Neotropical Ichthyologyhttps://www.scielo.br/journal/ni/feed/2024-01-23T19:59:22.625000ZVol. 22 No. 1 - 2024WerkzeugA new species of <i>Ancistrus</i> (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), with a redescription of <i>Ancistrus brevipinnis</i> and further evidence of hidden diversity in the laguna dos Patos system, Brazil10.1590/1982-0224-2023-00782024-01-23T19:59:22.625000Z2020-08-09T06:48:46.842000ZWidholzer, Ronaldo L.Borsoi, JessicaReis, Roberto E.Lehmann A., Pablo
<em>Widholzer, Ronaldo L.</em>;
<em>Borsoi, Jessica</em>;
<em>Reis, Roberto E.</em>;
<em>Lehmann A., Pablo</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract A new species of Ancistrus is described from the rio Vacacaí drainage, rio Jacuí basin, laguna dos Patos system, southern Brazil. The new species differs from A. brevipinnis, the common species in the laguna dos Patos system, by having a dark brown to black background body color and dorsal and caudal fins plain dark, without lighter spots or bands. A morphometric and molecular comparison of different populations of A. brevipinnis from the laguna dos Patos system suggests that previously undetected species diversity is present in that basin. The type-locality of A. brevipinnis, originally described as Rio Grande do Sul State, is herein restricted to the rio Camaquã sub-basin of the laguna dos Patos system, and a redescription of A. brevipinnis is provided based on that population.New reddish species of <i>Moenkhausia</i> Eigenmann (Characiformes: Characidae) from the upper rio Xingu basin, Brazil10.1590/1982-0224-2023-00892024-01-23T19:59:22.625000Z2020-08-09T06:48:46.842000ZReia, LaisSilva, Gabriel de Sousa Costa eOliveira, ClaudioBenine, Ricardo Cardoso
<em>Reia, Lais</em>;
<em>Silva, Gabriel De Sousa Costa E</em>;
<em>Oliveira, Claudio</em>;
<em>Benine, Ricardo Cardoso</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract A new species of Moenkhausia from the rio Culuene, rio Xingu basin, in Mato Grosso State is described here through genetic and morphological data. This new species differs from all congeners by the following combination of characters: the presence of reddish color on the posterior portion of the body, as well as on the base of anal, adipose, and pelvic fins in live specimens; a conspicuous midlateral dark stripe, which extends from posterior margin of opercle to the middle of caudal-fin rays, becoming wider and more conspicuous from the vertical through the dorsal-fin origin; absence of humeral blotch; absence of blotches on caudal-fin lobes; by having the concentration of dark pigments on the anterior margin of the caudal-fin rays; and presence of 2–3 maxillary teeth. A brief discussion about its putative relationships with other congeners is presented.A new long-snouted <i>Corydoras</i> (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) from the rio Xingu and rio Tapajós basins, Brazilian Amazon10.1590/1982-0224-2023-01122024-01-23T19:59:22.625000Z2020-08-09T06:48:46.842000ZTencatt, Luiz Fernando CasertaCouto, Ondina Lillan Pinto doSantos, Sérgio Alexandre dosSousa, Leandro Melo de
<em>Tencatt, Luiz Fernando Caserta</em>;
<em>Couto, Ondina Lillan Pinto Do</em>;
<em>Santos, Sérgio Alexandre Dos</em>;
<em>Sousa, Leandro Melo De</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract A new species of Corydoras is described from the rio Xingu and rio Tapajós basins, Pará State, Brazil. The new species can be promptly distinguished from its congeners by the combination of the following features: (I) temporal sensory canal at sphenotic with two pores; (II) upper tooth plate of branchial arch with three or four series of teeth; (III) area at the corner of the mouth, ventral to the maxillary barbel, with a small, roughly triangular fleshy flap, not forming an elongated barbel-like structure; (IV) contact between posterior process of the parieto-supraoccipital and nuchal plate; (V) dark stripe transversally crossing the orbit, forming a mask-like blotch; (VI) absence of a distinct color pattern along midline of flank; (VII) dorsolateral body plates only with small, irregular, rounded or vertically elongated dark brown or black blotches; ground color of plates typically dusky but not forming large, conspicuous black patches; and (VIII) absence of a relatively large, conspicuous dark patch on anterior portion of dorsal fin.Multidecadal fishers’ knowledge reveals overexploitation of sharks in southeastern Brazil10.1590/1982-0224-2023-00872024-01-23T19:59:22.625000Z2020-08-09T06:48:46.842000ZFogliarini, Carine O.Giglio, Vinicius J.Bender, Mariana G.Ferreira, Carlos E. L.
