Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileirahttps://www.scielo.br/journal/pab/feed/2023-10-31T19:13:33.229000ZVol. 58 - 2023WerkzeugData from NASA Power and surface weather stations under different climates on reference evapotranspiration estimation10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.032612023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZRosa, Stefanie Lais KreutzSouza, Jorge Luiz Moretti deSantos, Aline Aparecida dos
<em>Rosa, Stefanie Lais Kreutz</em>;
<em>Souza, Jorge Luiz Moretti De</em>;
<em>Santos, Aline Aparecida Dos</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the data estimated by NASA Power in relation to that measured at surface weather stations under different climates, and to verify the effects of these data on reference evapotranspiration (ETo) estimation. For comparison, data measured at 21 surface weather stations, located in Brazil, Israel, Australia, Portugal, and the United States of America were used, representing different Köppen climate types. The following climatic variables were analyzed daily: maximum (Tmax), mean (Tmean), and minimum (Tmin) air temperatures; wind speed; incident solar radiation; and mean relative humidity (RHmean). Wind speed showed the highest variations and was overestimated in the Cfb, BWh, BSh, and Cfa climates. Tmean and mean wind speed were estimated accurately in the Csa and BWh climates, whereas Tmax and Tmin were underestimated in 13 and 9 climates, respectively; Tmin did not show adequate results in tropical climates. Incident solar radiation was overestimated in all climates, except in BSh, but presented the best statistical indicators among the analyzed variables. The scenarios in which ETo was estimated using the Penman-Monteith method and data from NASA Power were consistent even for the climate type that presented the worst association between measured and estimated data.Water salinity during masculinization of Nile tilapia in biofloc system10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.030082023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZValle, Rafael Cavaca Alves DoSilva, Marcos Antônio daAlvarenga, Érika Ramos deMatta, Sylvia Veloso daTurra, Eduardo Maldonado
<em>Valle, Rafael Cavaca Alves Do</em>;
<em>Silva, Marcos Antônio Da</em>;
<em>Alvarenga, Érika Ramos De</em>;
<em>Matta, Sylvia Veloso Da</em>;
<em>Turra, Eduardo Maldonado</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different water salinity levels on the growth performance, survival, and masculinization rate of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) larvae in a biofloc technology (BFT) system. Seven salinity levels (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 g L-1) were tested during four weeks in the masculinization period after the absorption of the yolk sac in a matured biofloc system. The water quality variables were within the recommended range for Nile tilapia farming. However, the nitrite peaks were higher at higher salinity levels and were associated with the lower survival of fish at salinity levels equal to or higher than 6 g L-1. There was no difference between treatments for average final body weight and masculinization rate. Final biomass and survival decreased, and the feed offered as a proportion of final biomass showed the worst results because of the increase in salinity. Therefore, since higher masculinization rates are not obtained at slight and moderate levels of saline water, salinity should be kept close to 0 g L-1 for the masculinization protocol of Nile tilapia in a BFT, for a better survival and higher biomass of the fish, as well as a lower waste of the offered feed.Diagrammatic scale to quantify the damage caused by bean thrips to the peanut crop10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.030062023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZCrenna, Ana CeciliaOddino, ClaudioGiordano, Damián FranciscoGiuggia, Jorge AntonioGiovanini, Diego
<em>Crenna, Ana Cecilia</em>;
<em>Oddino, Claudio</em>;
<em>Giordano, Damián Francisco</em>;
<em>Giuggia, Jorge Antonio</em>;
<em>Giovanini, Diego</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to develop and validate a diagrammatic logarithmic scale to evaluate the damage caused by the Caliothrips phaseoli bean thrips to peanut (Arachis hypogaea). Leaflets of artificially infected peanut plants were collected, and the damaged leaf area (DLA) was calculated using the SisCob software. Six-, seven-, eight-, and nine-class scales were developed, and the range of each class was obtained with the 2-LOG software. The leaflets were analyzed by 12 raters using the four proposed scales. The scales were validated as to: precision and accuracy, using the linear regression between the DLA and estimated area; and reproducibility, by the linear regression between the estimations of the raters combined in pairs. The eight-class scale shows the best results in terms of accuracy and precision, as well as a high reproducibility.Interrelationship between potassium rates and the efficiency of <i>Bt</i> genes in the control of <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i>10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.032412023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZFaria, Marcelo MacedoCintra, Pedro Henrique NascimentoAmorim, Víctor AlvesCampos, Thiago SouzaRocha, Ednaldo CândidoRodrigues, Fabricio
