediator of early retirement adjustment: Testing a multidimensional model. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 41(1), 18-26. doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.41.1.18 https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.41.1.1...	Satisfaction with retirement.	Life Satisfaction Index (Neugarten et al., 1961Neugarten, B. L., Havighurst, R. J., & Tobin, S. S. (1961). The measurement of life satisfaction. Journal of Gerontology, 16(2), 134-143. doi: 10.1093/geronj/16.2.134 https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/16.2.134... )
	Seccombe & Lee (1986)Seccombe, K., & Lee, G. R. (1986). Gender differences in retirement satisfaction and its antecedents. Research on Aging, 8(3), 426-440. doi: 10.1177/0164027586008003005 https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027586008003...	Satisfaction with retirement.	2 questions
	Sener, Terzioglu, & Karabulut (2007)Sener, A. Terzioglu, R. G., & Karabulut, E. (2007). Life satisfaction and leisure activities during men's retirement: A Turkish sample. Aging & Mental Health, 11(1), 30-36. doi: 10.1080/13607860600736349 https://doi.org/10.1080/1360786060073634...	Satisfaction with life	Life Satisfaction Index (Neugarten et al., 1961Neugarten, B. L., Havighurst, R. J., & Tobin, S. S. (1961). The measurement of life satisfaction. Journal of Gerontology, 16(2), 134-143. doi: 10.1093/geronj/16.2.134 https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/16.2.134... )
	Siguaw et al. (2016)Siguaw, J. A., Sheng, X., & Simpson, P. M. (2016). Biopsychosocial and retirement factors influencing satisfaction with life: New perspectives. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 1-22. doi: 10.1177/0091415016685833 https://doi.org/10.1177/0091415016685833...	Satisfaction with life	Satisfaction with life scale (Diener et al., 1985Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffn, S. (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-4. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13 https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901... )
	Smith & Moen (2004)Smith, D. B., & Moen, P. (2004). Retirement satisfaction for retirees and their spouses: Do gender and the retirement decision-making process matter? Journal of Family Issues, 25(2), 262-285. doi: 10.1177/0192513X03257366 https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X03257366...	Satisfaction with retirement.	1 question
	Stephan, Fouquereau, & Fernandez (2008a)Stephan, Y., Fouquereau, E., & Fernandez, A. (2008a). Body satisfaction and retirement satisfaction: The mediational role of subjective health. Aging & Mental Health, 12(3), 374-381. doi: 10.1080/13607860802120839 https://doi.org/10.1080/1360786080212083...	Satisfaction with retirement.	Retirement Satisfactory Inventory - RSI (Floyd et al., 1992Floyd, F. J., Haynes, S. N., Doll, E. R., Winemiller, D., Lemsky, C., Burgy, T. M., Werle, M., & Heilman, N. (1992). Assessing retirement satisfaction and perceptions of retirement experiences. Psychology and Aging, 4(2), 609-621. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.7.4.609 https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.7.4.60... )
	Stephan, Fouquereau, & Fernandez (2008b)Stephan, Y., Fouquereau, E., & Fernandez, A. (2008b). The relation between self-determination and retirement satisfaction among active retirement individuals. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 66(4), 329-345. doi: 10.2190/AG.66.4.d https://doi.org/10.2190/AG.66.4.d...	Satisfaction with life	Retirement Satisfactory Inventory - RSI (Floyd et al., 1992Floyd, F. J., Haynes, S. N., Doll, E. R., Winemiller, D., Lemsky, C., Burgy, T. M., Werle, M., & Heilman, N. (1992). Assessing retirement satisfaction and perceptions of retirement experiences. Psychology and Aging, 4(2), 609-621. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.7.4.609 https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.7.4.60... )
	Wang, Wu, & Wu (2013)Wang, W., Wu, C., & Wu, C. (2013). Free time management makes better retirement: A case study of retirees' quality of life in Taiwan. Applied Research Quality Life, 9, 591-604. doi: 10.1007/s11482-013-9256-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-013-9256-...	Quality of life	World Health Organization Quality of Life Group scale (WHOQOL, 1998World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Group. (1998). The World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL): Development and general psychometric properties. Social Science & Medicine, 46(12), 1569-1585. doi: 10.1016/S0277-9536(98)00009-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(98)00... )
	Zhang, Tao, Ueda, Wei, & Fang (2013)Zhang, S., Tao, F., Ueda, A., Wei, C., & Fang, J. (2013). The inﬂuence of health-promoting lifestyles on the quality of life of retired workers in a medium-sized city of Northeastern China. Environmental Health Preventive Medicine, 18(6), 458-465. doi: 10.1007/s12199-013-0342-x https://doi.org/10.1007/s12199-013-0342-...	Quality of life	WHOQOL scale (1998)World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Group. (1998). The World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL): Development and general psychometric properties. Social Science & Medicine, 46(12), 1569-1585. doi: 10.1016/S0277-9536(98)00009-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(98)00...
