Three new species of the Amazonian millipede genus <i>Leptherpum</i> (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidae)

This study concerns the millipede genus Leptherpum Attems, 1931, which contains nine valid species distributed across the Amazonian rainforest of northeastern South America. The type species L. carinovatum (Attems, 1898) is reexamined based on the type material and high-resolution photographs, including the first scanning electron micrographs of this species. The following three new species are described: Leptherpum tialaura sp. nov. from the state of Pará, Brazil; Leptherpum battirolai sp. nov. from the state of Amazonas, Brazil; and Leptherpum buenovillegasi sp. nov. from the commune of Maripasoula, French Guiana. A brief review of Leptherpum taxonomy and geographic distribution is provided, along with a key to males.

KEY WORDS:
Brazil; Chelodesminae; Diplopoda; distribution; French Guiana; Guyana; Neotropical; Suriname; taxonomic key; Venezuela

Authorship

Rodrigo S. Bouzan

Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan. Avenida Vital Brasil 1500, 05503-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Instituto ButantanBrazilSão Paulo, SP, BrazilLaboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan. Avenida Vital Brasil 1500, 05503-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo. Rua do Matão 101, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Universidade de São PauloBrazilSão Paulo, SP, BrazilPrograma de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo. Rua do Matão 101, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Jackson C. Means

Department of Recent Invertebrates, Virginia Museum of Natural History. 21 Starling Avenue, Martinsville, Virginia, USA.Virginia Museum of Natural HistoryUSAMartinsville, Virginia, USADepartment of Recent Invertebrates, Virginia Museum of Natural History. 21 Starling Avenue, Martinsville, Virginia, USA.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7377-0696

Kaloyan Ivanov

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8190-1991

Thaís Melo de Almeida

Laboratório de Sistemática e Ecologia de Invertebrados do Solo, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia. Avenida André Araújo 2936, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil.Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazôniaBrazilManaus, AM, BrazilLaboratório de Sistemática e Ecologia de Invertebrados do Solo, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia. Avenida André Araújo 2936, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0282-1043

Antonio Domingos Brescovit

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1511-5324

Luiz Felipe M. Iniesta

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0529-4162

Corresponding author: Rodrigo S. Bouzan (rodrigobouzan@outlook.com)

Editorial responsibility

Ricardo Pinto da Rocha

Author Contributions

RSB and LFMI conceived the manuscript; RSB, LFMI, JCM, KI and TMA analyzed the specimens. ADB collected specimens in field. RSB described the new species. RSB and LFMI carried out the microscope work and wrote the manuscript with support from JCM, KI, TMA and ADB. All authors discussed the results and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures

Figures (11)

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Figures 1-2
Habitus of living Leptherpum tialaura sp. nov. Photo: G. Puorto.

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Figures 3-8
General somatic features of L. carinovatum (Attems, 1898Attems CG (1898) System der Polydesmiden. I. Theil. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 67: 221-482). (3) male (IBSP 8300), head, oral view; (4) male (IBSP 8300), gnathochilarium, ventral view; (5) male (IBSP 8300), antenna, lateral view; (6) male (IBSP 8300), coxae of 2^nd pair of legs, showing the gonopores, ventral view; (7) male syntype (ZMH), detail of body rings 6-7, ventral view; (8) male (IBSP 8300), body ring 7, detail of gonopod aperture, ventral view. The arrows point to the gonopores. Scale bars: 3-5, 8 = 1 mm; 6 = 500 µm; 7 = 2.5 mm.

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Figures 9-14
General somatic features of LeptherpumAttems, 1931Attems CG (1931) Die Familie Leptodesmidae und andere Polydesmiden. Zoologica Stuttgart (79): 1-150.. (9), (11), (13) L. carinovatum (IBSP 8300), male, metazonites, dorsal view. (9) body ring 8; (11) body ring 9; (13) detail of tubercles of body ring 9; (10), (12), (14) Leptherpum tialaura sp. nov. (male holotype, IBSP 7972), metazonites, dorsal view; (10) body ring 8; (12) body ring 9; (14) detail of tubercles of body ring 9. Scale bars: 9-11 = 1 mm; 12 = 2 mm; 13 = 100 µm; 14 = 200 µm.