<em>Fogliarini, Carine O.</em>;
<em>Giglio, Vinicius J.</em>;
<em>Bender, Mariana G.</em>;
<em>Ferreira, Carlos E. L.</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract Assessing the impacts caused by fisheries requires long-term data series and continuous landing monitoring, which are still scarce in several low and middle-income countries. Alternative approaches, such as fishers’ local ecological knowledge (LEK) have been employed to assess the history of marine resources and overcome the challenges of missing data. We documented temporal changes over the last 60 years in small-scale fisheries in Arraial do Cabo, Brazil. Interviews with 155 fishers revealed the capture of six shark species (one genus), all under extinction risk according to the global and the national Red Lists. Among these, Carcharhinus brevipinna, Carcharhinus plumbeus, and Isurus oxyrinchus are commercially important. While LEK suggests an increase in fishing efforts, with new fishing grounds emerging after 2006, the number of individuals caught has decreased over time. Historical shark exploitation has led to substantial declines in the catches of C. plumbeus and C. brevipinna, which have rare occurrences in the region. Although landing data are critical information for building local fisheries management plans and setting conservation strategies, monitoring in the region is discontinuous and should be prioritized by public policies.Daily rhythm of locomotor and reproductive activity in the annual fish <i>Garcialebias reicherti</i> (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)10.1590/1982-0224-2023-01002024-01-23T19:59:22.625000Z2020-08-09T06:48:46.842000ZOlivera, AndresPassos, CarlosVazquez, Juan I.Tassino, BettinaMigliaro, Adriana
<em>Olivera, Andres</em>;
<em>Passos, Carlos</em>;
<em>Vazquez, Juan I.</em>;
<em>Tassino, Bettina</em>;
<em>Migliaro, Adriana</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract Daily rhythms of behavior and their synchronization in relevant social contexts are fundamental for the survival and reproductive success of all animal species. South American annual fish are adapted to extreme environmental conditions, where the ponds they inhabit dry out as the year progresses, while engaging in reproductive behavior from sexual maturity to death. The ever-changing environmental cycles these species are subjected to makes them an excellent model for studying the expression of biological rhythms in nature. In this work we show for the first time that Garcialebias reicherti, an annual fish native to Uruguay shows daily rhythms in both their locomotor and reproductive behavior. This species shows diurnal behavioral patterns, with neither sex nor reproductive context affecting the phase relationship between the light/dark cycle and activity. However, reproductive context modulates the amount of locomotor activity and leads to synchronization between members of the dyads, while introducing a second behavioral rhythm for reproductive events. Reproductive context emerges as a significant modulator of rhythmic behavior, driving circadian rhythms synchronization alongside environmental zeitgebers, while illuminating the complexity of physiological and behavioral coordination.A new species of <i>Inpaichthys</i> from the rio Canamã, rio Aripuanã basin, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, with a redefinition of the genus (Characidae: Stethaprioninae)10.1590/1982-0224-2023-01132024-01-23T19:59:22.625000Z2020-08-09T06:48:46.842000ZFerreira, Katiane M.Ribeiro, Alexandre C.Lima, Flávio C. T.Silva, Hugmar P. daFerreira, Daniela C.Mirande, Juan Marcos
