of the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest harvestman Longiperna ( Opiliones : Gonyleptidae : Mitobatinae )

Longiperna Roewer, 1929 is revised and new records of distribution are presented for the Brazilian Costal Atlantic Rain Forest (from Rio de Janeiro to Santa Catarina states). The following new synonymies are established: Longiperna concolor (Mello-Leitão, 1923) = L. zonata Mello-Leitão, 1935 and L. heliaca B. Soares, 1942; Longiperna coxalis (Roewer, 1943) = L. areolata B. Soares, 1944; Longiperna insperata (Soares & Soares, 1947) = L. paranensis Soares & Soares, 1947 and L. curitibana Kury, 2003. Two new species are described: Longiperna kuryi sp. nov. (type-locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Parati); Longiperna trembao sp. nov. (type-locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte).

Diagnosis.Body pyriform-shaped.Posterior margin of dorsal scutum with a yellow stripe.Ocularium with two pointed apophyses.Areas III-IV completely separated; III with two high pointed apophyses, much longer on females; other areas without apophyses.Male coxa IV enlarged, apex reaching posterior margin.External and internal apophyses of coxa IV bifurcated.Trochanter IV much longer than wide; with prolateral and retrolateral large basal tubercle.Free tergites with tubercles of same size or one longer pair (never longer than tergite length).Pedipalp short and robust.Basitarsus I 3-segmented, slightly swollen in males.Penis with ventral plate slightly widened, to very widened, at base; distal margin straight or slightly concave; with distal group of setae in subapical region; ventral process cochleariform.
Relationships.This genus is closely related to Discocyrtoides based on apophyses of male coxa IV and large basal tubercles on trochanter.However, Longiperna can be distinguished from Discocyrtoides by the longer trochanter IV along with longer legs and body.The rectangular ventral plate of penis of three species (L.coxalis, L. insperata and L. trembao sp.nov.) and ventral process of glans are almost identical to that of D. nigricans and probably symplesiomorphic (C.BRAGAGNOLO unpubl.).
Diagnosis.Resembles L. concolor and L. kuryi sp.nov.by having area II-IV undivided, external and internal apophyses of male coxa IV of the same size and smooth free tergites.It can be distinguished by the density of tubercles on dorsal scutum (less tuberculated in L. concolor and L. kuryi sp.nov.), by the drymark (surrounding tubercles of area II in L. concolor and L. kuryi sp.nov.and only on the mesotergal areas in L. cancellata) and by the absence of acute tubercles on tibia-metatarsus IV, present in L. kuryi sp.nov.
Male description (MZSP-27374).Measurements.dorsal scutum; maximum width: 4.9; total length: 4.8; prosoma length: 2.2; width 3.3.Femur IV length: 39.Dorsum (Figs 1 and 7).anterior margin of prosoma with three tubercles on median elevation.Ocularium with four anterior and nine posterior tubercles, along with two pointed apophyses (smaller than ocularium height), divergent and directed upwards.Prosoma with 10 tubercles behind ocularium.Lateral margin with scattered tubercles from ozopore to posterior margin.Area I with 18-20 tubercles on each side; II with 21 tubercles on each side; III with two parallel pointed apophyses, slightly directed backwards (apex rounded), with 18-19 tubercles on each side; IV with nine tubercles.Posterior margin with two tubercles.Free tergite I with 10; II with nine; III with eight minute tubercles.Anal operculum with minute tubercles.Chelicera.Segment I with four-five tubercles on lateral margin of bulla; movable finger with three teeth; III with five teeth.Pedipalp.Trochanter with two dorsal and two ventral tubercles.Femur with a large ventrobasal tubercle, two small ventral tubercles and one large subapical prolateral tubercle.Tibia ectal IiIi, mesal IiiIi/IiIi.Tarsus mesal IIi, ectal IiIi, with two internal rows of small setae.Venter.Coxa I with median row of seven tubercles each, four anterior, six to seven posterior and four apical scattered tubercles; II with a median row of eight, one anterior, seven to nine posterior and five apical scattered tubercles; III-IV with scattered