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Figures 15-18
Gonopodal features of LeptherpumAttems, 1931Attems CG (1931) Die Familie Leptodesmidae und andere Polydesmiden. Zoologica Stuttgart (79): 1-150.. (15) L. carinovatum (IBSP 8300), male, right gonopod, mesal view; (16) L. carinovatum (IBSP 8300), male, left gonopod, ectal view; (17) L. tialaura sp. nov. (IBSP 7952), male, left gonopod, mesal view; (18) L. tialaura sp. nov. (IBSP 7952), male, right gonopod, ectal view. The arrow refers to the spiniform process. Scale bars: 15-18 = 500 µm.

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Figures 19-22
Leptherpum tialaura sp. nov. (IBSP 4130), female. (19) epigyne, ventral view; (20) left vulva, ventral view; (21), (22) right vulva, ventrolateral view. Scale bars: 19 = 500 µm; 20 = 300 µm; 21-22 = 400 µm.

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Figures 23-28
Leptherpum carinovatum (Attems, 1898Attems CG (1898) System der Polydesmiden. I. Theil. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 67: 221-482), male syntype (ZMH). (23) anterior body rings, dorsal view; (24) midbody rings, dorsal view; (25) posterior body rings, dorsal view; (26), (27) left gonopod, mesal view, different gonopod tilt degrees; (28) left gonopod, ectal view. Scale bars: 23-24 = 5 mm; 25 = 2.5 mm; 26-28 = 100 µm.

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Figures 29-34
Leptherpum tialaura sp. nov., male holotype (IBSP 7972). (29) anterior body rings, dorsal view; (30) midbody rings, dorsal view; (31) posterior body rings, dorsal view; (32) right gonopod, mesal view; (33) right gonopod, ventral view; (34) right gonopod, ectal view. Scale bars: 29-34 = 1 mm.

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Figures 35-40
Leptherpum buenovillegasi sp. nov., male holotype (INPA 396). (35) anterior body rings, dorsal view; (36) midbody rings, dorsal view; (37) posterior body rings, dorsal view; (38) right gonopod, mesal view; (39) right gonopod, ventral view; (40) right gonopod, ectal view. Scale bars: 35-37 = 2 mm; 38-40 = 500 µm.

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Figures 41-46
Leptherpum battirolai sp. nov., male holotype (INPA 397). (41) anterior body rings, dorsal view; (42) midbody rings, dorsal view; (43) posterior body rings, dorsal view; (44) right gonopod, mesal view; (45) right gonopod, ventral view; (46) right gonopod, ectal view. Scale bars: 41-43 = 2 mm; 44-46 = 500 µm.

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Figures 47-52
Leptherpum battirolai sp. nov. (47), (48) male holotype (INPA 397). (47) leg of body ring 8, lateral view; (48) sternite of body ring 10, ventral view; (49)-(52) female paratype (INPA 398). (49) epigyne, ventral view; (50), (51) right vulva, ventral view; (52) right vulva, lateral view. Scale bars: 47 = 2 mm; 48-49 = 1 mm; 50-51 = 500 µm.

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Figure 53
Distribution map of LeptherpumAttems, 1931Attems CG (1931) Die Familie Leptodesmidae und andere Polydesmiden. Zoologica Stuttgart (79): 1-150. species. Taxa without precise geographic coordinates, i.e., L. californicum, L. huebneri, and L. schomburgkii, are not shown.

Figures 1-2 Habitus of living Leptherpum tialaura sp. nov. Photo: G. Puorto.

Figures 3-8 General somatic features of L. carinovatum (Attems, 1898Attems CG (1898) System der Polydesmiden. I. Theil. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 67: 221-482). (3) male (IBSP 8300), head, oral view; (4) male (IBSP 8300), gnathochilarium, ventral view; (5) male (IBSP 8300), antenna, lateral view; (6) male (IBSP 8300), coxae of 2^nd pair of legs, showing the gonopores, ventral view; (7) male syntype (ZMH), detail of body rings 6-7, ventral view; (8) male (IBSP 8300), body ring 7, detail of gonopod aperture, ventral view. The arrows point to the gonopores. Scale bars: 3-5, 8 = 1 mm; 6 = 500 µm; 7 = 2.5 mm.

