Three new species of Hydroptila ( Trichoptera : Hydroptilidae ) from Northeastern Brazil

Hydroptila Dalman, 1819 is one of the most diverse genus of Hydroptilidae, comprising over 400 species distributed in all biogeographical regions. Only two species were previously recorded from Brazil. Here, three new species from Northeastern Brazil are described and illustrated. The new species can be distinguished based on the male genitalia: Hydroptila marighellai sp. nov. can be recognized by the pliers-shaped tergum X; H. florestani sp. nov. can be recognized by having inferior appendages curved upwards in lateral view; and H. zerbinae sp. nov. differs from the other species of the denza group in the apex of the tergum X, which is wide in lateral view, and the undivided apical portion of the phallus. These are the first records of species of Hydroptila from Northeastern Brazil.

Hydroptila Dalman, 1819 is the most speciose genus of microcaddisflies.It comprises over 400 species, which are widely distributed (MARSHALL 1979, HARRIS & HOLZENTHAL 1999, MORSE 2014).MARSHALL (1979) recognized 13 geographically distinct species groups based on the structure of the male genitalia, but many species have been described since her revision most of which were not placed in any group.Currently, about 60 species have been described from the Neotropical Region, many by BUENO-SORIA (1984) and HARRIS & HOLZENTHAL (1999).In Brazil, only two species have been recorded so far: Hydroptila argentinica Flint, 1983 andH. producta Mosely, 1939, both occurring in the Southern and Southeastern regions (MOSELY 1939, FLINT 1983, DUMAS et al. 2009).ROSS (1944) and WIGGINS (1996) described larvae and pupae of a few Hydroptila species.Fifth-instar larvae can be recognized by the three apical abdominal gills, which are lost in the prepupal stage (WIGGINS 1996).As typical for Hydroptilidae, the larva builds a case immediately before the final instar.Larval cases have two compressed valves, usually covered with a layer of sand grains and lined internally with a silken web (NIELSEN 1948).
Three new species of Hydroptila are described and illustrated.They represent the first record of species of this genus from Northeastern Brazil.The new species are named in memory of the 50 th anniversary of the Military Coup in Brazil.They are named after leaders of the resistance to the military dictatorship.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Specimens were collected using Pennsylvania light (FROST 1957) and Malaise traps (GRESSIT & GRESSIT 1962) in the states of Alagoas, Bahia,Ceará,Pernambuco,and Piauí,Northeastern Brazil,and preserved in 96% ethanol.For the study of genital structures, the abdomen was removed and cleared in a heated solution of 10% KOH.Pencil sketches were made using a compound microscope (Carl Zeiss, Model Axiolab).Sketches were used as templates for tracing graphic vectors in Adobe Illustrator ® , version 5.1.Species descriptions were made using DELTA software -Descriptive Language for Taxonomy (DALLWITZ et al. 1999).Lists of material examined were made using AUTOMATEX macro (BROWN 2013).Terminology follows that of MARSHALL (1979)  Description.Holotype.Adult male.Body length (from tip of head to wing apex): 2.2 mm.General color: uniform brown (in alcohol).Head with small scent caps.Antennae simple, 35-articulated.Ocelli absent.Maxillary palpi 5-articulated.Labial palpi 3-articulated.Tibial spur formula 0, 2, 4. Venation of anterior wing distinct, veins reaching wing margin.Posterior wing with venation distinct; with long setae on anal margin.Mesoscutellum without transverse suture.Metascutellum subtriangular.Abdomen without visible modifications.Segment VII with a mesoventral process (Fig. 1).
Male genitalia.Segment VIII (Figs 1 and 3) annular.Segment IX with tergum reduced to a protruding lobe in dorsal view (Fig. 2); sternum with posterior margin concave (Fig. 1); with ventrolateral process directed posteriorly in lateral view, slightly curved inward in dorsal view (Fig. 3).Inferior appendages, in lateral view, narrow at base, widening distally with posterior margin truncate (Fig. 3); in ventral view, narrower at base than at apex, distal portion club-shaped, and apex slightly projected with a dark spot (Fig. 1).Subgenital plate rounded at apex, large, and with a pair of small setae apically (Fig. 1).Tergum X broad, mesally divided; distal portion pliers-shaped with posterior margin slightly emarginate in dorsal view (Fig. 2); in lateral view, rectangular with posterior margin truncate and dorsal margin slightly sclerotized (Fig. 3).Phallus with tubular basal portion, distal portion narrowing apically; with an apical sclerotized process sharply bent laterally (Fig. 4); paramere encircling shaft in median area; ejaculatory duct protruding apically (Fig. 4).
Female and immature stages unknown.
Remarks.Hydroptila marighellai sp.nov. is similar to H. pulestoni Flint, 1980, but can be distinguished by the shape of the inferior appendages in lateral view, phallus, and tergum X. Inferior appendages of both species are similar in ventral view, but in lateral view the narrow base and the subrectangular apical region of H. marighellai sp.nov are distinctive.In addition, although the phallus in both species has a similar sharply angled apex, the paramere is shorter and crosses the distal part in the new species.The more distinctive characteristic, which distinguishes H. marighellai sp.nov.from H. pulestoni and other Hydroptila species, is the pliers-shaped tergum X.
Etymology.This species is named in honor of Carlos Marighella, founder of the "Ação Libertadora Nacional", an movement of opposition to the Brazilian Military Government .
Female and immature stages unknown.Remarks.Hydroptila florestani sp.nov. shares some characteristics of the male genitalia with H. potosina Bueno-Soria, 1984 andH. arctia Ross, 1938.The general aspect of the inferior appendages in ventral view and the curved phallus apex are very similar in these three species.However, H. florestani sp.nov.can be recognized by having tergum X irregularly emarginate posteriorly, inferior appendages slender and curved outward in dorsal view, and ventrolateral process of segment IX shorter.
Intraspecific variation.Some individuals of this species have the apical process of the phallus not abruptly bent in dorsal view (Fig. 10) as described for the holotype (Figs 8 and 9).