tubercles.Legs.Coxa I with one anterior and one posterior tubercle; II with one bifid anterior tubercle and one bifid posterior tubercle; III with one anterior directed to II and one posterior tubercle directed to IV; IV with external apophyses slightly larger than internal apophyses and smaller than trochanter width, slightly curved prolaterally, with a basal internal tubercle, internal apophysis slightly curved downwards, with a prolateral tubercle.Trochanters I-III with small scattered tubercles; IV with subbasal tubercles on prolateral and retrolateral (larger and directed frontwards), on retrolateral apical (half size subbasal).Femur IV with minute tubercles, eight times longer than dorsal scutum.Tarsal formula: 6(3); 13(3); 7; 7. Basitarsus slightly swollen.Coloration (ethanol).Body and legs brown.Drymark (Fig. 34) on median-posterior of ocularium to area I (from posterior tubercle to median sulcus, except most of the ocularium).Coxa IV with dorso-internal and trochanter IV with dorsal drymark.Tibiae I-IV and metatarsi III-IV with white rings.Penis .Ventral plate slightly concave on 2/3 distal sides, where it is wider in lateral view, basal part 50% wider than distal, three distal pairs of long setae, one intermediate pair of short setae close to distal group, three long basal setae (longer on the widest part basal of ventral plate).Stylus straight densely setose around the opening.Ventral process similar sized as stylus, with straight shaft, apex with setae on lateral and dorsal view.
Diagnosis.This species is closely related to L. kuryi sp.nov.based on the presence of tubercles on the dorsal scutum.It can be distinguished by absence of acute tubercles on tibiametatarsus IV.It also resembles L. cancellata by having area II-IV undivided, external and internal apophyses of male coxa IV of the same size and smooth free tergites.It can be distinguished by the density of tubercles on dorsal scutum (less tuberculated in L. concolor) and the drymark (surrounding tubercles of area II in L. concolor and only on the sulci areas in L. cancellata).
Intraspecific variation.There is a large variation in tubercle density on dorsal scutum of males, but an area of dorsal scutum and 8).Anterior margin of prosoma with five tubercles on each side, two on median region.Ocularium with seven anterior, eight posterior tubercles, and two pointed divergent apophyses slightly directed frontwards.Prosoma with six tubercles on each side behind ocularium.Area I with four to five tubercles on each side; II with 12 tubercles on each side; III with two parallel apophyses (apex rounded), with 12 tubercles; IV with seven tubercles on each side.Posterior margin smooth.Free tergite I with four tubercles; II-III with six tubercles.Anal operculum with minute tubercles.Chelicera.Segment I with four tubercles on bulla; movable finger with three teeth; fixed finger with four teeth.Pedipalp.Trochanter with three dorsal and two ventral tubercles.Femur with one ventrobasal, two minute ventral tubercules and one subapical prolateral tubercle.Tibia ectal/mesal IiIi.Tarsus mesal IIi, ectal IiIi, with two internal rows of small setae.Venter.Coxa I with median row of six tubercles, three to four anterior, four posterior and four apical scattered tubercles; II with median row of five, two anterior, five posterior and four apical scattered tubercles; III-IV with scattered tubercles, base of internal apophysis with a few tubercles.Legs.Coxa I with one anterior and one posterior bifid tubercle; II with one bifid anterior and one bifid posterior tubercle; III with one anterior tubercle directed to II and one posterior tubercle directed to IV; IV with few scattered tubercles, external apophysis shorter than internal apophysis, slightly curved prolaterally and downward, with basal internal tubercle, and internal apophysis slightly curved downwards, with Diagnosis.Resembles L. cancellata, L. concolor and L. kuryi sp.nov.by having areas II-IV undivided and external and internal apophyses of male coxa IV of the same size.It can be easily distinguished from the other species by the presence of two higher tubercles on posterior margin and on free tergites I-III and one larger tubercle in each side of area I.
