A new species of Sulcana ( Hemiptera : Cicadellidae : Gyponini ) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Sulcana cunicula sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on four specimens from municipality of Sao Jose dos Pinhais, state of Parana, Brazil. This species can be distinguished from others in the genus by the following characters: (1) head produced, slightly shorter than median length of pronotum; (2) aedeagus bearing a pair of acute ventral processes at mid-length of shaft and extended dorsally. A new record to Sulcana brevis DeLong & Freytag and a key to the three species of the genus are also presented.

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Sulcana was described by DELONG & FREYTAG (1966) and diagnosed as follows: "Elongate, flat-headed leafhoppers with a flattened crown bearing two elongate median carinae, one either side of median line.Crown variable in length, always blunt, rounded.Eyes small, ocelli on basal third of crown.Crown flattened, almost parallel margined on basal half.Face with a broad, deep furrow extending from apex of crown almost half way to the clypeus.Pronotum distinctly shorter than crown.Forewings long and narrow with regular venation."These authors included two species from Mato Grosso State, Brazil: Sulcana brevis DeLong & Freytag, 1966 (type species) and Sulcana carinata DeLong & Freytag, 1966.Since that date, no other taxon have been described or new recorded.
In this work, a new species of Sulcana from Brazil, state of Paraná, is described and illustrated.A key to the three known species and a revised diagnosis of the genus are provided.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Examined specimens were deposited at the Coleção de Entomologia Pe.Jesus Santiago Moure, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil, Curitiba (DZUP).The terminology follows YOUNG (1968,1977), except for head features (HAMILTON 1981, MEJDALANI 1998) and leg chaetotaxy with abbreviations (RAKITOV 1997).Techniques for dissection of genitalia follow OMAN (1949), with a few modifications described in CAVICHIOLI & TAKIYA (2012).Label data are specified between quotation marks, with a backslash (\) separating lines on the labels and a semicolon separating labels attached to the same specimen.

TAXONOMY
Sulcana DeLong & Freytag, 1966Sulcana DeLong & Freytag, 1966: 309., 3) with several deep and minute pits.Crown variable in length, more than half as long as interocular width, bearing two longitudinal carinae, one on each side of median line; anterior margin foliaceous.Ocelli (Fig. 1) located before an imaginary line between anterior eye angles, each closer to median line of crown than adjacent to anterior eye angle and laterally in the longitudinal carinae.Front (Fig. 2) with deep median groove extending from apex of crown to approximately one-third of front.Genae with lateral margins sinuous.Hindleg with femoral setal formula 2:2:1:1 or 2:2:1; tibiae row AD with three slender intercalary setae between cucullate setae.Forewing (Fig. 4) long and narrow, lacking extra numerary veins and appendix reduced.Subgenital plate (Fig. 7) with acute apex and slightly turned upward.Style (Fig. 8) with deep notch in basal third on external margin, in dorsal view.with preatrium slightly produced; dorsal apodemes short and well divergent, almost T-shaped; lacking atrial processes.
Remarks.The median length of the crown shows great variation among the currently recognized species of Sulcana.For instance, it may be longer than the median length of the pronotum in S. carinata, approximately as long as in S. brevis, or slightly shorter in S. cunicula sp.nov.The lateral margins of the crown are almost parallel at the base in S. carinata.In other species, the lateral margins converge towards the apex of the crown.The examined specimens of S. brevis have femoral setal formula 2:2:1 with slight size variation in the setae between right and left femora, especially the AD 2 setae.Variation in femoral setal formula was previously observed by ENGEL & TAKIYA (2012) in specimens of Clinonana mirabilis (Spångberg, 1878).Species of Sulcana superficially resemble those of Sordana Delong, 1976 (three species with widespread distribution in South America) due to the presence of several dark minute pits at head and thorax; L-shaped style with hook-shaped apex, curved dorsally; subgenital plate with acute apex; and aedeagus lacking atrial processes.However, A new species of Sulcana (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest Alexandre Cruz Domahovski 1 & Rodney Ramiro Cavichioli 1 representatives of Sulcana can be differentiated by the greater median length of the crown, two longitudinal carina on each side of the median line and deeper pits at head and thorax.
Sordana has a single rounded elevation on the crown, between the ocelli and the median line, like a callus, with the ocelli located in the lateral margin of the sloping portion of the callus.

Species of Sulcana
Sulcana brevis DeLong & Freytag, 1966: 311. Brazil Remarks.This species was described from state of Mato Grosso, Brazil and herein firstly recorder from state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Figs. 1-21
Diagnosis.Head (Fig. 1) produced, median length approximately six-tenths interocular width, slightly shorter than median length of pronotum.Aedeagus  bearing a pair of acute ventral processes at mid-length of shaft and extended dorsally.
Description.Crown (Fig. 1) produced in dorsal view, median length approximately six-tenths interocular width; ocelli closer to median line than to eyes, nearer posterior margin of crown; clypeus slightly inflated in lateral view, base as wide as apex in frontal view (Fig. 2); anterior margin foliaceous in lateral view, lacking transverse striae (Fig. 3).Pronotum (Fig. 3) slightly declivous in lateral view, with transverse striae indistinct.Forewing (Fig. 4) approximately three times longer than wide, lacking extra numerary cross veins, with R1 vein, and three closed anteapical cells.Prothoracic femora with AD, AM and PD rows reduced, except for apical setae AD 1 , AM 1 and PD 1 ; rows AV and PV showing three sparse setae, distributed from base to apex; IC row formed by comb of fine setae, slightly arched, extended from distal half of femur to AM 1 .Hindleg with femoral setal formula 2:2:1.
Coloration.Head and thorax (Figs.1-3) pale brown with darker spots.Forewings (Fig. 4) translucent light brown, veins outlined with dark brown and black spots; inner margin and appendix dark brown.
Male terminalia.Sternite VIII (Fig. 5) approximately two times wider than long; posterolateral corners rounded, poste-rior margin with median portion slightly produced with a shallow V-shaped notch.Pygofer (Fig. 6) 1.6 times longer than its maximum height; posteroventral and posterodorsal margins converging towards round apex; apical half covered with macrosetae; valve approximately two times as wide as long; posterior margin straight.Subgenital plate (Fig. 6) in lateral view reaching apex of pygofer; apex dorsally curved; in ventral view (Fig. 7) approximately 4.5 times as long as wide, tapered and acute.Connective (Figs. 8-9) Y-shaped, stalk apex oriented ventrally; rami longer than stalk.Style L-shaped; in dorsal view (Fig. 8), with conspicuous truncate outer lobe; in lateral view (Fig. 10), blade slightly tapered towards the apex; ventral margin not serrated; apex hookshaped, dorsally curved.Aedeagus  with dorsal apodeme broad in posterior view, shaft slightly curved anteriorly, lacking apical processes and bearing a pair of acute ventral processes at mid-length of shaft and extended dorsally.
Remarks.Sulcana cunicula sp.nov.can be easily distinguished from other Sulcana species by the shape of the aedeagal shaft with ventral processes at mid-length.This species is similar to S. brevis due to the smaller length of the crown.