<em>Faria, Marcelo Macedo</em>;
<em>Cintra, Pedro Henrique Nascimento</em>;
<em>Amorim, Víctor Alves</em>;
<em>Campos, Thiago Souza</em>;
<em>Rocha, Ednaldo Cândido</em>;
<em>Rodrigues, Fabricio</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to identify the effect of potassium rates on Bt transgenic resistance and damage caused by Spodoptera frugiperda in corn plants at different developmental stages. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a 3x6 factorial arrangement, with three potassium rates (0, 45, and 90 kg ha-1) and six corn hybrids (20A55Hx, 30A77PW, AG1051, MG652PW, NS90VTPro2, and NS92VTPro), with three replicates. The hybrids were evaluated through the analysis of canonical variables. With low potassium rates, the effectiveness of the corn hybrids in controlling the S. frugiperda caterpillar decreases in the different phenological stages. The use of the Bt technology is more efficient under an adequate potassium rate of 90 kg ha-1 KCl.Cover plants with potential to reduce two-spotted spider mite population in soybean10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.033322023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZRibeiro, Luana Cristina AlvesLemos, FelipeRocha, Dalila Dominique DuarteFadini, Marcos Antônio Matiello
<em>Ribeiro, Luana Cristina Alves</em>;
<em>Lemos, Felipe</em>;
<em>Rocha, Dalila Dominique Duarte</em>;
<em>Fadini, Marcos Antônio Matiello</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of cover plants in reducing the population of the two-spotted spider mite, Te t r a n y c h u s urticae, in soybean. Seven host plants – cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Urochloa ruziziensis, crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea), corn (Zea mays), radish (Raphanus sativus), soybean (Glycine max), and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) – were evaluated for their effect on T. urticae biological parameters (oviposition, development stages, and survival) and preference for volatile odors (using a Y-tube olfactometer). Tetranychus urticae preferred cotton and showed a higher population growth rate on this host plant. The survival and oviposition of T. urticae was prolonged in radish and crotalaria plants, whereas juveniles did not complete their immature development on U. ruziziensis leaves. No preference was observed between the volatile odors of U. ruziziensis, radish, and crotalaria. Urochloa ruziziensis can reduce T. urticae populations in soybean plants.Mating behavior and sexual dimorphism of the <i>Lobiopa insularis</i> (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) strawberry pest10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.031872023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZMoliterno, Antonioni Campos AcácioSilva, Maycon Roberto daZawadneak, Maria Aparecida CassilhaZarbin, Paulo Henrique Gorgatti
<em>Moliterno, Antonioni Campos Acácio</em>;
<em>Silva, Maycon Roberto Da</em>;
<em>Zawadneak, Maria Aparecida Cassilha</em>;
<em>Zarbin, Paulo Henrique Gorgatti</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to describe the sexual dimorphism and mating behavior of Lobiopa insularis for the development of pest control and management programs. The morphological characteristics for separating males and females were described with the aid of a stereomicroscope. Mating sequence was recorded over 72 hours with a digital camera. There are differences between males and females in the last abdomen segments, and males maintain a guarding position after mating. The obtained data can be used in monitoring programs to precisely identify the sex of the insects, also shedding light on the ecological features of this pest and Nitidulidae.Analysis of variance in augmented block design and Scott-Knott’s test in hybrid corn selection studies10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2022.v57.030232023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZMalaquias, Juaci VitoriaAmabile, Renato FernandoZorzo, FelipeMelo, João Victor PinheiroFagioli, Marcelo
<em>Malaquias, Juaci Vitoria</em>;
<em>Amabile, Renato Fernando</em>;
<em>Zorzo, Felipe</em>;
<em>Melo, João Victor Pinheiro</em>;
<em>Fagioli, Marcelo</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to present a methodological alternative for studies of the characterization and selection of corn (Zea mays) genotypes, through the joint analysis of variance of an augmented block design, using Scott-Knott’s test, and to present the hybrids selected from the adopted strategy, to show its efficiency. For the application of the methodology, a case study was used: the selection of superior corn hybrids for the Brazilian Cerrado. In four locations, 70 experimental hybrids were evaluated in an augmented block design without replicates, with three controls replicated once in each block. The analysis of experimental groups applied to the augmented block design, followed by genotype classifications by Scott-Knott’s multiple comparison test, is a viable alternative for studies with a low number of replicates and a large number of genotypes. Based on the tested methodology, the following experimental hybrids are selected for grain yield: HT007, HT008, HT018, HT004, HT024, HT005, and HT071.Sampling sufficiency for estimating the mean of wheat traits10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.032712023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZCargnelutti Filho, AlbertoSouza, Jéssica Maronez deNeu, Ismael Mario MárcioSilveira, Daniela LixinskiBubans, Valéria EscaioCosta, Samanta Luiza daOsmari, Lucas FillipinOsmari, Bruno Fillipin
