Acta Amazonicahttps://www.scielo.br/journal/aa/feed/2024-01-16T19:49:15.880000ZVol. 54 No. 2 - 2024WerkzeugEconomic, environmental and social threats of a mining exploration proposal on indigenous lands of Brazil10.1590/1809-43922023019222024-01-16T19:49:15.880000Z2020-08-09T06:48:06.416000ZPRASNIEWSKI, Victor M.GONZÁLEZ-DAZA, WilliamALVARENGA, Gabriela do ValleSANTOS-SILVA, LorhaineTEIXIDO, Alberto L.IZZO, Thiago J.
<em>Prasniewski, Victor M.</em>;
<em>González-Daza, William</em>;
<em>Alvarenga, Gabriela Do Valle</em>;
<em>Santos-Silva, Lorhaine</em>;
<em>Teixido, Alberto L.</em>;
<em>Izzo, Thiago J.</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT Deforestation, mining, pollution and the construction of hydroelectric plants are among the main risks for biological communities, ecosystems and indigenous peoples. In the Brazilian Amazon, historically there has been political pressure to reduce the constitutional rights of indigenous peoples, especially regarding mining activities and the construction of hydroelectric plants. This culminated in a law proposal allowing mining in indigenous lands (PL 191/2020), proposed during the last presidential term in Brazil (2018-2022), which sparked a heated debate in both the legal and ethical spheres. In this article we present objective arguments for the negative effects of mining on indigenous lands, using PL 191/2020 as a model to debate the consequences of such policies for biodiversity, ecosystem services, increased risks for humans due to pollutants and epidemics, and how this law violates the main objectives of the Agenda 2030 for sustainable development. Particularly in the Brazilian Amazon, the negative effects of this law on human life quality, economy and the ecosystems are greater than the supposed positive effects projected into the future. We suggest rethinking the feasibility of mining on indigenous lands and reiterate the importance of conserving these lands and other protected areas in the Amazon intact as a heritage of all Brazilians and the wider human kind.Effect of ethylcellulose coating of albendazole-medicated feed on the efficacy of acanthocephalosis treatment in naturally parasitized tambaqui (<i>Colossoma macropomum</i>)10.1590/1809-43922022019732024-01-16T19:49:15.880000Z2020-08-09T06:48:06.416000ZCORDEIRO, Rafaelle P.BRAGA, Patrícia A. de C.JONSSON, Claudio M.BRANDÃO, Franmir R.CHAGAS, Edsandra C.REYES, Felix G. R.
<em>Cordeiro, Rafaelle P.</em>;
<em>Braga, Patrícia A. De C.</em>;
<em>Jonsson, Claudio M.</em>;
<em>Brandão, Franmir R.</em>;
<em>Chagas, Edsandra C.</em>;
<em>Reyes, Felix G. R.</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT Coating medicated fish feed with a polymer minimizes the chances of drug leaching into the water. Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) is an economically important Amazonian fish frequently parasitized by the acanthocephalan Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae. In this study, we compared the effect of ethylcellulose (EC 0.75%) coating of feed medicated with the antihelminthic albendazole (ABZ 10 mg kg bw-1) and uncoated feed on treatment efficacy and bioaccumulation of ABZ in naturally parasitized tambaqui during 35 days. Treatment efficacy was 34% and 66% in fish fed uncoated and coated feed, respectively, but did not vary significantly among treatments. Total ABZ residue reached concentrations from 122.0 to 151.7 ng g-1, and did not vary significantly among treatments. The biomagnification factor was low, ranging from 0.0003 to 0.0004. EC coating did not significantly affect the efficacy of ABZ treatment and did not interfere with ABZ bioaccumulation in the edible tissue of tambaqui.Notes on morphology, taxonomy and geographic distribution of <i>Apeiba</i> (Malvaceae, Grewioideae) in the Brazilian Amazon10.1590/1809-43922023018412024-01-16T19:49:15.880000Z2020-08-09T06:48:06.416000ZSECCO, Ricardo de S.COLLI-SILVA, MatheusSANTOS SOUZA, Júlio
<em>Secco, Ricardo De S.</em>;
<em>Colli-Silva, Matheus</em>;
<em>Santos Souza, Júlio</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT Apeiba (Malvaceae, Grewioideae) is an important component of the Neotropical flora, but taxonomic knowledge of its species is limited, particularly within the Amazon region. This study aimed to provide an updated taxonomic treatment of Apeiba native to Brazil, with focus on Amazonian collections. Species of Apeiba are trees with large yellowish-white flowers with a very particular fruit, an indehiscent capsule, usually globose to slightly flattened, covered either by long and numerous bristles, or densely apiculate. We provide synoptic descriptions for each Amazonian Apeiba species from Brazil, and comments on relevant synonyms and designated lectotypes for three names. We also provide an identification key, a list of examined material and distribution data, including a list of new occurrence records for some Brazilian states. Illustrations and notes on taxonomy and nomenclature are also included when appropriate.<i>Philcoxia cachimboensis</i> (Plantaginaceae): a new carnivorous species from Serra do Cachimbo, eastern Amazon, Brazil10.1590/1809-43922023017112024-01-16T19:49:15.880000Z2020-08-09T06:48:06.416000ZLOPES-NETO, Ray BalieiroCARDOSO, Juni BaiaSCATIGNA, André Vito
<em>Lopes-Neto, Ray Balieiro</em>;
<em>Cardoso, Juni Baia</em>;
<em>Scatigna, André Vito</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT A new species of Philcoxia (Plantaginaceae) from Serra do Cachimbo, eastern Amazon, Brazil, is described and discussed. Philcoxia cachimboensis sp. nov. is mainly characterized by the corolla with asymmetrically obovate (liver-shaped) lateral lobes, with truncate to sub-emarginate apex. This is the first record of the genus in the Brazilian Amazon. A morphological description, illustration and photographs, conservation status assessment, an updated identification key for the recognized species of Philcoxia, and comparative taxonomic comments are provided.Properties of MDF manufactured with mixtures of wood from paricá plantations and wood waste from native Amazonian species10.1590/1809-43922023004012024-01-16T19:49:15.880000Z2020-08-09T06:48:06.416000ZRIBEIRO, Victor Cezar NepomucenoBORTOLETTO JÚNIOR, Geraldo
<em>Ribeiro, Victor Cezar Nepomuceno</em>;
<em>Bortoletto Júnior, Geraldo</em>;
<br/><br/>
ABSTRACT Brazil stands out as one of the largest manufacturers of MDF (medium density fiberboard) in the world. The industries are concentrated in the south and southeast of the country and are primarily based on the use of Pinus and Eucalyptus wood, which are available in extensive planted areas. In the northern region, there is only one MDF industrial plant. Despite an abundance of potential raw materials in this region, there is a lack of studies on native species wood and their industrial waste utilization for MDF production. The present study aimed to evaluate the properties of MDF manufactured from a mixture of cultivated paricá (Schizolobium amazonicum) wood and wood waste from native Amazonian species. The study assessed the isolated effects of different proportions of the raw materials and panel thicknesses on MDF properties. Panels were produced, and samples were obtained for testing. Using standard procedures, the following properties were determined: density, water absorption, thickness swelling, internal bonding, static bending, and resistance to screw withdrawal. The results revealed a significant impact of the analyzed variables on some physical and mechanical properties of MDF. With the exception of internal bonding, all other properties of the evaluated MDF panels met the specified regulatory requirements for use in furniture manufacturing. It is concluded that mixtures of the assessed raw materials have great potential for MDF production in the furniture industry. However, adjustments in the production process are recommended to improve the internal bonding property.