Two new species of Tydeidae (Acari: Prostigmata), records of species of this family and Triophtydeidae from Brazil

ABSTRACT

Two new species of Tydeidae are described, Brachytydeus lorenzatus sp. nov. and Quasitydeus feresi sp. nov. Brachytydeus lorenzatus sp. nov. differs from B. aegyptiaca (Rasmy & El Bagoury, 1979) by having a reticulated area on the region of f1 and f2 , dorsal setae smooth, solenidion (I shorter than or equal to the width of tarsus I, most setae on dorsal shield shorter than the length between their bases and setae d forked distally. The new species is distinguished from B. scutatus Silva, Rocha & Ferla, 2013 by having a slightly reticulate area on the aspidosoma, near setae bo , all dorsal setae slender and club-shaped. Quasitydeus feresi sp. nov. differs from the only other species of the genus, Q. ricensis (Baker, 1970), by having all dorsal setae simple and serrated, similar in shape. Eleven tydeoid species are reported also from several plants native to the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. This is the second species of Brachytydeus Thor, 1931 described from and the second species described for Quasitydeus Kaźmierski, 1996.

KEY WORDS:
Brachytydeus; Quasitydeus; Rio Grande do Sul; taxonomy; Tydeoidea

Species of Tydeidae and Triophtydeidae are widely distributed in the world, with the exception of Antarctica. These soft-bodied mites have idiosoma striated and sometimes reticulated or complex, with two prodorsal trichobothria (Kaźmierski 1998). Species of this group present movable cheliceral digit relatively short and needle-like, fixed digit of chelicera reduced and cheliceral bases fused (Kaźmierski 1998, Gerson et al. 2003). They can be associated with plants and inhabit several environments, such as moss, litter, straw, soil or humus, fungi, bird nests, stored food products and arboreal (on plants) (Walter et al. 2009). Until now, three species of Tydeidae are known from Brazil: Brachytydeus scutatus Silva, Rocha & Ferla, 2013, Tydeus riopardensis Silva, Cunha & Ferla, 2014 and Tydeus manoi Silva, Rocha & Ferla, 2014 (Silva et al. 2013, 2014). Twenty-six species of Brachytydeus Thor, 1931 sensu André (2005) have been recorded from the American continent, three of which occur in Brazil (Silva et al. 2013). Quasitydeus Kaźmierski, 1996 has included only the type-species, Quasitydeus ricensis (Baker, 1970), from Costa Rica. Here we describe and illustrate Brachytydeus lorenzatus sp. nov. and Quasitydeus feresi sp. nov. and provide new records of Tydeidae and Triophtydeidae for the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The study was carried out in Arroio do Meio (29°24'48"S, 51º55'06"W), Colinas (29°24'05"S, 51°53'19"W), Lajeado (29°25'47"S, 51°56'32"W), Muçum (29°07'97"S, 51°50'29"W), Taquari (29°49'04"S, 51°51'34"W), municipalities of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

All mites were collected from leaves of Annona neosalicifolia H.Rainer (Annonaceae); Eupatorium sp. (Asteraceae); Acalypha multicaulis Müll.Arg. (Euphorbiaceae); Byttneria australis St.-Hil., Luehea divaricata Mart., Pavonia sepium A.St.-Hil. (Malvaceae); Trichilia elegans A. Juss., Trichilia claussenii C.DC. (Meliaceae); Morus nigra L. (Moraceae); Myrciaria plinioides D. Legrand (Myrta ceae); Piper aduncum L., Piper amalago L. (Piperaceae); Allophylus edulis (A.St.-Hil., Cambess. & A. Juss.), Cupania vernalis camb. (Sapindaceae); Chrysophyllum gonocarpum (Mart. & Eichler) Engl. (Sapotaceae); Cestrum strigillatum Ruiz & Pav. (Solanaceae).