<em>Cargnelutti Filho, Alberto</em>;
<em>Souza, Jéssica Maronez De</em>;
<em>Neu, Ismael Mario Márcio</em>;
<em>Silveira, Daniela Lixinski</em>;
<em>Bubans, Valéria Escaio</em>;
<em>Costa, Samanta Luiza Da</em>;
<em>Osmari, Lucas Fillipin</em>;
<em>Osmari, Bruno Fillipin</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to determine the sample size necessary for estimating the means of wheat (Triticum aestivum) traits, obtained through measurement, counting, and weighing. Seventeen uniformity trials were performed with 1,790 plants harvested randomly, whose following traits were evaluated: lengths of the main stem and main stem ear (measurement); number of leaves, stems, and ears (counting); and mass of fresh and dry matter of leaves, stems, and ears (weighing). The Bartlett and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests and Welch’s analysis of variance were performed. Skewness, central tendency, and variability were determined, and sample size was calculated to estimate the means of the 13 evaluated traits, considering estimation errors (semi-amplitudes of the 95% confidence interval) equal to 5, 10, 15, and 20% of the mean. There is a decrease in the sample size to estimate the means of wheat traits obtained through weighing, counting, and measuring, in this order. In an experiment to estimate the mean of wheat traits obtained by weighing, counting, and measuring with a maximum error of 10% of the mean at a 95% confidence interval, 117, 76, and 9 plants per treatment are needed, respectively.Bentonite as an additive in the composting of wastewater sludge from the poultry agroindustry10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.031262023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZLazzari, Alessandro CoelhoCorrêa, Juliano CorulliHigarashi, Martha Mayumi
<em>Lazzari, Alessandro Coelho</em>;
<em>Corrêa, Juliano Corulli</em>;
<em>Higarashi, Martha Mayumi</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of bentonite as an additive in the composting of wastewater sludge from the poultry agroindustry regarding nitrogen conservation, carbon degradation, and nutrient content increase. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments with bentonite at 0, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, and 6.0%, with three replicates. The organic compost used in the treatments consisted of pine sawdust and wastewater sludge from the treatment plant. During and after the composting process, the following were analyzed, respectively: pH, dry matter, temperature, and C, N, NH4+, NO2-, and NO3- contents; and P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, and Zn contents and humic and fulvic acid concentrations. Bentonite at 6.0% increased C degradation, N losses, Mg content, and humification, but decreased Zn content and humidity. Bentonite, as an additive in the composting of sludge from the poultry agroindustry, promotes humification, decreases Zn content and humidity, but does not affect pH and P, K, Cu, NH4+, NO2-, and NO3- contents.Na<sup>+</sup> exclusion and proline accumulation in <i>Urochloa</i> spp. cultivars10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.031312023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZSilva, Cicero Lucas daFerreira, Rita de Cássia Alves de BrittoAlvarez-Pizarro, Juan Carlos
<em>Silva, Cicero Lucas Da</em>;
<em>Ferreira, Rita De Cássia Alves De Britto</em>;
<em>Alvarez-Pizarro, Juan Carlos</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of salinity on Na+ and K+ distribution and on proline content in Urochloa brizantha and Urochloa decumbens grass cultivars. Plants were grown in nutrient solution and subjected to salt stress for nine days. Shoot and root lengths and proline, total chlorophyll, K+, and Na+ contents were determined. Salt stress reduced the shoot length of cultivar Marandu but not of Xaraés and Basilisk. Total chlorophyll content was not affected by salinity in U. brizantha cultivars, but increased in cultivar Basilisk of U. decumbens. Salt-induced proline accumulation was observed in all cultivars, with a higher increase in Marandu. The K+ content in leaf blades increased in the Marandu and Basilisk cultivars under salinity conditions. 'Basilisk' showed Na+ exclusion in shoot tissues, whereas 'Marandu' and 'Piatã', followed by 'Xaraés', exhibited a higher Na+ in leaf blades. The pattern of ion distribution among cultivars was attributed mainly to differences in the ability to control the ion transport from root to shoot, since the rates of ion uptake were similarly affected by salinity. Tolerance to salt stress in grasses of the Urochloa genus is associated to Na+ exclusion and not to proline accumulation in shoot tissues.Physiological and yield parameters of wheat as affected by tiller removal and defoliation10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.031562023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZFioreze, Samuel LuizBorga, IuryRibeiro, Elisandra Cristina