*iii*	Bigot (1974)Bigot, A. (1974). The relevance of American life satisfaction indices for research on British subjects before and after retirement. Age and Ageing, 3(2), 113-121. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4855052 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4855...	Satisfaction with life	Life Satisfaction Index (Neugarten et al., 1961Neugarten, B. L., Havighurst, R. J., & Tobin, S. S. (1961). The measurement of life satisfaction. Journal of Gerontology, 16(2), 134-143. doi: 10.1093/geronj/16.2.134 https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/16.2.134... )
	Floyd et al. (1992)Floyd, F. J., Haynes, S. N., Doll, E. R., Winemiller, D., Lemsky, C., Burgy, T. M., Werle, M., & Heilman, N. (1992). Assessing retirement satisfaction and perceptions of retirement experiences. Psychology and Aging, 4(2), 609-621. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.7.4.609 https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.7.4.60...	Satisfaction with retirement.	RSI (Floyd et al., 1992Floyd, F. J., Haynes, S. N., Doll, E. R., Winemiller, D., Lemsky, C., Burgy, T. M., Werle, M., & Heilman, N. (1992). Assessing retirement satisfaction and perceptions of retirement experiences. Psychology and Aging, 4(2), 609-621. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.7.4.609 https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.7.4.60... )
	Fouquereau et al. (1999)Fouquereau, E., Fernández, A., & Mullet, E. (1999). The Retirement Satisfactory Inventory: Factor structure in a French sample. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 15(1), 49-56. doi: 10.1027//1015-5759.15.1.49 https://doi.org/10.1027//1015-5759.15.1....	Satisfaction with retirement.	RSI (Floyd et al., 1992Floyd, F. J., Haynes, S. N., Doll, E. R., Winemiller, D., Lemsky, C., Burgy, T. M., Werle, M., & Heilman, N. (1992). Assessing retirement satisfaction and perceptions of retirement experiences. Psychology and Aging, 4(2), 609-621. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.7.4.609 https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.7.4.60... )
	Leung & Earl (2012)Leung, C. S. Y., & Earl, J. K. (2012). Retirement Resources Inventory: Construction, factor structure and psychometric properties. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 81, 171-182. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2012.06.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2012.06.00...	Satisfaction with retirement.	10 items for RSI (Floyd et al., 1992Floyd, F. J., Haynes, S. N., Doll, E. R., Winemiller, D., Lemsky, C., Burgy, T. M., Werle, M., & Heilman, N. (1992). Assessing retirement satisfaction and perceptions of retirement experiences. Psychology and Aging, 4(2), 609-621. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.7.4.609 https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.7.4.60... )
	Michinov, Fouquerau, & Fernandez (2008)Michinov, E., Fouquerau, E., & Fernandez, A. (2008). Retirees' social identity and satisfaction with retirement. International Journal in Aging and Human Development, 66(3), 175-194. doi: 10.2190/AG.66.3.a https://doi.org/10.2190/AG.66.3.a...	Satisfaction with retirement.	1 question

	Authors/Year of publication	Independent variables
i	Barrett & Kecmanovic (2013)Barrett, G. F., & Kecmanovic, M. (2013). Changes in subjective well-being with retirement: Assessing savings adequacy. Applied Economics, 45(35), 4883-4893. doi: 10.1080/00036846.2013.806786 https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2013.80...	Economic situation, time to retire, health, health of the partner, loss of job, voluntary retirement.
