Cerambycidae ( Coleoptera ) from state of Maranhão , Brazil . IV : new genus , new species , new synonym , new records

Five new species and one new genus of Cerambycidae are described from Maranhão: Mirador ayrii gen. nov., sp. nov.; Stizocera ignea sp. nov.; Engyum vicinum sp. nov.; Thoracibidion rubripenne sp. nov.; Polyrhaphis ju sp. nov. Sphagoeme Aurivillius, 1893 is proposed as a new synonym of Limernaea Thomson, 1878, and Sphagoeme nigrotibialis Martins, 1973 is proposed as a new synonym of Limernaea picta Thomson, 1878. A total of 102 known species are recorded for the state of Maranhão for the first time: two Prioninae, 69 Cerambycinae and 31 Lamiinae. Six species are reported for the first time from Brazil. With these new records, and the five new species described, the total number of species recorded from the state of Maranhão increased from 367 to 474.

Given that Sphagoeme nigrotibialis is a true Oemini (and agrees perfectly with the original description of Sphagoeme), Limernaea picta (Figs 1-4) should be transferred to this tribe.As the description of Sphagoeme nigrotibialis agrees with the original description and redescriptions of Sphagoeme (and consequently with the characters of the type species of Sphagoeme), and as that species is the same as Limernaea picta, Sphagoeme and Limernaea are synonyms.According to ICNZ (1999: Article 23), "the valid name of a taxon is the oldest available name applied to it…" Thus, Sphagoeme is a junior synonym of Limernaea, because both names are in current use (ICZN 1999: Article 23.9).Limernaea now includes the following species: L. acuta (Martins & Galileo, 1994) comb.nov.; L. aurivillii (Gounelle, 1909) comb.nov.; L. lineata (Martins, 1981) comb.nov.; L. ochracea (Fisher, 1927) comb.nov.; L. paraensis (Martins, 1977) Zajciw, 1960); and L. suturalis (Martins, 1977)

comb. nov.
There is no need to change the spelling of Limernaea to Lymernaea (ICZN 1999: Article 32.3).As seen above, the misspelling was repeated more than once by Thomson, always without any explanation.
As there is a recent redescription of Sphagoeme (MARTINS 1997: 65), and it can be used to understand and characterize Limernaea, a new redescription is unnecessary.

Physopleurus tritomicros
It was described from French Guiana and later it was recorded from Brazil (Amazonas, Roraima) (MONNÉ 2014c).
It was described from Brazil (Pará) and occurs in Bolivia and the Brazilian state of Amapá (MARTINS & MONNÉ 2005, BEZARK & MONNÉ 2013).ZAJCIW (1972) recorded this species from Brazil (Rio de Janeiro) apparently based on an incorrectly identified specimen.However, the formal exclusion of occurrence of this species in southeastern Brazil has never been made.(Thomson, 1861)
Type species: Mirador ayrii sp.nov.Head elongate behind eyes.Upper eye lobes with 4 rows of ommatidia; lower eye lobes protruding, occupying most of lateral portion of head.Antennal tubercles separated by distance equal to width of one tubercle; apex rounded.Mandibles about one-third length of head; outer surface rounded.Last segment of labial and maxillary palps of males securiform.Antennae with 11 segments; reaching beyond elytral apex in male; basal antennomeres with long setae, as long as three times antennomere width; antennomere III conspicuously longer than scape and antennomere IV, without sulcus at dorsal portion of base.
Prothorax longer than wide; laterally round, without tubercles.Pronotum flattened on disk.Prosternal process conspicuously narrow medially, enlarged and truncate apically.Mesosternal process approximately as wide as one-third of mesocoxal cavity.Procoxal cavities open posteriorly.Elytra pubescent, lateral margins parallel; apex truncate.Procoxa without flaps.Protrochanter without modifications.Profemur fusiform, without keel on anterior half; meso-and metafemora subclavate.Meso-and metatarsomere I approximately as long as II-III together.
Etymology.Refers to the type locality of the type species.Masculine gender.
Remarks.Mirador gen.nov.differs from all other genera of Ectenessini (except for Meryeurus Martins, 1998) by the basal antennomeres having setae as long as three times the width of an antennomere.It differs from Meryeurus by the antennomere III without a sulcus on dorsal portion of base and prothorax conspicuously longer.
Pronotum with longitudinal central sulcus, laterally microsculptured; punctures thin, abundant on lateral portion of smooth and glabrous area along longitudinal sulcus; area around glabrous region with sericeous pubescence, interspersed with long setae.Laterals of pronotum and most of prosternum with coarse, deep, abundant punctures; pubescence sericeous, setae long and sparse; anterior third of prosternum glabrous, transversely striated.Elytra with sericeous pubescence, interspersed with long setae; punctures coarse, moderately sparse on basal half, gradually sparser toward apex.Metepisterna finely pubescent.Laterals of metasternum pubescent; remaining areas with short, decumbent, sparse setae (particularly toward center).Femora, tibiae and tarsi with long, sparse setae.Urosternites with short, sparse setae, interspersed with long setae.
This species was described from Suriname and Brazil (Pará).It is also known from Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, and French Guiana (MONNÉ 2014a).