Four collecting sites were evaluated: three in the municipality of Tramandaí: sand dunes (Site 1: 29°58'56"S 50°07'46"W), containing the natural features of most sandy beaches, with continuous input of sands carried by prevailing winds; mangrove or swamp area (Site 2 - 30°03'02"S 50°13'28"W) and Northern Coast forest (Site 3: 30°04'50"S, 50°12'29"W), with representative regional ecosystem. In Osório, the area evaluated was Morro da Borrúsia (Site 4: 29°52'58"S, 50°17'37"W), within the Atlantic Forest Domain, representing the rainforest ecosystem (Rocha et al. 2015).

Mites were collected from plants by hand with a fine-tipped paintbrush and were mounted with Hoyer's medium on microscopic slides (Jeppson et al. 1975). They were dried on a slide warming plate, ringed with nail polish and their morphological details were studied under a phase contrast microscope. Drawings were made using a camera lucida and the lines were digitized using Corel Draw X5^(r). For the descriptions, dorsal setal notations follow Kaźmierski (1989) and those of the venter, gnathosoma, leg setae and lyrifissures follow André (1981a, b). Species were identified using the keys of Kaźmierski (1996, 1998) and Silva et al. (2013). Measurements are given in micrometers (μm) and measurements of the holotypes or illustrated specimens are shown in bold followed by the mean and range in parentheses. The legs were measured from the base of the trochanter to the end of the apotele.

Voucher specimens of each species were deposited in the mite reference collection of the Museu de Ciências Naturais of Centro Universitário UNIVATES (ZAUMCN), Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul.

TAXONOMY

Eleven tydeoids were on several native plants. They belong to six genera of Tydeidae within the Tydeinae (eight species), Pretydeinae (two species) and one species of the Triophtydeidae. The most abundant genus was Brachytydeus (four species), followed by Tydeus (three species) and Pretydeus (two species).

Tydeidae Kramer, 1877

Tydeinae Kramer sensu André, 1980

Afrotydeus Baker, 1970

Afrotydeus smileyi Kaźmierski, 1998

Afrotydeus smileyiKaźmierski, 1998: 355.

Locality of the examined species (number the specimens are in parentheses): Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul state: Site 3: Psidium cattleianum Sabine (Myrtaceae) XI-2011 (5), II-2012 (5), Inga marginata Willd. (Fabaceae) II-2012 (4), Handroanthus pulcherrimus (Sandwith) S.O. Grose (Bignoniaceae) II-2012 (3), Murtughas indica (L.) Kuntze (Lythraceae) II-2012 (1); Site 4: Nectandra megapotamica (Spreng.) Mez (Lauraceae) XI-2011 (2), Myrsine hermogenesii (Jung-Mendaçolli & Bernacci) Freitas & Kinoshita (Primulaceae) II-2012 (1), Casearia sylvestris Sw. (Salicaceae) II-2012 (3), Verbenoxylum reitzii (Moldenke) Tronc. (Verbenaceae) V-2012 (1).

Distribution. This species was described from undetermined tree in Costa Rica. It is the first record from Brazil.

Brachytydeus Thor, 1931

BrachytydeusThor, 1931: 102.

RaphitydeusThor, 1933: 54 sensu André, 2005.

LorryiaOudemans, 1925: 32 sensu Kaźmierski, 1989, 1996.

Brachytydeus benensis (Baker, 1968)

Lorryia benensisBaker, 1968: 998.

Locality of the examined species: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul state: Site 3: Eupatorium sp. (Asteraceae) VIII-2011 (4), Solanum concinnum Sendtn (Solanaceae) XI-2011 (2).

Distribution. This species was described from Tithonia speciosa Goldfinger, Democratic Republic of Congo. This is the first record from Brazil.

Brachytydeus formosa (Cooreman, 1958)

Brachytydeus formosaAndré, 2005: 975-1001; Thor, 1931: 102. Silva et al., 2014: 500.

Lorryia formosaCooreman, 1958: 7; Kaźmierski, 1998.