	Bell (1978)Bell, B. D. (1978). Life satisfaction and occupational retirement: Beyond the impact year. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 9(1), 31-50. doi: 10.2190/WK6A-6WXQ-6EWF-TWEG https://doi.org/10.2190/WK6A-6WXQ-6EWF-T...	Voluntary work, family relationship, compulsory retirement.
	Burr et al. (2009)Burr, A., Santo, J. B., & Pushkar, D. (2009). Affective well-being in retirement: The inﬂuence of values, money, and health across three years. Journal of Happiness Studies, 12(1), 17-40. doi: 10.1007/s10902-009-9173-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-009-9173-...	Gender, economic situation, feeling lonely, self-transcendence, openness to change, conservation of values.
	Calvo et al. (2009)Calvo, E., Haverstick, K., & Sass, S. A. (2009). Gradual retirement, sense of control, and retirees' happiness. Research on Aging, 31(1), 112-135. doi: 10.1177/0164027508324704 https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027508324704...	Involuntary retirement, health, loss of partner.
	Coursolle et al. (2010)Coursolle, K. M., Sweeney, M. M., Raymo, J. M., & Ho, J.-H. (2010). The association between retirement and emotional well-being: Does prior work-family conflict matter? Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 65B(5), 609-620d doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbp116 https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbp116...	Interference of work in the family, conjugal relationship, having children living at home, self-employment, sex, health.
	Dingemans & Henkens (2015)Dingemans, E., & Henkens, K. (2015). How do retirement dynamics influence mental well-being in later life? A 10-year panel study. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 41(1), 16-23. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3464 https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3464...	Bridge employment, age, economic situation, health, conjugal status, voluntary retirement
	Gall & Evans (2000)Gall, T. L., & Evans, D. (2000). Preretirement expectations and the quality of life of male retirees in later retirement. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 32(3), 187-197. doi: 10.1037/h0087115 https://doi.org/10.1037/h0087115...	Activities done, economic status, health, interpersonal relationships.
	Gall et al. (1997)Gall, T. L., Evans, D. R., & Howard, J. (1997). The retirement adjustment process: Changes in the well-being of male retirees across time. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 52(3), 110-117. doi: 10.1093/geronb/52B.3.P110 https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/52B.3.P11...	Activities done, economic status, interpersonal relationships, health.
	Hershey & Henkens (2013)Hershey, D. A., & Henkens, K. (2013). Impact of different types of retirement transitions of perceived satisfaction with life. The Gerontologist, 1, 1-13. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnt006 https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnt006...	Job position before retirement, level of formal education, health, volunteer for retirement.
	Herzog et al. (1991)Herzog, A. R., House, J. S., & Morgan, J. N. (1991). Relation of work and retirement to health and well-being in older age. Psychology and Aging, 6(2), 202-211. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1863389 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1863...	Volunteer for retirement.
	Ju et al. (2016)Ju, Y., Han, K., Lee, H., Lee, J. E., Choi, J. W., Hyun, I. S., & Park, E. (2016). Quality of life and national pension receipt after retirement among older adults. Geriatrics and gerontology, 17(8), 1205-1213. doi: 10.1111/ggi.12846 https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.12846...	Economic status.
