| Barak34
|
Consists of: 1) informative sessions (articles, hotline links, related websites), 2) SC individual communication (LivePerson chat software or ICQ instant messaging software), 3) AS individual communication (e-mail), 4) AS group communication (online forums in Tapuz portal), divided into young, adults, enlisted soldiers, and creative support. |
A/Ad |
Sahar/http://www.sahar.org.il |
| Gilat & Shahar45
|
Individual SC counseling through ICQ and AS support group. |
A/Ad |
ERAN - Israeli Association for Emotional First Aid |
| van Spijker et al.32 van Spijker et al.43 van Spijker et al.35
|
Six modules, focused on: 1) recurrent nature of SDs, 2) regulation of intense emotions, 3) detection of automatic thoughts, 4) thought patterns, 5) challenging thoughts, and 6) relapse prevention. Each module comprises: 1) theoretical session, 2) weekly tasks (cognitive and/or behavioral), 3) fundamental exercises, and 4) optional exercises. |
A |
113 Online/www.113Online.nl |
| Hirai & Clum46
|
Eight weeks of intervention comprising: 1) information, 2) relaxation training (including breathing techniques, PMR and IIR), 3) cognitive restructuring, and 4) exposure modules (written). |
A |
SHTC |
| Lange et al.38
|
Five weeks of intervention (written) divided into three stages: 1) self-confrontation (P about ET and beginning of exposure), 2) cognitive reappraisal (P about the cognitive model, "letter of support to a friend" task), and 3) sharing and farewell ritual (P about the positive effects of sharing the experience, and "letter of farewell to trauma" task). |
A |
Interapy (Netherlands)/www.interapy.nl |
| Knaevelsrud & Maercker47
|
The intervention is identical to the study by Lange et al.,38 but translated into German. |
A |
Interapy (Germany)/www.interapy.nl |
| Wagner et al.44
|
The intervention is similar to the study by Lange et al.38 but was translated and tailored to the Iraqi culture. The Ilajnafsy website, which means psychological support, provides online assessment and information about PTSD and about the treatment program. |
A |
Interapy (Iraq)/www.ilajnafsy.org |
| Litz et al.39Litz et al.11
|
A platform containing information about PTSD, strategies of anger control and sleep hygiene. Eight weeks of intervention consisting of: 1) FtF interview for P, generation of an early hierarchy of triggers, early training in SMS and early counseling about cognitive resignification, 2) self-monitoring of triggers, 3) generation of an expanded hierarchy of triggers, 4) training in SMS (DR, PMR and DB), 5) graded exposure to the hierarchy items, 6) seven sessions of narrative writing about the traumatic situation (exposure), and 7) evaluation of progress, relapse prevention and design of a plan for future challenges. |
USA DDM |
DE-STRESS - DElivery of Self-TRaining and Education for Stressful Situations/www.de-stress.org & SIT - Stress Inoculation Training |
| Mouthaan et al.40Mouthaan et al.37
|
Preventive intervention. Consists of six steps including P, in-vivo exposure, SMS, and social support: 1) introduction and log-in (program aims and basic instructions), 2) assessment of anxiety and arousal levels, 3) trauma and experiences (users watch two videos: one with a trauma specialist explaining the procedures, and one with three patients sharing their experiences after the trauma). At the end of the third step there is a summary with five tips for handling the usual physical and psychological reactions post-trauma, then 4) two audio clips with instructions about SMS (PMR and SPT), 5) another assessment of anxiety and arousal, and 6) program assessment. Patients get a link to access a web forum where they can share experiences and find mutual support. |
A |
Trauma TIPS/www.traumatips.nl |
| Bae et al.9
|
An educational website about disasters, emphasizing the relevance of prevention. It works as an online psychological intervention. |
GP |
National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) - Jaenan Pihaeja Simlijiwon Center/www.dmhs.go.kr |
| Cox et al.41
|
Friendly and accessible website approach for children. It begins with a page of general instructions. Next, the child clicks on the link that matches his or her age: children (≤ 10 years of age) or adolescents( ≥ 11). The next screen shows icons with session titles: 1) feelings, 2) detecting strengths, 3) growing and learning, 4) heroes, 5) solving problems, 6) reaching out, 7) talk to yourself, and 8) help (provides a hotline number and other strategies the child/teen can use). Examples are provided to encourage learning and practice of SMS, confrontation, PST and reflection about the situation (learning and growing from the challenge). There is also a link for parents with information regarding their children's possible symptoms after a trauma. |
C |
"So you have been in an accident"/http://kidsaccident.psy.uq.edu.au |
| Robinson et al.33
|
The website has an adult "host" character who delivers the therapy verbally and a series of videos in which young actors tell a different story every week. Consists of eight modules: 1) definition of engagement in therapy and agenda setting, 2) identifying emotions and tolerating anguish, 3) detecting automatic negative thoughts, 4) behavioral activation - looking for help, 5) scheduling of activities (including SMS), 6) PST focusing particularly on managing suicidal ideation, 7) identifying and challenging problematic thought, and 8) cognitive restructuring. |
Ad |
Reframe IT |
| Christensen et al.42
|
The intervention consists of internet-based P (one week) delivered through BluePages (an educational website that provides information about evidence-based treatments for depression), combined with web-based CBT (two to four weeks) provided by MoodGym (a web application that delivers CBT in five modules). |
A |
BluePages & MoodGYM/http://bluepages.anu.edu.au & http://moodgym.anu.edu.au |