Locality of the examined species: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul state: Site 2: Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae) II-2012 (1), Cestrum bracteatum Link & Otto (Solanaceae) II-2012 (5), Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist (Asteraceae) II-2012 (1), Myrsine parvifolia DC. (Myrsinaceae) V-2012 (1), Varronia curassavica Jacq. (Boraginaceae) V-2012 (19); Site 3: P. cattleianum II-2012 (1), H. pulcherrimus II-2012 (1); Site 4: C. bracteatum VIII-2011 (1), C. sylvestris II-2012 (2), Sebastiania brasiliensis Spreng. (Euphorbiaceae) II-2012 (6).

Distribution. This species is distributed worldwide (Garcia Mari et al. 1985, 1986, Faraji & Kamali 1993, Kaźmierski 2008, Sadeghi et al. 2012, Sousa et al. 2015); it had been previously recorded from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Eichelberger et al. 2011, Johann et al. 2009, Klock et al. 2011, Silva et al., 2014).

Brachytydeus pinnigera (Kuznetzov, 1973)

Lorryia pinnigeraKuznetzov, 1973: 771.

Locality of the examined species: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul state, Site 4: Inga vera Willd. (Fabaceae) V-2012 (8).

Distribution. This species was described from Fraxinus sp. in Crimea. This is the first record from Brazil.

Brachytydeus lorenzatus Silva & N.J. Ferla, sp. nov.

Figs. 1-5

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C59837DF-A356-41E4-B51D-B7F8FED49460

Diagnosis. The new species resembles Brachytydeus aegyptiaca (Rasmy & El Bagoury, 1979) and Brachytydeus scutatusSilva, Rocha & Ferla, 2013 due to the reticulate area of the aspidosoma and opisthosoma, six pairs of setae on the anogenital area, lack of empodial hooks and setae ps1 situated on dorsally. Brachytydeus lorenzatus sp. nov. differs from B. aegyptiaca by having a reticula ted area on f1 and f2 , dorsal setae smooth, solenidion (I shorter than or equal to the width of tarsus I, most setae on dorsal shield shorter than the length between their bases and setae d forked distally. Brachytydeus lorenzatus sp. nov. is also distinguished from B. scutatus by having slightly reticulate area on the aspidosoma, near setae bo , whereas on B. scutatus have reticulate area near setae ro , la and bo . The dorsal setae of B. lorenzatus sp. nov. are slender, club-shaped and B. scutatus have all setae on dorsal side not broadly lanceolate with longitudinal groove and length of h1 and h2 not reaching bases of the next setae.

Description. Adult female (n = 10). Dimensions of holotype are as follows: length of idiosoma 200 195 (117-237) and width 150 166 (147-187). Dorsum (Fig. 1) Prodorsum recurved, two pairs of lyrifissures, 13 pairs of dorsal setae smooth blunt-tipped, except for trichobothrium (bo - bothridial setae), which is filiform and smooth. The striae density varies between setae ro (6-9). Setal measurements as follows: ro 17 17 (15-17), la 17 15 (12-20), bo 42 41 (35-50), ex 15 15 (15-17), c1 15 16 (12-20), c2 17 16 (15-17), d1 15 17 (15-20), e1 15 17 (15-20), f1 17 18 (17-20), f2 20 20, h1 20 19 (17-22), h2 20 19 (15-25) and ps1 20 18 (15-20). Setae f1 , f2 , h1 , h2 and ps1 on reticulated area. Venter (Fig. 2) Anogenital area with six pairs of genital setae, four pairs of aggenitals and one pair of pseudoanal setae. Genital striation pattern extended. Coxal organ oval. Epimeral formula: 3-1-4-2. Gnathosoma (Fig. 3) Setal pattern of palp (tarsus-genu): 5-2-2, tarsus with seta p 'z T-shaped distally, d distally bifurcate and ba equal length of d setae. Movable digit half-length of palptarsus, length of palp 65. Legs (Figs. 4, 5) Length of legs I-IV as follows: leg I 140 144 (115-165), leg II 100 109 (100-120), leg III 125 119 (100-127) and leg IV 125 126 (112-140). All legs with two claws and a hairy empodium, empodial claws absent. Solenidion vI short, slender, shorter than half the width of the tarsus, seta k on tibia I very short and not distally bifurcate. Tarsus I with ft ' equal length of ft ". Leg formulae as follows (tarsus -trochanter): Leg I: 8(1v)-3(1k)-3-3-1; Leg II: 6(1v)-2-2-3-0; Leg III: 5-2-1-2-1; Leg IV: 5-2-1-1-0.