	Kim & Moen (2002)Kim, J. E., & Moen, P. (2002). Retirement transitions, gender, and psychological well-Being: A life-course, ecological model. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 57B(3), P212-P222. doi: 10.1093/geronb/57.3.P212 https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/57.3.P212...	Time for retirement, sex, retirement of partner, self-control, conjugal relationship, health, and economic status.
	Kubicek et al. (2011)Kubicek, B., Korunka, C., Raymo, J. M., & Hoonakker, P. (2011). Psychological well-being in retirement: The effects of personal and gendered contextual resources. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 16(2), 230-246. doi: 10.1037/a0022334 https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022334...	Exercise, satisfaction with previous job, economic status, interpersonal relationship, sex.
	Latif (2011)Latif, E. (2011). The impact of retirement on psychological well-being in Canada. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 40, 373-380. doi: 10.1016/j.socec.2010.12.011 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2010.12....	Economic status, health, conjugal status.
	Martin et al. (2013)Martin, L. A., Fogarty, G. J., & Albion, M. J. (2013). Changes in athletic identity and life satisfaction of elite athletes as a function of retirement status. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 26(1), 96-110. doi: 10.1080/10413200.2013.798371 https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2013.79...	Volunteer for retirement.
	Pinquart & Schindler (2007)Pinquart, M., & Schindler, I. (2007). Changes of life satisfaction in the transition to retirement: A latent-class approach. Psychology and aging, 22(3), 442-455. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.22.3.442 https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.22.3.4...	Age in retirement, sex, economic status, conjugal status, health, leisure activities, time for retirement.
	Platts et al. (2015)Platts, L. G., Webb, E., Zins, M., Goldberg, M., & Netuveli, G. (2015). Mid-life occupational grade and quality of life following retirement: A 16-year follow-up of the French study. Aging & Mental Health, 19(7), 634-646. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2014.955458 https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2014.95...	Mental health, physical health, interpersonal relationship, economic status.
	Wang (2007)Wang, M. (2007). Profiling retirees in the retirement transition and adjustment process: Examining the longitudinal change patterns of retirees' psychological well-being. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(2), 455-474. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.92.2.455 https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.2.4...	Bridge employment, planning for retirement, conjugal status, satisfaction with previous job.
	Yeung (2013)Yeung, D. Y. (2013). Is pre-retirement planning always good? An exploratory study of retirement adjustment among Hong Kong Chinese retirees. Aging & Mental Health, 17(3), 386-393. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2012.732036 https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2012.73...	Planning for retirement.
ii	Amorim et al. (2017)Amorim, S. M., França, L. H. F. P., & Valentini, F. (2017). Predictors of happiness among retired from urban and rural areas in Brazil. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 30(2), 1-8. doi: 10.1186/s41155-016-0055-3 https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-016-0055-...	Interpersonal relationships, health, demographic density in place of residence.
	Austrom et al. (2003)Austrom, M. G., Perkins, A. J., Damush, T. M., & Hendrie, H. C. (2003). Predictor of life satisfaction in retired physicians and spouses. Social Psychiatry Psychiatric Epidemiology, 38, 134-141. doi: 10.1007/s00127-003-0610-y https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-003-0610-...	Health, optimism, economic status, time for leisure activities and hobbies, time for retirement, conjugal relationship.
	Brajkovic et al. (2011)Brajkovic, L., Gregurek, R., Kuevi, Z., Ratkovi, A. S., Bras, M., & Dordevie, V. (2011). Life Satisfaction in Persons of the Third Age after Retirement. Collegium Antropologicum, 35(3), 665-671. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22053539 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2205...	Having children, health, feeling lonely, sense of humor, live in assisted living residence, economic status.
	Chiang et al. (2012)Chiang, H., Chien, L., Lin, J., Yeh, Y., & Lee, T. (2012). Modeling psychological well-being and family relationships among retired older people in Taiwan. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 22(1), 93-101. doi: 10.1111/j.1447-0349.2012.00840.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0349.2012...	Sex, family relationship, health.
