Adult single SD
|
|
|
22 kHz USV |
|
|
IGF-I protein levels |
Frontal and parietal cortices |
Burgdorf et al.55
|
BDNF, TrkB.T1 mRNA levels, BDNF epigenetic factors |
Hippocampus |
Duclot & Kabbaj46
|
Fos protein and CRH2
|
Arcuate nucleus, ventromedial hypothalamus, posterior medial amygdala |
Fekete et al.56
|
c-Fos mRNA, CRH mRNA |
mPFC, LC and VTA/vBNST |
Funk et al.57
|
Increased passive coping behavior in maternally separated animals |
|
|
c-Fos, TrpOH |
Dorsal raphe nucleus |
Gardner et al.58
|
Tph2 mRNA |
Dorsal raphe nucleus |
Gardner et al.59
|
slc6a4 mRNA |
Dorsal raphe nucleus |
Gardner et al.60
|
NOP receptor mRNA |
Amygdala, PVN |
Green & Devine61
|
Higher immobility in FST and lower latency to immobility, decreased total line crossing in OF |
|
|
CAM-L1 protein, increased CORT concentrations, ratio pCREB/CREB, GAP-43 expression |
Amygdala and hippocampus |
Kavushansky et al.62
|
Increased 22 kHz USV, reduced number of line crossing in OF |
|
|
Increased CORT serum levels, increased CRH and GR mRNA levels |
Hippocampus |
Marini et al.15
|
Increased ACTH, CORT and leptin plasma levels |
HPA-axis |
Razzoli et al.51
|
Short-term locomotor sensitization under amphetamine challenge |
|
|
BDNF and ΔFosB |
VTA, NAc and PFC |
Wang et al.38
|
|
|
|
Adult repeated SD
|
|
|
Passive coping behaviors |
|
|
c-Fos/TrpOH |
Dorsal raphe nucleus |
Paul et al.63
|
Increased anxiety-like behaviors |
|
|
Proteins, including protein folding, signal transduction, synaptic plasticity, cytoskeleton regulation and energy metabolism |
Hippocampus |
Carboni et al.64
|
TrkB.FC-induced social avoidance in LR rats and 7,8-DHF-induced social approach in HR rats |
|
|
TrkB.FC and TrkB.T1 mRNA levels, PKB and pCREB, BNDF promoter 6 |
Hippocampus |
Duclot & Kabbaj46
|
Grooming frequency and time in OF |
|
|
Decreased T3 and T4 serum levels |
|
Olivares et al.65
|
Reduced saccharin intake |
|
|
5-HT1b mRNA expression |
NAcSh, dorsolateral striatum |
Furay et al.66
|
NOP receptor mRNA |
PVN |
Green & Devine61
|
Increased self-grooming, shorter rearing duration, presence of risk assessment, lower sucrose preference, lower climbing in FST, lower general activity and sociability in social avoidance test |
HPA-axis |
Razzoli et al.51
|
Increased rearing, decreased partition exploration, higher risk assessment |
|
|
Increased ACTH and CORT plasma levels in long-term condition |
HPA-axis |
Razzoli et al.23
|
Reduced sucrose consumption of HR rats |
|
|
Histone 3, 4 and 2B |
Hippocampus |
Hollis et al.48
|
Lower FGF2 and FGFR1 mRNA levels |
Hippocampus |
Turner et al.67
|
IL-1β |
PVN |
Hueston et al.68
|
CAM-KIIb gene |
Hippocampus |
Kabbaj et al.69
|
Freezing during exposure, 22 kHz USV |
|
|
Increased expression of CHRNB2 and ACHE genes |
PAG |
Kroes et al.70
|
Reduced mounting in copulatory behavior |
|
|
Reduced testosterone plasma levels, c-Fos mRNA |
Medial preoptic area |
Niikura et al.71
|
Adolescent repeated SD
|
|
|
Adult increased locomotion behavior, CPP for amphetamine |
|
|
D2 receptor |
NAc |
Burke et al.72
|
|
|
|
Adult intermittent SD
|
|
|
Sensitized locomotor response to amphetamine |
|
|
BDNF and ΔFosB |
Mesocorticolimbic structures |
Nikulina et al.39
|
Increased play initiation, increased submission in adolescence and less and later submission in adulthood |
|
Buwalda et al.73
|
Sensitized locomotor response to amphetamine |
|
|
Long-term Fos-like immunoreactivity |
VTA and AMY |
Nikulina et al.32
|
Anhedonic sexual disinterest |
|
|
Reduced orexin and dynorphin |
VTA, mPFC and hypothalamus |
Nocjar et al.74
|
Decreased horizontal and vertical locomotion, increased inactivity in OF, decreased sucrose preference |
|
|
Decreased T3, T4 and CORT serum levels |
HPA-axis |
Olivares et al.65
|
Increased cocaine intake in 24 h binge |
|
|
zif268 mRNA expression |
Amygdala and frontal cortex |
Covington III et al.75
|
BDNF and/or mRNA expression |
mPFC, AMY, substantia nigra, VTA |
Fanous et al.76
|
Reduced social behavior |
|
|
BDNF |
VTA |
Fanous et al.77
|
Reduced saccharin intake |
|
Furay et al.66
|
Increased cocaine self-administration |
|
|
Increased dopamine levels and BDNF |
NAc and VTA |
Miczek et al.37
|
|
|
|
Adult continuous SD
|
|
|
Anhedonia |
|
|
Increased CORT, mRNA and protein NET, decreased PKA, PKC and pCREB |
Locus coeruleus, and its terminal regions |
Chen et al.18
|
Increased defeat-related behaviors |
|
|
Increased BrdU-positive labeling |
Hippocampus |
Buwalda et al.73
|
Increased CORT, decreased serotonin, increased MAO A mRNA expression, increased KLF11 mRNA and protein expression |
Cortex and thalamus |
Grunewald et al.78
|
TNF-α |
BNST |
Hueston et al.68
|
Increased immobility in FS test |
|
|
Phosphorylated MEK1/2, phosphorylated ERK1/2 and MKP-1 |
Hippocampus |
Iio et al.79
|
Reduced sucrose consumption and increased struggling of HR rats |
|
|
Decreased expression of Gsk3b and Taf2, increased expression of HMox3and Eno3
|
Frontal cortex and hippocampus |
Kanarik et al.80
|
Reduced sucrose consumption |
|
|
Lower BMP7 gene expression |
LC |
Ordway et al.81
|
Increased CORT level, 5-HT1a receptor mRNA |
PFC |
Kieran et al.82
|
Suppressed cocaine intake, decreased preference and intake of sugar and decreased exploratory behavior |
|
|
Suppression of DA and BDNF responses |
NAc and VTA |
Miczek et al.37
|