<em>Fioreze, Samuel Luiz</em>;
<em>Borga, Iury</em>;
<em>Ribeiro, Elisandra Cristina</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the photosynthetic parameters, yield potential, and response to defoliation of wheat (Triticum aestivum) plants subjected to tiller removal. Two experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions. In the first, the two following cultivars were evaluated for complete tiller removal: TBIO Audaz and BRS 394, with a high and low tillering capacity, respectively. In the second, only 'TBIO Audaz' was subjected to detillering and defoliation at post-anthesis. Tiller removal increased the yield potential of the main stem of both tested cultivars and the CO2 assimilation potential of the flag leaf, which was possibly a strategy to meet the demands for an increased sink strength, as evidenced by the response curves to irradiance and leaf internal CO2 concentration. The partial defoliation of 'TBIO Audaz' increased daily CO2 assimilation, both in intact and detillered plants. Detillered plants show a higher photosynthetic and yield potential of the main stem, but also a greater sensitivity to defoliation in the post-anthesis period.Silicon in cacao plants exposed to UV-B radiation10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.030832023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZZanetti, Leonardo ValandroWerner, Elias TerraCuzzuol, Geraldo Rogério FaustiniMilanez, Camilla Rozindo Dias
<em>Zanetti, Leonardo Valandro</em>;
<em>Werner, Elias Terra</em>;
<em>Cuzzuol, Geraldo Rogério Faustini</em>;
<em>Milanez, Camilla Rozindo Dias</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate silicon capacity to mitigate the damaging effects of UV-B radiation on cacao (Theobroma cacao) plants. For the experiment, homogeneous cacao plants produced from seeds collected from a clonal population were subjected to the following treatments: UVB- Si-, no UV-B exposure and no addition of Si (control); UV-B+ Si-, UV-B exposure of 3.0 kJ m-2 per day and no addition of Si; and UV-B+ Si+, UV-B exposure of 3.0 kJ m-2 per day and addition of 2.0 mmol L-1 Si. The molybdenum blue technique was used to determine Si concentrations. For each selected plant, the following were determined: number of leaves; leaf area; root, stem, and leaf dry mass; anatomy of fully expanded leaves; gas exchange; chlorophyll a fluorescence; total soluble sugar concentrations using ethanol extract; and antioxidant enzyme activity. The plants showed a higher leaf and total biomass when treated with Si, as well as lower concentrations of chlorophyll, carotenoids, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and polyphenols under UV-B radiation. Si inhibits the net CO2 assimilation rate and the dark mitochondrial respiration rate. Therefore, Si application on cacao plants mitigates the damaging effects of UV-B, reduces carbon consumption through cellular respiration, and decreases the production of UV-B-absorbing compounds.Physiological and anatomical differences between subtropical forage plants grown in waterlogged alkaline-sodic soil10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.031182023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZPesqueira, JulietaKralj, Andrés MolláRovegno, María SoledadLovisolo, Marcelo RamónGarcía, María Dina
<em>Pesqueira, Julieta</em>;
<em>Kralj, Andrés Mollá</em>;
<em>Rovegno, María Soledad</em>;
<em>Lovisolo, Marcelo Ramón</em>;
<em>García, María Dina</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of 26 days of waterlogging, compared with field capacity, on different traits of the forage plants 'Finecut' Chloris gayana, 'Klein Verde' Panicum coloratum, and 'Shawnee' Panicum virgatum, grown in alkaline-sodic soil. Shoot and root dry mass, leaf greenness index, electrolyte leakage, and root histology were evaluated. The histological analysis was performed along the mid-portion of adventitious roots with a 2.0 mm diameter. Waterlogging inhibited the growth of P. coloratum, in addition to decreasing the leaf greenness index and causing injuries in the cell membrane of C. gayana and P. coloratum. At field capacity, only C. gayana and P. coloratum had aerenchyma; however, waterlogging induced the development and increased the area of the aerenchyma in P. virgatum and C. gayana, respectively. Waterlogging also thickened the exodermis and endodermis of all three genotypes, inducing a greater number of exodermis cell rows and a thicker internal tangential cell wall of the endodermis in C. gayana and P. virgatum. Although P. coloratum growth is more sensitive to waterlogging, there are radial oxygen loss barriers in the roots of the three evaluated genotypes.Drought/rewatering cycles on the vegetative growth of citrus seedlings10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.033312023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZToro-Herrera, Mayra AlejandraVieira, Daniel AmorimAlvarenga, Joyce PereiraSilva, LayaneMendonça, Ane Marcela das ChagasFerreira, Ester AliceBarbosa, João Paulo Rodrigues Alves Delfino
<em>Toro-Herrera, Mayra Alejandra</em>;
<em>Vieira, Daniel Amorim</em>;
<em>Alvarenga, Joyce Pereira</em>;
<em>Silva, Layane</em>;
<em>Mendonça, Ane Marcela Das Chagas</em>;