	Cho & Lee (2013)Cho, J., & Lee, A. (2013). Life satisfaction of the aged in the retirement process: A comparative study of South Korea with Germany and Switzerland. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 9(2), 179-195. doi: 10.1007/s11482-013-9237-7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-013-9237-...	Sex, age, level of formal education, conjugal relationship, type of previous job, continuing to work, place of residence.
	Dorfman & Moffet (1987)Dorfman, L. T., & Moffet, M. M. (1987). Retirement satisfaction in married and widowed rural women. The Gerontologist, 27(2), 215-221. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3583014 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3583...	Health, economic status, level of formal education, prestige in the previous job, conjugal status, interpersonal relationship, age, volunteer work.
	Dorfman (1995)Dorfman, L. T. (1995). Health conditions and perceived quality of life in retirement. Health & Social Work, 20(9), 192-199. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7557723 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7557...	Health, sex.
	Earl et al. (2015)Earl, J. K., Gerrans, P., & Halim, V. A. (2015). Active and adjusted: Investigating the contribution of leisure, health and psychosocial factors to retirement adjustment. Leisure Sciences, 37, 354-372. doi: 10.1080/01490400.2015.1021881 https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2015.10...	Activities, interpersonal relationship.
	Ejechi (2012)Ejechi, E. O. (2012). The quality of life of retired reengaged academics in Nigeria. Educational Gerontology, 38, 328-337. doi: 10.1080/03601277.2010.544601 https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2010.54...	Exercise, continue to work.
	Fouquereau et al. (2005)Fouquereau, E., Fernández, A., Paul, M. C., Fonseca, A. M., & Uotinen, V. (2005). Perceptions of and satisfaction with retirement: A comparison of six European Union countries. Psychology and Aging, 20(3), 524-528. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.20.3.524 https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.20.3.5...	Place of residence, health, economic status, previous satisfaction with retirement.
	Hooker & Ventis (1984)Hooker, K., & Ventis, D. G. (1984). Work ethic, daily activities, and retirement satisfaction. Journal of Gerontology, 39(4), 478-484. doi: 10.1093/geronj/39.4.478 https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/39.4.478...	Values attributed to work, activities.
	Iwatsubo et al. (1996)Iwatsubo, Y., Derriennic, F., Cassou, B., & Poitrenaud, J. (1996). Predictors of life satisfaction amongst retired people in Paris. International Journal of Epidemiology, 25(1), 160-170. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8666486 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8666...	Conjugal status, health, leisure activities, family relationship.
	Nalin & França (2015)Nalin, C. P., & França, L. H. F. P. (2015). The importance of resilience for well-being in retirement. Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto), 25(61), 191-199. doi: 10.1590/1982-43272561201507 https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-43272561201...	Resilience, economic situation.
	Nguyen et al. (2014)Quick, H. E., & Moen, P. (1998). Gender, employment, and retirement quality: A life course approach to the differential experiences of men and women. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 3(1), 44-64. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9552271 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9552...	Conjugal relationship, health, economic status.
	Nimrod (2007)Nimrod, G. (2007). Expanding, reducing, concentrating and diffusing: Post retirement leisure behavior and life satisfaction. Leisure Sciences: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 29(1), 91-111. doi: 10.1080/01490400600983446 https://doi.org/10.1080/0149040060098344...	Leisure activities.
	Nimrod (2008)Nimrod, G. (2008). In support of innovation theory: Innovation in activity patterns and life satisfaction among recently retired individuals. Ageing and Society, 28(6), 831-846. doi: 10.1017/S0144686X0800706X https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X0800706...	Health, place of residence, innovative characteristics.