<em>Ferreira, Katiane M.</em>;
<em>Ribeiro, Alexandre C.</em>;
<em>Lima, Flávio C. T.</em>;
<em>Silva, Hugmar P. Da</em>;
<em>Ferreira, Daniela C.</em>;
<em>Mirande, Juan Marcos</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract A new species of Inpaichthys is described from a tributary of the rio Canamã, rio Aripuanã basin, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The new species can be diagnosed from its congeners by the color pattern in life and by morphometric and meristic features. A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Characidae, conducted to assess the generic placement of the new species, revealed that Hasemania nambiquara is also a member of Inpaichthys and thus transferred to this genus. A monophyletic group composed of the three known species of Inpaichthys is hypothesized to be related to Nematobrycon and a clade composed of Carlana, Pseudochalceus, and Rhoadsia, among the taxa herein analyzed. A diagnosis for Inpaichthys and morphometric and meristic data of I. kerri are also presented.A new striped species of <i>Brachychalcinus</i> (Ostariophysi: Characiformes) from Amapá and Pará states, northern Brazil10.1590/1982-0224-2023-00702024-01-23T19:59:22.625000Z2020-08-09T06:48:46.842000ZGarcia-Ayala, James RaulLima, Flávio César Thadeo deGama, Cecile de SouzaBenine, Ricardo Cardoso
<em>Garcia-Ayala, James Raul</em>;
<em>Lima, Flávio César Thadeo De</em>;
<em>Gama, Cecile De Souza</em>;
<em>Benine, Ricardo Cardoso</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract A new species of Brachychalcinus is described from the rio Mapaoni, rio Jari basin, and the coastal rio Araguari, Amapá and Pará states, Brazil. The new species is distinguished from all congeners, except B. reisi, by possessing conspicuous longitudinal dark stripes across the body. It can be diagnosed from B. reisi by having longer predorsal and preanal spines, by having scales with few curved radii, and by having more scale rows between lateral line and midventral scale series. A single specimen from rio Tapajós (Pará, Brazil) bears all the diagnostic features of the new species and is herein tentatively identified as belonging to this taxon, extending its distribution to this river basin.A new species of <i>Bryconamericus</i> (Characidae: Stevardiinae) with breeding tubercles from the upper rio Paraná basin10.1590/1982-0224-2023-00492024-01-23T19:59:22.625000Z2020-08-09T06:48:46.842000ZPedroso, Thiago HenriqueDeprá, Gabriel de CarvalhoPavanelli, Carla Simone
<em>Pedroso, Thiago Henrique</em>;
<em>Deprá, Gabriel De Carvalho</em>;
<em>Pavanelli, Carla Simone</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract Five species of Bryconamericus are known from the upper rio Paraná basin: ‘B.’ aff. iheringii, ‘B.’ coeruleus, B.stramineus, ‘B.’ turiuba and the non-native B. exodon. The new species can be easily distinguished from them by its body depth (27.8–31.8% SL) and the teeth aligned in the outer row of the premaxilla (except ‘B.’ aff. iheringii). The new species is distributed in tributaries to the Piquiri, Ivaí and Tibagi rivers, at altitudes between 498 and 900 m a.s.l. The geographic distribution of the new species is similar to the congener ‘B.’ coeruleus. Other species with similar distribution are Apareiodon vladii and Planaltina kaingang, although they only occur in the Piquiri and Ivaí river basins. Furthermore, this work records the new species with the presence of breeding tubercles. These tubercles