<em>Ferreira, Ester Alice</em>;
<em>Barbosa, João Paulo Rodrigues Alves Delfino</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of three dehydration/rehydration cycles on the vegetative growth and shoot dry matter of citrus seedlings, as well as seedling acclimatization to this environmental stress. The five following water regimes were evaluated: WR1 (control), WR2, and WR3, with plants kept at 100, 75, and 50% of pot capacity during the three cycles, respectively; and WR4 and WR5, with plants kept at 75, 100, and 75% and 50, 100, and 50% of pot capacity during the first, second, and third cycles, respectively. Relative water content, plant height, length and diameter of the main and secondary branches, angle of leaf insertion in the branch, specific leaf area, leaf chlorophyll content, and dry matter were evaluated. Rehydration after a cycle with 50% of pot capacity did not improve plant growth or dry matter accumulation in relation to the well-hydrated plants of the control. However, after a cycle with 75% of pot capacity, rehydration restores water content, the diameter of the secondary branches, and the angle of leaf insertion. The exposure to successive events of dehydration/rehydration makes the citrus seedlings more resistant to future exposures to water stress.Successive cycles of soil drying and wetting improve tolerance to drought in mangabeira10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.033602023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZFernando, Adriana MiguelMarenco, Ricardo Antonio
<em>Fernando, Adriana Miguel</em>;
<em>Marenco, Ricardo Antonio</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate biomass accumulation and photosynthesis in mangabeira, in response to water deficit and to successive soil drying and wetting cycles. Seedlings were grown in pots and subjected to the three following water regimes: soil at 35, 70, and 100% of field capacity (FC), followed by a drying-down period until photosynthesis (measured weekly) was close to zero. Then, the seedlings were rewatered until completing four drying-wetting cycles. The control treatment was a permanently well-irrigated soil. There was a decline in biomass accumulation under water deficit conditions. Photosynthesis responded to soil rewatering only at 70 and 100% FC and was null at 35% FC. The elapsed time for photosynthesis to reach a null value after rewatering increases with successive drying-wetting cycles. In soil at 100% FC, for photosynthesis to approach zero, it takes five weeks in the first and eight weeks in the last rewatering cycle. Photosynthesis improves with progressive drying-wetting cycles, particularly in soil at 100% FC. The pre-acclimation of mangabeira to drying-wetting cycles should be considered before transplanting the seedlings in the field, and pre-acclimation should be carried out initially with soil at its FC.Correlation between carbon isotopic composition and morphological, micromorphological, anatomical, and physiological traits in rice10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.028542023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZConcenço, GermaniBrito, Giovani Greigh deCosta, Vladimir EliodoroSilva, Laryssa Barbosa Xavier daMelo, Thaís StradiotoFagundes, Paulo Ricardo ReisScivittaro, Walkyria BuenoDeuner, Sidnei
<em>Concenço, Germani</em>;
<em>Brito, Giovani Greigh De</em>;
<em>Costa, Vladimir Eliodoro</em>;
<em>Silva, Laryssa Barbosa Xavier Da</em>;
<em>Melo, Thaís Stradioto</em>;
<em>Fagundes, Paulo Ricardo Reis</em>;
<em>Scivittaro, Walkyria Bueno</em>;
<em>Deuner, Sidnei</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to verify the correlations between carbon isotopic composition and traits of superior rice genotypes. Twenty genotypes were analyzed for morphology, micromorphology, anatomy, physiological performance, and carbon fingerprint. The plots consisted of 500 L plastic boxes sowed with rice, to allow of a plant density of 300 plants per square meter. Plant anatomy and physiological performance were evaluated using a microscope and an infrared gas analyzer, respectively. There is a correlation between rice water use efficiency (r = 0.45) and carboxylation efficiency (r = 0.39).2N<sup>V</sup>S translocation presence and inheritance of resistance to head blast in wheat10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.030382023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZVancini, CamilaTorres, Gisele Abigail MontanConsoli, LucianoMaciel, João Leodato NunesCastro, Ricardo Lima deWebber, Natália ForchezatoSilveira, Diógenes CecchinDeuner, Carolina Cardoso
<em>Vancini, Camila</em>;
<em>Torres, Gisele Abigail Montan</em>;
<em>Consoli, Luciano</em>;
<em>Maciel, João Leodato Nunes</em>;
<em>Castro, Ricardo Lima De</em>;
<em>Webber, Natália Forchezato</em>;
<em>Silveira, Diógenes Cecchin</em>;
