The occurrence of the microcaddisfly Costatrichia ( Trichoptera : Hydroptilidae : Hydroptilinae ) in Brazil with description of two new species

Costatrichia Mosely, 1937 (Leucotrichiini) is for the first time recorded from Brazil. Two new species are described: Costatrichia nelsonferreirai sp. nov. and C. fluminensis sp. nov. from states of Para and Rio de Janeiro, respectively. Costatrichia nelsonferreirai sp. nov. is similar to C. bipartita Flint, 1970, but can be distinguished from the latter by a pair of ventrolateral bifurcate processes on the posterior margin of male segment VIII. Costatrichia fluminensis sp. nov. is similar to C. simplex Flint, 1970, but the former can be easily distinguished from the latter by a pair of slender lateral processes on the posterior margin of male segment IX and by a spatulate apical process on phallus.

Costatrichia, as pointed out by FLINT (1970), appears to be related to Leucotrichia Mosely, 1934 andZumatrichia Mosely, 1937, being particularly similar to the latter in the morphology of the genitalia.FLINT (1970) divided Costatrichia into two species groups: the lodora group and the simplex group.Males of the former have modified antennae and forewings with a reflexed costal cell (basal costal bulla sensu HOLZENTHAL & HARRIS 1999), whereas males of the latter, have unmodified antennae and lack a reflexed costal cell on the forewings.HOLZENTHAL & HARRIS (1999) recognized a third group, the tripartita group, including those males with modified antennae and forewings, but with tripartite inferior appendages.As mentioned by HOLZENTHAL & HARRIS (1999), these diagnostic features of the species groups also occur in other Leucotrichiini genera and are an indication that Costatrichia may be paraphyletic.MARSHALL (1979) and FLINT (1992) also discussed the fragile generic limits of Leucotrichiini taxa.This problem can only be solved after a reassessment of all genera in the tribe (HOLZENTHAL & HARRIS 1999).
In this paper, Costatrichia is recorded from Brazil for the first time.Additionally, two new species are described for genus: C. nelsonferreirai sp.nov.from the state of Pará and C. fluminensis sp.nov.from the state of Rio de Janeiro.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Specimens were collected with light traps and preserved in 80% ethanol.The abdomen was removed and cleared in a solution of heated 10% KOH.The morphological terminology follows that of MARSHALL (1979).Pencil sketches were made under an optical microscope (genital structures) or a stereomicroscope (head and wings) and then scanned.Using Adobe Illustrator (v.13.0, Adobe Systems, Inc.), the digital images were traced to create vector graphics.
Holotypes were deposited in the Coleção Entomológica Professor José Alfredo Pinheiro Dutra, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro (DZRJ).Paratypes were deposited in the same institution, as well as in the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus (INPA) and in the Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (MZSP), as indicated in species descriptions.

Figs 1-8
Diagnosis.This new species is very similar to C. bipartita, considering the sclerotized subgenital plate (Fig. 6), the mesally fused inferior appendages (Fig. 4), and the general aspect of the phallus, particularly the apical sclerite (Fig. 7).However, C. nelsonferreirai sp.nov. is easily distinguished by the pair of ventrolateral bifurcate processes on the posterior margin of segment VIII (Figs 4 and 6), by the inferior appendages elongate, spatulate, with apex expanded laterally (Fig. 4), and the phallus with the apical sclerite bifurcate, forceps-like (Fig. 7).Although the new species shares the bilobed aspect of segment X (Fig. 6) with C. noite, other features are very distinctive.
Remarks.Specimens of C. nelsonferreirai sp.nov.were collected in the Amazon Forest in the state of Pará.Although Costatrichia species occur in other Amazonian countries (C.cressae and C. venezuelensis in Venezuela and C. noite in Peru), this new species represents the first record of the genus from Northern Brazil.This new species has the distinctive features of Costatrichia: antennae with basal flagellomeres modified (Fig. 1) and costal bulla on the forewing (Fig. 2).Although some similarity is found between the new species and C. bipartita, the former can be easily recognized, particularly by the ventrolateral bifurcate processes on the posterior margin of segment VIII (Figs 4 and 6).

Figs 9-19
Diagnosis.This new species belongs to the simplex group, which includes C. simplex, C. spinifera, and C. zopilote.These species share the simple antenna (Fig. 9) and the absence of costal bulla on the forewing (Fig. 10).Males of C. fluminensis sp.nov.have two short mesal processes on the abdominal sternum VII (Figs 12 and 14), as in C. simplex.Nevertheless, the new species can be easily recognized by the pair of long slen-der processes laterally of the posterior margin of segment IX (Fig. 14), segment X somewhat quadrangular in dorsal view (Fig. 13), and phallus without basal loop and with apical spatulate process in dorsal view (Fig. 15).
Female.Length 3.0-3.1 mm (n = 2).Coloration and wings as in male.Head and antennae simple.Segment VI with short ventral process (Fig. 17).Genitalia: segment VII annular, in ventral view, with straight setae (Fig. 17).Segment VIII short, with posterior margin emarginated and with row of long setae, with lateral apodemes extending to segment VII (Fig. 17).Segment IX short, with two lobes ventrally, with lateral apodemes extending to middle of segment VII (Fig. 17).Segment X truncate posteriorly and with pair of subapical papillae (Fig. 17).Bursa copulatrix with posterior lobe approximately oval in ventral view (Fig. 18) and connected with vaginal sclerite by pair of thin tubes (Fig. 19).Vaginal sclerite lyre-like; in lateral view, with serrate teeth ventrally and with setal brush anteriorly (Fig. 19).
Taxonomic summary.Holotype male.BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro: Mangaratiba, (Reserva Ecológica Rio das Pedras, 22°59'29.4"S,44°06'02.Etymology.The species name refers to the State of Rio de Janeiro.In Brazil, a native from this state is usually referred to as fluminense, from the Latin word flumen (stream or river).
Remarks.The new species is placed in the simplex group based on the simple antennae and absence of a costal bulla on the forewing.Costatrichia fluminensis sp.nov.can be easily distinguished from C. simplex by the male genitalia.The new species has the segment IX bearing a pair of long, slender downturned processes on the posterior margin (Fig. 14) and the phallus has a dorsal spatulate process and a ventral spinelike process on the apex, but no basal loop (Figs 15 and 16).This species is described from the Atlantic Forest of southern and northern Rio de Janeiro.

The occurrence of the microcaddisfly Costatrichia (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae: Hydroptilinae) in Brazil with description of two new species Allan Paulo Moreira Santos 1, 2 & Jorge Luiz Nessimian 1 1 Departamento de
Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio deJaneiro.Caixa Postal 68044,  21941-971 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.  sponding author.E-mail: a.santos@ufrj.brABSTRACT.CostatrichiaMosely, 1937 (Leucotrichiini)is for the first time recorded from Brazil.Two new species are described: Costatrichia nelsonferreirai sp.nov.and C. fluminensis sp.nov.from states of Pará and Rio de Janeiro, respectively.Costatrichia nelsonferreirai sp.nov. is similar to C. bipartita Flint, 1970, but can be distinguished from the latter by a pair of ventrolateral bifurcate processes on the posterior margin of male segment VIII.Costatrichia fluminensis sp.nov. is similar to C. simplex Flint, 1970, but the former can be easily distinguished from the latter by a pair of slender lateral processes on the posterior margin of male segment IX and by a spatulate apical process on phallus.