Male: Unknown.

Figures 1-5
Brachytydeus lorenzatus sp. nov., female holotype: (1) dorsal view; (2) anogenital area; (3) palp; (4) leg I; (5) leg III. Scale bars: 1, 4, 5 = 10 µm, 2, 3 = 50 µm.

Type material. Holotype female, Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Colinas (29°23'36"S, 51°52'39"W), 12 February 2014, on M. nigra. Two paratypes females, same data as holotype on P. amalago . Six paratypes females, Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Arroio do Meio (29°24'48.9"S, 51°55'06.3"W), 31 March 2014, on A. multicaulis .

Locality of the examined species: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul state: Site 3: P. cattleianum II-2012 (1); Site 4: Thelypteris hispidula (Decne) C.F. Reed (Thelypteridaceae) XI-2011 (3), Quillaja brasiliensis (A.St.-Hil. & Tul.) Mart. (Quillajaceae) XI-2011 (19).

Etymology. The new species was named in honor of Dorvalino Lorenzato, an eminent agronomist and acarologist who lived at the end of 20^th century.

Remarks. The decision to classify this new species in Brachytydeus was made based on the fact that it has 10 pairs of setae (ps included) on the opisthosoma, palpal femurogenu with two setae, having one seta on trochanter I, tibia III and IV each with two setae, femur III with two setae and setae ft "( present on tarsus I (Kaźmierski 1998).

Quasitydeus Kaźmierski, 1996

QuasitydeusKaźmierski, 1996: 201.

Quasitydeus feresi Silva & N.J. Ferla, sp. nov.

Figs. 6-10

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1B750DC1-A330-4F6B-ACA1-5B41B1B21B2E

Diagnosis. Quasitydeus feresi sp. nov. differs from the only other species of the genus, Q. ricensis (Baker, 1970), by having all dorsal setae simple and serrated, similar in shape, whereas in Q. ricensis most dorsal setae are blunt distally and setae f2 , h1 are club-like.

Description. Adult female (n = 2). Dimensions of holotype are as follows: length of idiosoma 205 207 (205-210) and width 138 119 (100-138). Dorsum (Fig. 6): Prodorsum recurved, two pairs of lyrifissures, completely striated, 12 pairs of dorsal setae serrated, including trichobothrium (bo - bothridial setae), which is filiform and slightly serrated. Twelve striae between setae ro . Setal measurements as follows: ro 13 13, la 15 17 (15-19), bo 38 39 (38-40), ex 18 17 (16-18), c1 18 18, c2 18 16 (15-18), d1 20 20, e1 20 20, f1 20 20, f2 20 21 (20-22), h1 23 23 (23-24), h2 18 19 (18-20). Setae ps1 20 19 (19-20) situated ventrally. Venter (Fig. 7) Anogenital area with six pairs of genital setae, four pairs of aggenitals and one pair of pseudoanal setae (ps2 13 13). Genital striation pattern extended. Coxal organ not visualized. Epimeral formula: 3-1-4-2. Gnathosoma (Fig. 8) Setal pattern of palp (tarsus -genu): 6-2-2, tarsus with seta p 'z straight and gradually narrows towards tip, ended by narrow wedge-like cross-piece, d distally simple and ba shorter than d setae. Cheliceral stilettos 13 12 (10-13), length of palp 55 53 (50-55). Legs (Fig. 9-10) Length of legs I -IV as follows: leg I 123 126 (123-130), leg II 105 106 (105-108), leg III 113 115 (113-118) and leg IV 125 124 (123-125). All legs with two claws and a hairy empodium, empodial claws absent. Solenidion vI short 8 8, shorter than half the width of the tarsus, seta k on tibia I very short and distally bifurcate. Tarsus I with ft ' as long as ft ". Leg formulae as follows (tarsus -trochanter): Leg I: 8(1v)-3(1k)-3-3-1; Leg II: 6-2-2-3-0; Leg III: 5-2-1-1-0; Leg IV: 5-2-1-1-0.