Figs 10-13
Holotype male.Integument orange; dorsal portion of head, genae, narrow strip around lower eye lobes, mandibles, antennae, apical fourth of elytra, trochanters, femora, tibiae and tarsi dark brown; urosternites III-V brown.Frons with shallow, inconspicuous punctures and short, sparse setae; coronal suture smoothly marked, almost indistinct beyond antennal tubercles.Vertex with fine, shallow, sparse punctures, except for transversal stripe next to prothorax, which is finely punctured-striated; setae very short, sparse (except for few long setae near upper eye lobes), longer, distinctly denser on punctured-striated band.Upper eye lobes with 6 rows of ommatidia; distance between upper eye lobes 0.5 times length of scape; distance between lower eye lobes 0.9 times length of scape.Length of antennae 2.1 times elytral length; reaching elytral apex at basal third of antennomere  ZOOLOGIA 31 ( 6): 599-620, December, 2014 VIII; scape as long as 0.6 times length of antennomere III (without the spine); antennomeres III-VII with apical inner spines, shortening toward VII (length of spine of antennomere III 0.2 times length of this antennomere).Prothorax longitudinal; lateral margins with small, obtuse tubercle.Pronotum with 5 distinct tubercles (particularly the two lateroanterior ones) and small tubercle on each side, between lateroanterior tubercles and anterior margin; area between lateroanterior tubercles and margin with deep, wide transversal sulcus; central band smooth; laterals with short, sparse punctures; surface with long, sparse setae, laterally a little more abundant.Two-thirds of prosternum near procoxal cavities with coarse punctures, abundant and anastomosed, pubescent (interspersed with long, sparse setae).Elytra with moderately shallow, coarse, abundant punctures, finer, sparser on distal fourth; surface with short, sparse setae, interspersed with long setae; apex with long outer spine and sutural denticle.Metepisterna pubescent, denser at distal third.Metasternum pubescent near metepisterna, with long, sparser setae on remaining surface.Urosternites almost smooth on disk, laterally with short, abundant setae, longer, sparser on remaining surface (more abundant toward urosternite V).Femora fusiform; apex of mesofemora with spines of same length; apex of metafemora with external spine longer than inner.
Etymology.Latin, igneus = the color of fire, referring to the general orange color.
Remarks.Stizocera ignea sp.nov.belongs to the group of species having a spine or tubercle on lateral margins of prothorax.It differs from S. poeyi (Guérin-Méneville, 1838), S. phtisica Gounelle, 1909, andS. wagneri (Gounelle, 1913) by the absence of a yellowish spot at middle of the elytra (present in these three species).It differs from S. jassuara (Martins & Napp, 1983) by the dark brown spot covering apical fourth of elytra, and dorsal surface of head, antennae, femora, tibiae and tarsi dark brown.In S. jassuara only the area near and on elytral spines is darkened, the head is reddish, the antennae, tibiae and tarsi are light brown and the femora are bicolor.It differs from S. suturalis (Martins & Napp, 1992) by the pronotum orange and not pubescent, by the shiny elytra, without dark brown band along suture, and by the antennae and legs dark brown.In S. suturalis the pronotum has pubescent areas and is brown or dark brown, the elytra are opaque, with dark brown band along suture, and the antennae and legs are yellowishbrown.It differs from S. atiaia (Martins & Napp, 1983) as follows: prothorax with small lateral tubercle; pronotum without transversal sulcus; apical fourth of elytra dark brown; and dorsal surface of head, antennae and legs dark.In S. atiaia the lateral tubercle of prothorax is large, the pronotum is transversally striated, the apical fourth of elytra is not darkened, and the head, antennae and legs are pale.