<em>Deuner, Carolina Cardoso</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the presence of 2NVS translocation on the inheritance of wheat resistance to head blast, in F2 segregating lines from two biparental crosses. The IPF 86766 and 'Santa Fe' genotypes were used as female parents (both 2NVS carriers), and 'BRS 404', as the common male parent (non 2NVS carrier). Using a mixture of three isolates of Pyricularia oryzae Triticum, wheat spikes and rachises were evaluated for bleaching severity at five (%BS_5dpi) and seven days post-inoculation (%BS_7dpi), as well as for the number of infection points (IPR) and pathogen sporulation (SPO). Chi-square analyses showed that segregation follows a 3:1 Mendelian hypothesis, with a major locus with a dominant allele: %BS_7dpi for IPF 86766 × 'BRS 404' and IPR for 'Santa Fe' x 'BRS 404'. Therefore, this is the first known study to show that the 2NVS translocation responsible for resistance to head blast is a major locus with a dominant allele. In a controlled environment, 'BRS 404' shows bleaching severity and SPO similar with those occurring on IPF 86766 and 'Santa Fe'.Photosynthetic response of citrus to <i>Citrus tristeza virus</i> isolates with potential for cross-protection10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.032902023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZContreras-Maya, RosalbaVillegas-Monter, AngelCruz-Huerta, NicacioSantacruz-Varela, AmalioOrtega-Arenas, Laura D.Ochoa-Martínez, Daniel-Leobardo
<em>Contreras-Maya, Rosalba</em>;
<em>Villegas-Monter, Angel</em>;
<em>Cruz-Huerta, Nicacio</em>;
<em>Santacruz-Varela, Amalio</em>;
<em>Ortega-Arenas, Laura D.</em>;
<em>Ochoa-Martínez, Daniel-Leobardo</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the photosynthetic response of citrus varieties to the inoculation of isolates T30 and T3 of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) characterized as having potential to provide cross-protection against severe CTV isolates in citrus. Citrus plants of 'Campbell' orange, 'Persian' lime, and 'Key' lime were subjected to inoculations by both isolates by patch. Noninoculated plants were used as the control. Symptom expression, photosynthetic and transpiration rates, and stomatal conductance were evaluated by IRGA. Stomatal density and size were evaluated by epidermal impressions. The CTV isolates were also evaluated and molecularly characterized by RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. 'Campbell' orange and 'Persian' lime plants remained asymptomatic after the inoculations. The inoculation treatments with both CTV isolates did not reduce photosynthetic capacity, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance, in comparison with the control. Stomatal density and size varied according to the citrus species. T30 and T3 do not affect the photosynthetic responses of 'Campbell' orange and 'Persian' lime; therefore, these isolates have the potential to provide cross-protection to citrus varieties against severe isolates of CTV.Chemical and cultural management strategies for glyphosate-resistant sourgrass in central Brazil10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.029002023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZCorreia, Núbia Maria
<em>Correia, Núbia Maria</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate different chemical treatments, associating herbicide combinations with the maintenance of forage species in the off-season, for the management of glyphosate-resistant sourgrass (Digitaria insularis) in a soybean crop. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a 4×5 split-plot arrangement, with four replicates. The treatments consisted of: four combinations of the clethodim, glyphosate, haloxyfop-p-methyl, glufosinate ammonium, and s-metolachlor herbicides in the plots; green covers with the Massai, BRS Tamani, and BRS Zuri cultivars of Panicum maximum and with Urochloa ruziziensis, as well as fallow, in the subplots; and a control with the isolated application of glyphosate at the desiccation and post-emergence of the soybean crop infested with sourgrass and weeded. The herbicides tested before sowing and at post-emergence of soybean promoted a control above 90% of adult sourgrass plants until grain harvest. After harvest, there was a new emergence of sourgrass, mainly in the plots without green cover in the off-season. Overseeding soybean with forage species allowed of the establishment of these plants, which consequently interfered in sourgrass emergence and growth. The chemical treatments with herbicide combinations associated with the maintenance of forage species in the off-season are effective for the control of adult glyphosate-resistant sourgrass plants.Early screening for cold tolerance in sugarcane breeding10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.027112023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZHärter, AdilsonAntunes, William RodriguesAzeredo, Amaro Afonso Campos deSilva, Sergio Delmar dos Anjos eOliveira, Ricardo Augusto de
<em>Härter, Adilson</em>;
<em>Antunes, William Rodrigues</em>;
<em>Azeredo, Amaro Afonso Campos De</em>;
<em>Silva, Sergio Delmar Dos Anjos E</em>;