Male redescription (IBSP 4810).Measurements.Dorsal scutum; maximum width: 5.6; total length: 5.4; prosoma length: 2.3; width 3.5.Femur IV length: 34.5.Dorsum (Figs 3  and 9).Anterior margin of prosoma with 21 tubercles, higher on median region.Ocularium with two directed upwards and parallel pointed apophyses.Prosoma with eight tubercles behind ocularium.Area I with 16-18 tubercles on each half, one larger (near median sulcus); II with 14-15 tubercles (four forming a transversal median line of larger tubercles) on each side; III with two parallel apophyses (apex rounded) and with 16-18 tubercles on each side; IV with seven tubercles on each side.Lateral margin with tubercles from sulcus I to posterior margin.Posterior margin with seven tubercles, two median larger).Free tergite I with eight; II with six; and III with seven tubercles; two median higher on tergites I-III.Anal operculum with minute tubercles.Chelicera.Segment I with four tubercles on bulla; movable finger and segment III with four teeth decreasing in size distally.Pedipalpus.Trochanter with two dorsal and two ventral tubercles.Femur with one ventrobasal, two minute ventral and one subapical prolateral tubercle.Tibia ectal/mesal IiIi.Tarsus mesal IIi, ectal IiIi, with two internal rows of small setae.Venter.Coxa I with one median row of seven tubercles, eight anterior, seven posterior, and five apical scattered tubercles; II with median row of 13, eight anterior, 18-19 posterior, and seven apical scattered tubercles; III-IV with scattered tubercles.Legs.Coxa I with one anterior and one posterior tubercle; II with one very enlarged apophysis (square apex) with one posteriad branch and one posterior enlarged apophysis with two dorsal and one posteriad branch; III with one anterior tubercle directed to II; and IV with few scattered tubercles, external apophysis about same size as trochanter IV width, slightly curved prolaterally, with basal internal tubercle, internal apophysis slightly curved downwards (same size as external), with prolateral tubercle.Trochanters I-III with small scattered tu- Diagnosis.Resembles L. trembao sp.nov.based on area IV divided by a longitudinal groove.It can be easily distinguished by internal apophysis of coxa IV being two times longer than external apophyses and area III with two short and parallel apophyses directed upwards.
Male redescription (MZSP 27388).Measurements.Dorsal scutum; maximum width: 4.7; total length: 4.9; prosoma length: 2.1; width 3.3.Femur IV length: 33.Dorsum (Figs 4 and 10).Anterior margin of prosoma with four tubercles.Ocularium with four anterior and seven posterior tubercles, two pointed apophyses parallel and directed upwards, as high as ocularium.Prosoma with four tubercles behind ocularium.Area I with three tubercles on each half side; II with 7-10 tubercles on each side; III with two short, parallel apophyses directed upwards (apex rounded), and with 36 tubercles (some surrounding spine base); and IV with five tubercles.Lateral margin with two rows of tubercles (on external side of sulcus and close to lateral margin) from ocularium to posterior margin.Posterior margin smooth.Free tergite I with eight; II with six; and III with seven tubercles.Anal operculum with minute tubercles.Chelicera.Segment I with two tubercles on bulla; movable finger with three teeth and segment III with four teeth decreasing in size distally.Pedipalpus.Trochanter with two dorsal and two ventral tubercles (internal much larger).Femur with one ventrobasal, two minute ventral and one subapical prolateral tubercle.Tibia ectal/mesal IiIi.Tarsus mesal IIi, ectal IiIi, with two internal rows of small setae.Venter.Coxa I with one median row of nine tubercles each, six anterior minute tubercles, one posterior row of eight, and three apical tubercles; II with median row of six, eight anterior, two posterior, and three apical tubercles; III-IV with scattered tubercles.Legs.Coxa I with one anterior and one posterior tubercle; II with one acute anterior tubercle, one posterior directed to III and two tubercles between them; III with one anterior tubercle directed to II and one posterior directed to IV; IV with few scattered tubercles, external apophysis shorter than internal and trochanter width, slightly curved prolaterally, with basal internal tubercle, internal apophyses slightly curved downwards, with prolateral tubercle.Trochanters I-III with small scattered tubercles; IV with subbasal tubercles on prolateral and retrolateral (larger and directed frontwards).Femur IV