	Noone et al. (2013)Noone, J., O'Loughlin, K., & Kendig, H. (2013). Australian baby boomers retiring 'early': Understanding the benefits of retirement preparation for involuntary and voluntary retirees. Journal of Ageing Studies, 27(1), 207-217. doi: 10.1016/j.jaging.2013.02.003 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaging.2013.02...	Sex, planning for retirement, economic situation, time for retirement.
	O'Brien (1981)O'Brien, G. O. (1981). Leisure attributes and retirement satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 66(3), 371-384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.66.3.371 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.66.3...	Leisure activities, health, economic situation.
	Peretti & Wilson (1975)Peretti, P. O., & Wilson, C. (1975). Voluntary and involuntary retirement of aged males and their effect on emotional satisfaction, usefulness, self-image, emotional stability, and interpersonal relationships. International of Ageing and Human Development, 6(2), 131-138. doi: 10.2190/T70F-XVNW-A0UG-6YMC https://doi.org/10.2190/T70F-XVNW-A0UG-6...	Voluntary retirement.
	Price & Balaswamy (2009)Price, C. A., & Balaswamy, S. (2009). Beyond health and wealth: Predictors of women's retirement satisfaction. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 68(3), 195-214. doi: 10.2190/AG.68.3.b https://doi.org/10.2190/AG.68.3.b...	Self-esteem, emotional support, race/ethnicity, economic status.
	Price & Joo (2005)Price, C. A., & Joo, E. (2005). Exploring the relationship between marital status and women's retirement satisfaction. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 61(1), 37-55. doi: 10.2190/AG.68.3.b https://doi.org/10.2190/AG.68.3.b...	Conjugal status
	Quick & Moen (1998)Quick, H. E., & Moen, P. (1998). Gender, employment, and retirement quality: A life course approach to the differential experiences of men and women. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 3(1), 44-64. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9552271 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9552...	Sex, health, continue to work, economic status, planning for retirement.
	Robbins et al. (1994)Robbins, S. B., Lee, R. M., & Wan, T. T. H. (1994). Goal continuity as a mediator of early retirement adjustment: Testing a multidimensional model. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 41(1), 18-26. doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.41.1.18 https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.41.1.1...	Leisure activities, maintenance of objectives.
	Seccombe & Lee (1986)Seccombe, K., & Lee, G. R. (1986). Gender differences in retirement satisfaction and its antecedents. Research on Aging, 8(3), 426-440. doi: 10.1177/0164027586008003005 https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027586008003...	Economic status.
	Sener et al. (2007)Sener, A. Terzioglu, R. G., & Karabulut, E. (2007). Life satisfaction and leisure activities during men's retirement: A Turkish sample. Aging & Mental Health, 11(1), 30-36. doi: 10.1080/13607860600736349 https://doi.org/10.1080/1360786060073634...	Leisure activities, health, financial status.
	Siguaw et al. (2016)Siguaw, J. A., Sheng, X., & Simpson, P. M. (2016). Biopsychosocial and retirement factors influencing satisfaction with life: New perspectives. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 1-22. doi: 10.1177/0091415016685833 https://doi.org/10.1177/0091415016685833...	Health, ageism, self-efficacy.
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Personal resources	Demographic variables	Previous job	Activities done	Characteristics of retirement
Health conditions Financial conditions Satisfaction with body Family and conjugal relationship Health/Loss of a partner Interpersonal relationship Presence of child Emotional support Optimism, sense of humorfeeling lonely Self-transcendence Self-efficacy Openness to change and innovation Motivation Self-control Values of conservationIdentify Self-esteem	Gender Age Marital status Level of formal education Race/Ethnicity Place of residence Features of place of residence	Continue to work Bridge employment Values given to work Loss of job before Before retirement Relationship work-family Self-employment Type of work Satisfaction with work	Number of activities done Physical activities Voluntary work Leisure activities Time for hobbies Maintenance of objectives	Time of retirement Volunteer Compulsory retirement Planning Age in retirement Retirement of a partner Early satisfaction with retirement Ageism

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