<em>Oliveira, Ricardo Augusto De</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of early screening in the selection of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) families for cold tolerance in a controlled environment. Fourteen sugarcane families were evaluated for leaf damage and chlorophyll content, in a controlled environment and in the field, after cold stress. The variance components and genotypic values of the families were estimated via REML/BLUP, as well as the genetic correlations between variables and environments. The heritabilities in the narrow sense and for family averages showed values above 0.23 and 0.76, respectively, and a genetic coefficient of variation above 13%, which confirmis the existence of variability and enables selection in both environments. The genetic correlations ranged from 0.59 to 0.88 and were significant for all combinations of variables and environments. The average coincidence index for the families between environments was 60% for the selected group and 85% for the unselected group. The early screening in the first stages of selection is efficient in breeding for cold tolerance in sugarcane families.Tolerance of soybean cultivars to flooding stress in vegetative growth stages10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.030582023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZGoergen, Patrícia Carine HüllerLopes, Sidinei JoséZanon, Alencar JuniorLago, IsabelPohlmann, ValeriaDalcin, Menigui SpanevelloBittencourt, Pâmela NunesSaccol, Vanessa Gonçalves
<em>Goergen, Patrícia Carine Hüller</em>;
<em>Lopes, Sidinei José</em>;
<em>Zanon, Alencar Junior</em>;
<em>Lago, Isabel</em>;
<em>Pohlmann, Valeria</em>;
<em>Dalcin, Menigui Spanevello</em>;
<em>Bittencourt, Pâmela Nunes</em>;
<em>Saccol, Vanessa Gonçalves</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the tolerance of soybean (Glycine max) cultivars to flooding stress at different growth stages. The experiment was arranged in a 2x2x5 factorial arrangement, with two sowing dates (October and November), two soybean cultivars (TECIRGA 6070RR and NA 5909 RG), and five growth stages (SE-EM, EM-VC, VC-V2, V2-V4, and V6-V8) in the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 crop years. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates. For both evaluated soybean cultivars, the growth stage most sensitive to soil flooding was SE-EM. After seedling emergence, the highest reductions in leaf area and shoot dry matter were observed in the V2-V4 stage, regardless of cultivar, sowing date, and crop year. From the V4 stage onwards, soybean shows a higher tolerance to flooding conditions. However, after seedling emergence, the TECIRGA 6070RR cultivar has a higher tolerance to flooding stress than NA 5909 RG. Sowing in October tends to reduce the impact of flooding stress on the plants.Selection of white oat genotypes for contrasting fungicide management conditions10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.030842023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZBerlezi, Júlio DaroncoCarvalho, Ivan RicardoSilva, José Antonio Gonzalez daLoro, Murilo VieiraSfalcin, Inaê CarolinaPradebon, Leonardo CesarPort, Eduarda DonadelOurique, Rafael SoaresRoza, João Pedro Dalla
<em>Berlezi, Júlio Daronco</em>;
<em>Carvalho, Ivan Ricardo</em>;
<em>Silva, José Antonio Gonzalez Da</em>;
<em>Loro, Murilo Vieira</em>;
<em>Sfalcin, Inaê Carolina</em>;
<em>Pradebon, Leonardo Cesar</em>;
<em>Port, Eduarda Donadel</em>;
<em>Ourique, Rafael Soares</em>;
<em>Roza, João Pedro Dalla</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to select white oat (Avena sativa) genotypes for environments with and without fungicide application, as well as to identify relationships between meteorological variables and agronomic traits. Two experiments were carried out: one without and the other with the use of the tebuconazole fungicide. In each experiment, 26 genotypes were evaluated, conducted during ten years in the same experimental area; cultivation years were considered as one environment. The methodologies of genotype and of the genotypes x environments interaction were used to define the ideal genotype. 'URS Corona' is considered an ideal genotype due to its excellent responses in the environment with tebuconazole. The 'Brisasul', 'IPR Aphrodite', and 'URS Taura' genotypes respond better in the environment without the fungicide. However, based on multitraits, the 'URS Taura' and 'IPR Afrodite' genotypes can be positioned in environments with or without the use of tebuconazole. Genotypes with a rust incidence lower than 15% and a height higher than 93 cm in an environment with a relative humidity lower than 70.75% have a higher grain yield regardless of fungicide use. Greater magnitudes of air temperature and solar radiation result in a higher grain yield of white oat, regardless of fungicide use.Modeling the yield of winter maize using biomass distribution index in the tropical region of Yunnan, China10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.032212023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZHan, XinyuanYang, ChenWeihua, XiaoZhou, JieLi, Wenfeng
<em>Han, Xinyuan</em>;
<em>Yang, Chen</em>;
<em>Weihua, Xiao</em>;
<em>Zhou, Jie</em>;
