Eutaleola , a replacement name for the homonym Euteleia ( Bryozoa : Pasytheidae )

Eutaleola nom. nov. is proposed as a replacement name for Euteleia Marcus, 1938 (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata), a secondary homonym of Euteleia Raffray, 1904 (Arthropoda: Coleoptera). Eutaleola is a monospecific genus of Pasytheidae, found in warm shallow waters on both sides of the Atlantic and in deeper waters of the eastern Pacific. Brazilian material of Eutaleola evelinae (Marcus, 1938) comb. nov. is described and illustrated.

introduced a new monotypic genus for a new species Euteleia evelinae, an inconspicuous encrusting pasytheid bryozoan from Santos, Brazil.The original spelling, Euteleia, continued to be used by MARCUS (1949) and was cited thus by BASSLER (1953) in the Bryozoa volume in the "Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology" series.Later, the original spelling was also used by LAGAAIJ (1973) in his account of Late Pleistocene bryozoan fragments encountered in sandy sediments of the Nigeria-Cameroon shelf.COOK (1968COOK ( , 1985) ) inadvertently misspelled the name "Eutaleia", which she attributed to MARCUS (1938), so it is clear this was a lapsus calami, not a deliberate attempt to correct the spelling, as there was no discussion of the spelling and no mention of homonymy.Following COOK (1968COOK ( , 1985)), VIEIRA et al. (2008) used the variant spelling Eutaleia in their checklist of Recent bryozoans of Brazil, but this usage does not make Eutaleia an available name (ICZN 1999: Art. 33.3, Incorrect subsequent spellings), as well as this spelling does not constitute "prevailing usage", for the species has been infrequently encountered and little reported on.The current Bryozoa Home Page entry for Euteleia [http:/ /bryozoa.net/cheilostomata/pasytheidae/euteleia.html]uses Marcus's (1938)
Description.Colonies encrusting, unilaminar, with mostly uni-pluriserial, occasionally even multiserial, branching rows of well-calcified zooids, yellowish to transparent-white in color.Autozooids pyriform/subclavate, distally truncate and inflated, 0.30-0.50mm (0.398 ± 0.054) length and 0.15-0.25 mm (0.204 ± 0.028) width; narrower proximal portion, connected by chitinous joint to parent zooid.Frontal wall (frontal shield) gymnocystal, with small regularly spaced pores.Primary orifice 0.10-0.12mm (0.108 ± 0.010) length and 0.08-0.10mm (0.094 ± 0.009) width, subterminal in zooid, inclined distalward;  Remarks.Owing to the sum of the zooidal characters, this species was transferred to the Pasytheidae Davis, 1934 by COOK (1985) from the Savignyellidae Levinsen, 1909 in which it was placed by MARCUS (1938).Eutaleola evelinae (Marcus, 1938) is characterized by its repent habit, its gymnocystal frontal shield with numerous small perforations, and the complete lack of articulated oral spines, avicularia and ovicells.The colonies may form small and inconspicuous uniserial colonies, loosely encrusting on algae and hydroids, becoming pluriserial through repeated budding of zooid rows in close proximity.OSBURN (1952) suggested that E. evelinae can be very common in shallow shelf depths but it tends to be easily overlooked owing to its inconspicuous colonies and its habit of closely adhering to stems of hydroids and algae.
VIEIRA et al. (2010) discussed the occurrence of certain wide-ranging bryozoans in shallow waters of the Western Atlantic, from the Caribbean to northeastern Brazil, despite the existence of some oceanographic and biogeographic barriers not conducive to their dispersal.Eutaleola evelinae is one such bryozoan, supporting a suggested biogeographic affinity between the bryozoan fauna of the Caribbean and Brazil (see VIEIRA et al. 2010).However, this species is not restricted to the Western Atlantic but has a circumtropical distribution on both sides of the Atlantic (COOK 1985) and in the Eastern Pacific (OSBURN  1952).This pattern of distribution is unusual among cheilostomatous bryozoans because their larvae are predominantly lecithotrophic and short-lived.According to NARANJO et al. (1998), some amphi-Atlantic distributions in marine species can be explained by dispersal on naturally drifting or anthropogenic substrata.TAYLOR & MONKS (1997) showed that the occurrence of some widespread species of Bryozoa can be explained by transport on drifting objects (e.g.algae, planktonic shells and plastic).Therefore, the equatorial current can make possible a connection between eastern and western Atlantic bryozoans that attach to pelagic algae, viz.Eutaleola evelinae, Beania klugei Cook, 1968, Jellyella tuberculata (Bosc, 1802) and Catenicella contei (Audouin, 1826), which are recorded on both side of Atlantic (COOK 1985, VIEIRA et al. 2008).
Although, on the one hand, a circumtropical distribution is unusual in invertebrates with a short-lived larva (COELHO et al. 2008), some species have been discovered to have a distribution on both sides of the Isthmus of Panama.Although several fossil fragments of E. evelinae had been collected in Nigerian shelf sediments (later Pleistocene) (LAGAAIJ 1973), the occurrence of this species in the eastern Pacific and the Caribbean can be related to the closure of the Isthmus.Comparison of bryozoan faunas in the most comprehensive publications from the tropical eastern Atlantic (COOK 1985) and western Atlantic (WINSTON 2005, VIEIRA et al. 2008) identifies a small number of species (ca.10) with an amphi-Atlantic distribution.
Overall, Eutaleola evelinae has been reported in shallow water from the western Atlantic (Brazil and Colombia) and southeastern Atlantic (Ghana and Nigeria), as well as in deeper water (to 140 m depth) from the eastern Pacific (Peru, Panamá and California).This unusual distribution warrants further investigation concerning morphological and genetic variability.