Pronotum with basal pubescent band; remaining surface with long, sparse setae; basal and central callosities well-demarcated, anterior ones not very conspicuous.Basal half of prosternum with pubescent "V"-shaped area.Lateral carina of elytra well-marked from base to distal fourth; surface with long, ZOOLOGIA 31 ( 6): 599-620, December, 2014 moderately abundant setae; apex with long spine at marginal angle and rounded at sutural angle.Legs with long, sparse setae; apical flaps of meso-and metafemora rounded.
Female.Antennae as long as 1.8 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at apex of antennomere IX.
Variability.Distal half of elytra brownish; yellowish-white spot on basal fourth of elytra more conspicuous, almost fused to next spot; brownish area of elytral basal half distinctly contains elliptical spot and is fused to transversal band; integument brownish; peduncle of femora reddish-brown; elytral apex projected or with spicule at sutural angle.
Remarks.Engyum vicinum sp.nov.differs from E. ludibriosum Martins, 1970 as follows: yellowish-white band beyond middle of elytra curved and ascending from margin to suture (straight or or nearly so in E. ludibriosum); large yellowish-white spot between basal fourth and middle of elytra and with inner margin rounded (spot smaller and straight in E. ludibriosum); distance between central yellowish-white spots of elytra moderately narrow (distinctly wider in E. ludibriosum).
This species was described and was known only from Brazil (Goiás) (MONNÉ 2014a).
This species was described and was known only from Venezuela (MONNÉ 2014a).Brazil is a new country record.
Pronotum with fine, transverse wrinkles between lateral callosities; pubescent band moderately narrow, from basal transverse sulcus to lateroanterior callosity; disk with long, very sparse setae.Basal half of prosternum with pubescent "U"-shaped area; distal half finely, transversely grooved on distal fourth, microsculptured near head.Elytra with three rows of moderately coarse punctures, sutural row almost reaches elytral apex, intermediate row reaches yellowish band area, and lateral row reaches apical fifth; remaining surface very finely, moderately abundantly punctured; outer apical angle with long spine and sutural angle projected; setae moderately long in 3 rows from base to near apex, another, more lateral, with conspicuously sparser setae.Metasternum pubescent (more conspicuously laterally, less at center).Urosternites very finely, sparsely punctate; pubescent on laterals, with long, sparse setae on disk.Mesofemora with rounded lobe at inner and outer apices; metafemora with triangular lobe at outer and inner apices.
Female.Antennae as long as 2.2 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at middle of antennomere VIII.
Remarks.Thoracibidion rubripenne sp.nov.differs from T. ruficaudatum (Thomson, 1865) mainly by the pronotum with fine wrinkles (thick in T. ruficaudatum).MARTINS & GALILEO (2007) wrote the following about T. ruficaudatum (translated): "Pronotum with two types of wrinkles, thick, and very fine, indistinct".The specimens of T. ruficaudatum deposited at the MZUSP collection have no wrinkles on the pronotum (Fig. 19) that are thin and near each other as in the new species.In the holotype of T. rubripenne, there is a small rounded spot on basal third of left elytron.This suggests that specimens with spots on both elytra may exist and that these spots may be large.

Unachlorus viridis
This species was described and was known only from Brazil (Pará) (MONNÉ 2014a).

Nesozineus clarkei
This species was described from Bolivia and also recorded from Peru (MONNÉ 2014b).Brazil is a new country record.
This species was described and recorded only from Bolivia (MONNÉ 2014b).Brazil is a new country record.