Figures 9-14 General somatic features of LeptherpumAttems, 1931Attems CG (1931) Die Familie Leptodesmidae und andere Polydesmiden. Zoologica Stuttgart (79): 1-150.. (9), (11), (13) L. carinovatum (IBSP 8300), male, metazonites, dorsal view. (9) body ring 8; (11) body ring 9; (13) detail of tubercles of body ring 9; (10), (12), (14) Leptherpum tialaura sp. nov. (male holotype, IBSP 7972), metazonites, dorsal view; (10) body ring 8; (12) body ring 9; (14) detail of tubercles of body ring 9. Scale bars: 9-11 = 1 mm; 12 = 2 mm; 13 = 100 µm; 14 = 200 µm.

Figures 15-18 Gonopodal features of LeptherpumAttems, 1931Attems CG (1931) Die Familie Leptodesmidae und andere Polydesmiden. Zoologica Stuttgart (79): 1-150.. (15) L. carinovatum (IBSP 8300), male, right gonopod, mesal view; (16) L. carinovatum (IBSP 8300), male, left gonopod, ectal view; (17) L. tialaura sp. nov. (IBSP 7952), male, left gonopod, mesal view; (18) L. tialaura sp. nov. (IBSP 7952), male, right gonopod, ectal view. The arrow refers to the spiniform process. Scale bars: 15-18 = 500 µm.

Figures 19-22 Leptherpum tialaura sp. nov. (IBSP 4130), female. (19) epigyne, ventral view; (20) left vulva, ventral view; (21), (22) right vulva, ventrolateral view. Scale bars: 19 = 500 µm; 20 = 300 µm; 21-22 = 400 µm.

Figures 23-28 Leptherpum carinovatum (Attems, 1898Attems CG (1898) System der Polydesmiden. I. Theil. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 67: 221-482), male syntype (ZMH). (23) anterior body rings, dorsal view; (24) midbody rings, dorsal view; (25) posterior body rings, dorsal view; (26), (27) left gonopod, mesal view, different gonopod tilt degrees; (28) left gonopod, ectal view. Scale bars: 23-24 = 5 mm; 25 = 2.5 mm; 26-28 = 100 µm.

Figures 29-34 Leptherpum tialaura sp. nov., male holotype (IBSP 7972). (29) anterior body rings, dorsal view; (30) midbody rings, dorsal view; (31) posterior body rings, dorsal view; (32) right gonopod, mesal view; (33) right gonopod, ventral view; (34) right gonopod, ectal view. Scale bars: 29-34 = 1 mm.

Figures 35-40 Leptherpum buenovillegasi sp. nov., male holotype (INPA 396). (35) anterior body rings, dorsal view; (36) midbody rings, dorsal view; (37) posterior body rings, dorsal view; (38) right gonopod, mesal view; (39) right gonopod, ventral view; (40) right gonopod, ectal view. Scale bars: 35-37 = 2 mm; 38-40 = 500 µm.

Figures 41-46 Leptherpum battirolai sp. nov., male holotype (INPA 397). (41) anterior body rings, dorsal view; (42) midbody rings, dorsal view; (43) posterior body rings, dorsal view; (44) right gonopod, mesal view; (45) right gonopod, ventral view; (46) right gonopod, ectal view. Scale bars: 41-43 = 2 mm; 44-46 = 500 µm.

Figures 47-52 Leptherpum battirolai sp. nov. (47), (48) male holotype (INPA 397). (47) leg of body ring 8, lateral view; (48) sternite of body ring 10, ventral view; (49)-(52) female paratype (INPA 398). (49) epigyne, ventral view; (50), (51) right vulva, ventral view; (52) right vulva, lateral view. Scale bars: 47 = 2 mm; 48-49 = 1 mm; 50-51 = 500 µm.

Figure 53 Distribution map of LeptherpumAttems, 1931Attems CG (1931) Die Familie Leptodesmidae und andere Polydesmiden. Zoologica Stuttgart (79): 1-150. species. Taxa without precise geographic coordinates, i.e., L. californicum, L. huebneri, and L. schomburgkii, are not shown.

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Three new species of the Amazonian millipede genus <i>Leptherpum</i> (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidae)

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[1] Corresponding author: Rodrigo S. Bouzan (rodrigobouzan@outlook.com)