Male: Unknown.

Figures 6-10
Quasitydeus feresi sp. nov., female holotype: (6) dorsal view; (7) anogenital area; (8) palp; (9) leg I; (10) leg III. Scale bars: 6, 9, 10 = 10 µm, 7, 8 = 50 µm.

Type material. Site 3: Holotype female, Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Tramandaí (30º04'50"S, 50º12'29"W), 15 August 2011, on Eupatorium sp. One paratype female, same data as holotype.

Etymology. The new species was named in honor to Reinaldo José Fazzio Feres, an eminent Acarologist of Brazil.

Locality of the examined species: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul state: Site 3: Eupatorium sp. VIII-2011(2).

Remarks. Based on André (1981a, b), the chaetotaxy of the legs and genital parts are the most important characters in the identification of genera and species. The classification of the new species in Quasitydeus is consistent with the following characters it displays: absence of setae on trochanter III, femur II with three setae and femur III with one seta (Kaźmierski 1998).

Tydeus (Koch, 1835) sensu (Kaźmierski, 1989)

Tydeus californicus (Banks, 1904)

Tydeus californicusKaźmierski, 1998: 344; Silva et al., 2014: 502.

Tydeus californicusBaker & Wharton, 1952: 192; Fleschner & Arakawa, 1953: 1092; Baker, 1970: 174.

Tetranychoides californicusBanks, 1904: 54.

Locality of the examined species: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul state: Site 1: Acicarpha tribuloides A. Juss. (Calyceraceae) VIII-2011 (4), unspecified plant species VIII-2011 (1), Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (Dysphaniaceae) II-2012 (1), V-2012 (2); Site 2: Fabaceae VIII-2011 (1), Adesmia latifolia (Spreng.) Vogel (Leguminosae) XI-2011 (2), Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) XI-2011 (3), II-2012 (24), V-2012 (47), Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels. (Myrtaceae) II-2012 (1), Rumohra adiantiformis (G. Forst.) Ching (Elaphoglossaceae) II-2012 (1), Xanthium strumarium L. (Asteraceae) II-2012 (6), C. bonariensis II-2012 (9), Solidago chilensis Meyen (Compositae) V-2012 (2), V. curassavica V-2012 (2), Desmodium sp. (Fabaceae) V-2012 (2); Site 3: P. cattleianum XI-2011 (1), Ficus cestrifolia Schott (Moraceae) XI-2011 (1), I. vera XI-2011 (5), I. marginata II-2012 (5), H. pulcherrimus II-2012 (55), Cecropia pachystachya Trécul (Urticaceae) II-2012 (9), S. concinnum II-2012 (3), M. indica II-2012 (6); Site 4: C. bracteatum VIII-2011 (1), Matayba eleagnoides Radlk. (Sapindaceae) VIII-2011 (1), unidentified plant species XI-2011 (2), Dendropanax cuneatus (DC.) Decne. & Planch. (Araliaceae) XI-2011 (24), T. hispidula XI-2011 (1), Boehmeria caudata Sw. (Urticaceae) XI-2011 (15), Q. brasiliensis XI-2011 (3), Trema micrantha (L.) Blume (Ulmaceae) XI-2011 (10), S. terebinthifolius XI-2011 (27), II-2012 (37), N. megapotamica XI-2011 (1), M. hermogenesii II-2012 (1), V-2012 (1), V. reitzii II-2012 (5), V-2012 (2), S. brasiliensis II-2012 (2), C. sylvestris II-2012 (4), Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels. (Myrtaceae) II-2012 (1), Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) Mart. (Meliaceae) V-2012 (1).