with minute tubercles, seven times longer than dorsal scutum.Tarsal formula: 6(3); 13-14(3); 7; 7. First two articles of basitarsus slightly swollen.Coloration (Fig. 38,ethanol).Body and legs darkbrown, anterior half of coxa IV darker.Drymark on sulci, I-III and V, anterior margin, lateral margin (over mesotergal sulci), on median region of prosoma from anterior margin, over ocularium until sulcus I, areas I-IV with a cross formed by dry patch (except surrounding tubercles).Dry patch between internal and external apophyses of coxa IV.Tubercles and legs I-III yellowish.Posterior margin with yellow external border.Penis .Ventral plate with parallel sides on distal 2/3, basal part 15% wider than distal, three distal pairs of long setae, one intermediate pair of short, and three long basal setae.Stylus straight with few very small setae on ventral side.Ventral process similar sized as stylus, with sinuous shaft, apex cochlear with serrate sides.
Diagnosis.This species is closed related to L. concolor and L. cancellata by having an undivided area II-IV, external and internal apophyses of male coxa IV of the same size and free tergites smooth.It can be easily distinguished by presence of acute tubercles on tibia-metatarsus IV.
Male description.Measurements.Dorsal scutum; maximum width: 5.5; total length: 5.7; prosoma length: 2.3; width 3.4.Femur IV length: 29.Dorsum (Figs 5 and 11).Anterior margin of prosoma with small tubercles on median region.Ocularium tuberculate, with two pointed apophyses slightly divergent and directed frontwards.Prosoma with seven tubercles behind ocularium.Area I with 12-13 tubercles on each side, one larger (near median sulcus); II with 27 tubercles (eight larger tubercles forming a transversal line on middle of area); III with two parallel pointed apophyses directed backwards (apex rounded), with eight tubercles between apophyses; and IV with six tubercles between and behind apophyses of area III.Lateral margin with tubercles clustered between area II-III.Posterior margin smooth.Free tergites I-III smooth.Anal operculum tuberculate.Chelicera.Segment I with four tubercles on lateral side of bulla; movable finger with three teeth; and III with four teeth.Pedipalpus.Trochanter with two dorsal (one larger) and two ventral tubercles (one larger).Femur with one ventrobasal, one ventral and one subapical prolateral tubercle.Tibia ectal/mesal IiIi.Tarsus mesal IIi, ectal IiIi, with two internal rows of small setae.Venter.Coxa I with one median row of eight tubercles, three anterior, four posterior, and three apical tubercles; II with median row of five, smooth anteriorly, four posterior, and three apical tubercles; III with median row of seven, one anterior, and seven posterior tubercles; IV with scat-tered tubercles.Legs.Coxa I with one anterior trifid and one posterior bifid tubercle; II with one bifid anterior and one bifid posterior tubercle; III with one anterior directed to II and one posterior tubercle directed to IV; IV with scattered tubercles on posterior half, anterior smooth, external and internal apophyses similar-sized (length almost the width of trochanter IV), slightly curved downwards, with sub-basal internal tubercle.Trochanters I-III with small scattered tubercles; IV with one subbasal tubercle on prolateral and retrolateral tubercles (larger and directed frontwards).Femur IV with minute tubercles, 4.6 times longer than dorsal scutum.Tibia-metatarsus IV (Fig. 13) covered with acute tubercles (length almost as wide as tibiametatarsus IV).Tarsal formula: 6(3); 13(3); 7; 7. Basitarsus I swollen.Coloration (Fig. 39, live animal).Body and legs brown, latero-posterior of prosoma and areas I-IV darker, tubercles lightbrown.Drymarks on lateral area from anterior margin to middle area II, on median posterior of area I, with area II covered with exception of lateral, between apophyses of area III and invading area IV, one on median and another on posterior region of coxa IV, on dorsal side of trochanter IV.Tubercles of dorsal scutum without drymarks over or surrounding them.Coxa IV with reddish tubercles (yellowish in preserved specimens).Posterior margin almost entirely yellowish.Penis. .Ventral plate with parallel sides on distal 1/3, basal part twice wider than distal, four pairs of distal long setae, three basal (one smaller on ventral side) and two intermediate (one very small and one larger than basal one).Stylus straight without setae on ventral side.Ventral process with almost straight shaft, apex cochlear with serrate sides.