are located on the dorsal and lateral portions of the head and on the posterior margin of the scales of mature males; and in females, when present, they are smaller and restricted to the posterior margin of the scales. Comments are made on the presence of breeding tubercles in other groups of fishes, and also on some dimorphic characters present in the new species.Redescription of <i>‘Chasmocranus’ brachynema</i> (Heptapteridae: Heptapterini)10.1590/1982-0224-2023-00912024-01-23T19:59:22.625000Z2020-08-09T06:48:46.842000ZDeprá, Gabriel de CarvalhoSlobodian, Veronica
<em>Deprá, Gabriel De Carvalho</em>;
<em>Slobodian, Veronica</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The endangered species ‘Chasmocranus’ brachynema is redescribed and diagnosed among other Heptapterini by having the adipose fin extensively fused with the caudal fin, caudal fin shallowly bifurcate, and anal-fin insertion posterior to a vertical through the adipose-fin insertion, in addition to peculiarities of the head and mouth morphology. The species seems to be very rare, known only from five preserved specimens from the main channels of the Paraná and Mogi-Guaçu rivers, and from a tributary of the rio Ivaí, all in the Upper Paraná ecoregion.Mislabeling, illegal capture, and commercialization of Atlantic goliath grouper (<i>Epinephelus itajara</i>) on the Brazilian coast using DNA barcoding10.1590/1982-0224-2023-00992024-01-23T19:59:22.625000Z2020-08-09T06:48:46.842000ZAlmeida, Lorena LopesHostim-Silva, MaurícioCondini, Mario ViníciusFreitas, Matheus OliveiraBueno, Leonardo SchlögelBentes, BiancaPereira, Luciano de Jesus GomesFarro, Ana Paula Cazerta
<em>Almeida, Lorena Lopes</em>;
<em>Hostim-Silva, Maurício</em>;
<em>Condini, Mario Vinícius</em>;
<em>Freitas, Matheus Oliveira</em>;
<em>Bueno, Leonardo Schlögel</em>;
<em>Bentes, Bianca</em>;
<em>Pereira, Luciano De Jesus Gomes</em>;
<em>Farro, Ana Paula Cazerta</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The Atlantic goliath grouper Epinephelus itajara is the largest grouper species in the Atlantic Ocean. Despite the conservation status being Vulnerable (VU) globally and Critically Endangered (CR) in Brazil, the species continues to face threats from overfishing throughout its range. We used DNA barcoding employing the mitochondrial Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene to identify the illegal commercialization of E. itajara in fish markets from the northern (NC) and southern (SC) Brazilian coasts. Sampling was conducted in fish markets and aimed to confirm the identification of mischaracterized fish sold as E. itajara in the NC, as well as identifying fish fillets sold as the Dusky grouper in the SC. DNA barcoding allowed the unambiguous identification of 22 (84.6%) of the 26 analyzed fish market samples. Both sampled areas had confirmation of E. itajara illegal commercialization and from the 22 analyzed samples, 17 (77.3%) were confirmed to be E. itajara. Here we report two crimes, the illegal sale of E. itajara and commercial fraud by species substitution. This study has highlighted that the existing legislation that protects E. itajara in Brazilian waters requires the adoption of better public policies for the conservation of the species.How many lineages are there of the stingrays genus <i>Hypanus</i> (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) and why does it matter?10.1590/1982-0224-2023-00462024-01-23T19:59:22.625000Z2020-08-09T06:48:46.842000ZPetean, Flávia F.Yang, LeiCorrigan, ShannonLima, Sergio M. Q.Naylor, Gavin J. P.