Distribution. This species is worldwide distributed (Baker & Wharton 1952, Fleschner & Arakawa 1953, Collyer 1964, Baker 1970, Rasmy et al. 1972, Daneshvar 1978, Natchev & Simova 1978, Abaii 1984, Momen 1987, Castagnoli 1989, Dellei & Szendrey 1989, 1991a,b, Molnár 1990, 1997, 2003, Kulczycki 1992, Faraji & Kamali 1993, Bozai 1997, Kaźmierski 1998, Ripka & Kaźmierski 1998, Cobanoglu & Kaźmierski 1999, Ripka 2000, Szendrey & Voigt 2000, Kamali et al. 2001, Ripka et al. 2002, 2005, 2013, Niemczyk 2007, Kasap & Cobanoglu 2007, Kaźmierski 2008, Sabbatini Peverieri et al. 2009, Kulikova 2011, Sadeghi et al. 2012); it was previously recorded on rubber trees in the state of São Paulo (Hernandes & Feres 2006) and in vineyards from the state of Rio Grande do Sul (Silva et al. 2014).

Tydeus caryae Khanjani & Ueckermann, 2003

Tydeus caryaeKhanjani & Ueckermann, 2003: 4.

Locality of the examined species: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul state: Site 4: C. bracteatum VIII-2011 (3), N. megapotamica XI-2011 (1), D. cuneatus XI-2011 (1), T. hispidula XI-2011 (1), B. caudata XI-2011 (1), Q. brasiliensis XI-2011 (6).

Distribution. This species was reported from Iran (Sadeghi et al. 2012). This is its first record from Brazil.

Tydeus costensis Baker, 1970

Tydeus (Tydeus ) costensisBaker, 1970

Tydeus costensisKaźmierski, 1998: 342; Hernandes & Feres, 2006: 13.

Locality of the examined species: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul state: Site 3: P. guajava V-2012 (1).

Distribution. This species was described from leaves of Datura sp. in Costa Rica and Nicaragua; Hernandes & Feres (2006) recorded this species from Hevea sp. and Zacarias & Moraes (2002), on Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae).

Pretydeinae André, 1980

Pretydeus André, 1980

Pretydeus henriandrei Kaźmierski, 1996

Pretydeus henriandreiKaźmierski, 1996: 173; Silva et al., 2014: 507.

Locality of the examined species: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul state: Site 4: S. brasiliensis II-2012 (2), Daphnopsis fasciculata (Meisn.) Nevling (Thymelaeaceae) II-2012 (1).

Distribution. This species was described from an undetermined tree in Costa Rica. It had been previously recorded from Brazil by Silva et al. (2014).

Pretydeus panitae (Baker, 1968)

Lorryia panitaeBaker, 1968: 990.

Pretydeus panitaeKaźmierski, 1996: 183.

Locality of the examined species: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul state: Site 4: M. eleagnoides VIII-2011 (1), S. terebinthifolius II-2012 (2), C. sylvestris II-2012 (1), D. fasciculata II-2012 (1).

Distribution. This species was described from citrus leaves in Thailand; Aranda & Flechtmann (1969) recorded this species from Brazil.

Triophtydeidae André, 1979

Triophtydeinae André, 1979

Triophtydeus Thor, 1932

Triophtydeus lebruni (André, 1980)

Triophtydeus lebruniAndré, 1985: 192; Silva et al., 2014: 497.

Metatriophtydeus lebruniAndré, 1980: 119.

Locality of the examined species: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul state: Site 3: H. pulcherrimus XI-2011 (1), S. concinnum II-2012 (3); Site 4: M. hermogenesii V-2012 (2).

Distribution. André (1980) described this species from vineyards, Cabernet Sauvignon variety from California, USA. Silva et al. (2014) had already recorded this species from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors would like to thank CNPq (process 311307/2014-0), CAPES, UNIVATES University Center and for the referees of Zoologia for their constructive comments. Also thank Elisete M. de Freitas (UNIVATES University Center) for the identification of plant species.

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Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  2016

History

• Received
  02 Aug 2015
• Reviewed
  18 Nov 2015
• Accepted
  23 Jan 2016