Intraspecific variation.Two males from Paranapiacaba (MZSP-31951) show an incredible reduction in the length of leg IV, the relation femur IV/dorsal scute length is less than usually diagnostic for Mitobatinae males.However, the external morphology is identical to "long-legged" forms, even the diagnostic features on tibia-metatarsus IV (see figs 13 and 14   Male description.Measurements.Dorsal scutum; maximum width: 4.4; total length: 4.9; prosoma length: 2.1; width 3. Femur IV length: 22.5.Dorsum (Figs 6 and 12).Anterior margin of prosoma with three tubercles on each side and six on median region.Ocularium with two anterior, two posterior tubercles, and two pointed apophyses divergent and slightly directed frontwards.Prosoma with six tubercles behind ocularium.Area I with 15-18 tubercles on each side; II with 12 tubercles on each side; III with two parallel apophyses (apex rounded, with 15-17 tubercles on each side; and IV with seven tubercles on each side.Posterior margin with 10 tubercles.Free tergite I with 10; II with seven; and III with five tubercles.Anal operculum with minute tubercles.Chelicera.Segment I with four tubercles on bulla; movable finger with three teeth; and III with four teeth.Pedipalpus.Trochanter with two dorsal and two ventral tubercles.Femur with one ventrobasal, two minute ventral and one subapical prolateral tubercle.Tibia ectal/mesal IiIi.Tarsus mesal IIi, ectal IiIi, with two internal rows of small setae.Venter.Coxa I with two median rows of four to five tubercles each, along with four anterior, four posterior, and four apical scattered tubercles; II with median row of nine tubercles, along with eight anterior, eight to nine posterior, and four apical scattered tubercles; III-IV with scattered tubercles, and base of internal apophyses IV with tubercles.Legs.Coxa I with one anterior and one posterior tubercle; II with one bifid anterior and one bifid posterior tubercle; III with one anterior directed to II and one posterior tubercle directed to IV; IV with few scattered tubercles, external apophysis shorter than internal and trochanter width, slightly curved prolaterally, with basal internal tubercle, internal apophysis slightly curved downwards, with prolateral tubercle.Trochanters I-III with small scattered tubercles; IV with subbasal tubercles on prolateral and retrolateral (larger and directed frontwards).Femur IV with minute tubercles, 4.6 times longer than dorsal scutum.Tarsal formula: 6(3); 13(3); 7; 7. Col-oration (ethanol, discolored).Body and legs brown.Drymark on median-posterior part of ocularium to area I (from tubercle to median sulcus), area II almost totally covered by drymark (except surrounding tubercles).Penis .Ventral plate with parallel laterals sides, basal half 28% wider than distal, apex straight; three to four short distal setae; two intermediate (one very short and other longer than other setae); three basal short setae (slightly large than distal ones).Stylus straight with few very small setae on ventral side.Ventral process with sinuous shaft, apex cochlear with serrate sides.
Female unknown.Measurements variation in table I. Geographic distribution.(Fig. 41).BRAZIL: Interior Atlantic Rain Forest of the Minas Gerais.
Etymology.In reference to a local slang expression of Minas Gerais state "trem bão" indicating something nice, good or suitable.