<em>Petean, Flávia F.</em>;
<em>Yang, Lei</em>;
<em>Corrigan, Shannon</em>;
<em>Lima, Sergio M. Q.</em>;
<em>Naylor, Gavin J. P.</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract Stingrays genus Hypanus currently encompasses nine valid species from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, though the phylogenetic relationships amongst some of them were based on a single mitochondrial gene and did not involve all putative Hypanus species. To address the monophyly of the genus and its relationship to other Dasyatinae genera, we sequenced the whole mitochondrial genomes of all species that supposedly belong to this genus and representatives of Dasyatinae, Neotrygoninae, and, as an outgroup, Fontitrygon (Urogymninae). Based on phylogenetic analyses, Hypanus is the sister-genus to all other Dasyatinae, and this subfamily is closely-related to Neotrygoninae within the family Dasyatidae. The species F. geijskesi is closely related to H. guttatus rather than to its congeners and should be allocated to Hypanus as H. geijskesi for the genus monophyly. After lineage delimitation analyses, we identified three species complexes composed of H. americanus, H. guttatus, and H. say, with two distinct evolutionary lineages within each, leaving the genus with 13 evolutionary units, of which six are currently under threat and only H. sabinus is of least concern. The urgency in identifying these new lineages lies in the fact they might already be under threat before being formally described.Checklist of the species of the Order Characiformes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)10.1590/1982-0224-2023-00862024-01-23T19:59:22.625000Z2020-08-09T06:48:46.842000ZToledo-Piza, MônicaBaena, Eduardo G.Dagosta, Fernando C. P.Menezes, Naércio A.Ândrade, MarceloBenine, Ricardo C.Bertaco, Vinicius A.Birindelli, José Luís O.Boden, GertBuckup, Paulo A.Camelier, PriscilaCarvalho, Fernando R. deCastro, Ricardo M. C.Chuctaya, JuniorDecru, EvaDerijst, EddyDillman, Casey B.Ferreira, Katiane M.Merxem, Dimitri G.Giovannetti, VictorHirschmann, AliceJégu, MichelJerep, Fernando C.Langeani, FranciscoLima, Flávio C. T.Lucena, Carlos A. S.Lucena, Zilda Margarete S.Malabarba, Luiz R.Malabarba, Maria Cláudia S. L.Marinho, Manoela M. F.Mathubara, KleberMattox, George M. T.Melo, Bruno F.Moelants, TuurMoreira, Cristiano R.Musschoot, TobiasNetto-Ferreira, André L.Ota, Rafaela P.Oyakawa, Osvaldo T.Pavanelli, Carla S.Reis, Roberto E.Santos, OsmarSerra, Jane PitonSilva, Gabriel S. C.Silva-Oliveira, CárlisonSouza-Lima, RosanaVari, Richard P.Zanata, Angela M.
<em>Toledo-Piza, Mônica</em>;
<em>Baena, Eduardo G.</em>;
<em>Dagosta, Fernando C. P.</em>;
<em>Menezes, Naércio A.</em>;
<em>Ândrade, Marcelo</em>;
<em>Benine, Ricardo C.</em>;
<em>Bertaco, Vinicius A.</em>;
<em>Birindelli, José Luís O.</em>;
<em>Boden, Gert</em>;
<em>Buckup, Paulo A.</em>;
<em>Camelier, Priscila</em>;
<em>Carvalho, Fernando R. De</em>;
<em>Castro, Ricardo M. C.</em>;
<em>Chuctaya, Junior</em>;
<em>Decru, Eva</em>;
<em>Derijst, Eddy</em>;
<em>Dillman, Casey B.</em>;
<em>Ferreira, Katiane M.</em>;
<em>Merxem, Dimitri G.</em>;
<em>Giovannetti, Victor</em>;
<em>Hirschmann, Alice</em>;
<em>Jégu, Michel</em>;
<em>Jerep, Fernando C.</em>;
<em>Langeani, Francisco</em>;
<em>Lima, Flávio C. T.</em>;
<em>Lucena, Carlos A. S.</em>;
<em>Lucena, Zilda Margarete S.</em>;
<em>Malabarba, Luiz R.</em>;
<em>Malabarba, Maria Cláudia S. L.</em>;
<em>Marinho, Manoela M. F.</em>;
<em>Mathubara, Kleber</em>;
<em>Mattox, George M. T.</em>;
<em>Melo, Bruno F.</em>;
<em>Moelants, Tuur</em>;
<em>Moreira, Cristiano R.</em>;
<em>Musschoot, Tobias</em>;
<em>Netto-Ferreira, André L.</em>;
<em>Ota, Rafaela P.</em>;
<em>Oyakawa, Osvaldo T.</em>;
<em>Pavanelli, Carla S.</em>;
<em>Reis, Roberto E.</em>;
<em>Santos, Osmar</em>;
<em>Serra, Jane Piton</em>;
<em>Silva, Gabriel S. C.</em>;
<em>Silva-Oliveira, Cárlison</em>;
<em>Souza-Lima, Rosana</em>;
<em>Vari, Richard P.</em>;
<em>Zanata, Angela M.</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract A checklist of recent and fossil fishes of the Order Characiformes is presented herein and believed to be complete through 2022. A total of 47 collaborators checked and provided information about their taxa of expertise. The list is arranged in alphabetical order by family and then genus and includes all available synonyms. From a total of 3,087 species group names and 527 genus group names, 2,334 species are currently treated as valid, and assigned to 301 genera and 24 families. This total includes 25 species known only from the fossil record, of which 21 are assigned to eight extant families and four are Incertae sedis in Characiformes, but does not include five species based on fossil which were wrongly treated in Characiformes. The status of 79 nominal species remains unresolved. When there are two competing hypotheses about the validity of a name, one of them is chosen and the alternate interpretation is provided in the remark section of that name. Distributional summaries are presented as numbers that correspond to areas for which there is a record of occurrence of the species. A list of unavailable names is provided at the end since some of those names may need additional research to certify their status.Fishes of the upper rio Paraná basin: diversity, biogeography and conservation10.1590/1982-0224-2023-00662024-01-23T19:59:22.625000Z2020-08-09T06:48:46.842000ZDagosta, Fernando Cesar PaivaMonção, Maristela SayureNagamatsu, Bárbara AkemiPavanelli, Carla S.Carvalho, Fernando R.Lima, Flávio C. T.Langeani, FranciscoDutra, Guilherme MoreiraOta, Renata RubiaSeren, Thomaz JefreyTagliacollo, VictorMenezes, Naércio AquinoBritski, Heraldo A.Pinna, Mário de
<em>Dagosta, Fernando Cesar Paiva</em>;
<em>Monção, Maristela Sayure</em>;
<em>Nagamatsu, Bárbara Akemi</em>;
<em>Pavanelli, Carla S.</em>;
<em>Carvalho, Fernando R.</em>;
<em>Lima, Flávio C. T.</em>;
<em>Langeani, Francisco</em>;
<em>Dutra, Guilherme Moreira</em>;
<em>Ota, Renata Rubia</em>;
<em>Seren, Thomaz Jefrey</em>;
<em>Tagliacollo, Victor</em>;
<em>Menezes, Naércio Aquino</em>;
<em>Britski, Heraldo A.</em>;
<em>Pinna, Mário De</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The upper rio Paraná basin drains the most developed and environmentally degraded region in South America: the Brazilian southeast. While it is one of the most well-known Neotropical fish assemblages, it is also one of the most threatened by anthropic activity. Urbanization, deforestation, dam construction, invasive species, and water pollution not only reduce the living area of species but also alter our perception of the basin and its biotic elements. Such changes are so profound and pervasive that raise uncertainties about the native or non-native status of several species. This paper aims to offer a detailed picture of the native diversity and historical biogeography of the fishes in the upper rio Paraná basin, which we hope will offer a solid foundation for future conservation policies. We update the list of native species, analyze geographical distributions, and identify biogeographical patterns, emphasizing areas requiring recognition as distinct biotas for conservation efforts. Over the past 15 years, more than 100 additional species have been described or recorded, expanding the total to 341 native species belonging to six orders and 30 families, making it the richest river basin in Brazil outside the Amazonian region. Unlike most neotropical basins where Characidae dominates, loricariids make up nearly one-fourth of the total fish diversity in the region. Species and clades concentrate in the central basin, while endemics are confined to peripheral areas due to the complex biogeographical history shared with neighboring basins. Eighteen distinct biogeographical regions are identified, discussing their composition, histories, and conservation implications. The upper rio Paraná basin has 10% of its fish fauna ranked as endangered and present 128 non-native species, including three hybrids. This places it as the major drainage with the largest number of endangered taxa in the neotropics and at the same time the one with the most numerous non-native elements. Existing protected areas are deemed ineffective in preserving diverse assemblages and fail to safeguard the majority of threatened and narrowly-endemic species.