<em>Li, Wenfeng</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to establish and validate the dry matter distribution and yield prediction models based on physiological developmental timing, to compare the differences between the dry mass distribution index model and the dry mass distribution coefficient model, for the simulation of ear dry mass and to improve the accuracy of maize growth models for predicting yield. The experiments were conducted in three tropical sites (Longchuan, Mangshi, and Ruili) in the tropical region of Yunnan Province, China. The NRMS of ear dry mass and yield were generally less than 10. The dry mass distribution index method (NRMS = 5.44% and RMSE = 807.22 kg ha-1 for ear dry mass; and NRMS = 7.32% and RMSE = 707.67 kg ha-1 for grain yield) is better than the dry mass distribution coefficient method (NRMS = 7.52% and RMSE = 1115.31 kg ha-1 for ear dry mass; NRMS = 8.6% and RMSE = 830.76 kgha-1 for grain yield) to simulate maize ear dry mass and grain yield. The distribution index model improves the accuracy of the model, which is valuable for future maize production and management in Yunnan.Study of dry matter accumulation in maize hybrids using nonlinear models10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.030772023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZBôas, Isolina Aparecida VilasFernandes, Felipe AugustoFernandes, Tales JesusMuniz, Joel Augusto
<em>Bôas, Isolina Aparecida Vilas</em>;
<em>Fernandes, Felipe Augusto</em>;
<em>Fernandes, Tales Jesus</em>;
<em>Muniz, Joel Augusto</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to study the growth curves of total dry matter (TDM) accumulation of the P30F33 and GNZ2004 maize hybrids using nonlinear models. The used models were: Brody, Gompertz, logistic, Meloun I, Meloun II, Michaelis-Menten, modified Michaelis-Menten, Mitscherlich, Richards, Schnute, von Bertalanffy, and Weibull. To estimate the parameters, the least squares method and the Gauss-Newton convergence algorithm were used. The adjusted coefficient of determination, the residual standard deviation, and the Akaike information criterion were used as criteria to evaluate the goodness of fit of the models. The Gauss-Newton method did not converge for 8 out of the 12 models studied. The Gompertz, logistic, von Bertalanffy, and Weibull models were considered appropriate for fitting the dry matter accumulation of the evaluated maize hybrids. The estimated TDM was 34,700 and 31,980 kg ha−1 for GNZ2004 and P30F33, respectively. The maximum daily gain in TDM was 483 and 381 kg ha−1, respectively, reached at 83 days after emergence, with TDM stabilization at 121 and 129 days after emergence. The logistic model is the best one to describe the TDM accumulation of the GNZ2004 and P30F33 maize hybrids.Biomass and protein in ruzigrass intercropped with maize subjected to plant densities and nitrogen fertilization10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.032962023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZCoelho, Antonio EduardoSangoi, LuisMoraes, Renata FranciéliSapucay, Moryb Jorge Lima da CostaFranchini, Julio CezarDebiasi, HenriqueBalbinot Junior, Alvadi Antonio
<em>Coelho, Antonio Eduardo</em>;
<em>Sangoi, Luis</em>;
<em>Moraes, Renata Franciéli</em>;
<em>Sapucay, Moryb Jorge Lima Da Costa</em>;
<em>Franchini, Julio Cezar</em>;
<em>Debiasi, Henrique</em>;
<em>Balbinot Junior, Alvadi Antonio</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the impacts of nitrogen topdressing fertilization and plant density of second-crop maize on the biomass and crude protein production of ruzigrass (Urochloa ruziziensis) grown in intercropping. The experiment was carried out during two growing seasons in a randomized complete block design, in split plots, with four replicates. The treatments consisted of N topdressing rates (0 and 80 kg ha−1) and maize plant densities (40, 60, 80, and 100 thousand plants per hectare). Ruzigrass biomass accumulation was measured at the V14, R1, R3, and R6 stages of maize growth, as well as during ruzigrass desiccation. Ruzigrass crude protein content and production and biomass partitioning to leaves, stems, and senescent tissues were evaluated in the R6 stage of maize. The increase in maize plant density reduced ruzigrass growth. However, nitrogen fertilization and maize plant density did not affect ruzigrass biomass partitioning. During intercropping, N fertilization did not affect ruzigrass yield. After maize harvest, N fertilization resulted in a higher ruzigrass biomass (30.2% in 2019) and crude protein (13.8%) production. Low maize plant densities and N topdress fertilization improve the biomass production of ruzigrass in intercropping.Morphophysiological responses of Conilon coffee matrix plants in a super-dense clonal garden10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.030782023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZSilva, Josimar Aleixo daEsposti, Marlon Dutra DegliSenra, João Felipe de BritesComério, MarconeConceição, Amanda Oliveira daZacarias, Alex JustinoMilheiros, Idalina SturiãoSilva, Uliana RibeiroSilva, Fernanda Gomes daRaimundo, Eduarda Gonçalves
<em>Silva, Josimar Aleixo Da</em>;
<em>Esposti, Marlon Dutra Degli</em>;
<em>Senra, João Felipe De Brites</em>;
<em>Comério, Marcone</em>;
<em>Conceição, Amanda Oliveira Da</em>;
<em>Zacarias, Alex Justino</em>;
<em>Milheiros, Idalina Sturião</em>;
<em>Silva, Uliana Ribeiro</em>;
<em>Silva, Fernanda Gomes Da</em>;
<em>Raimundo, Eduarda Gonçalves</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the morphophysiological responses and cutting production of clones of Conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) cultivars in a super-dense clonal garden in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The super-dense clonal garden was built in 2019 using 39 clones: 9, 9, 9, and 12 of cultivars Centenária ES8132, Diamante ES8112, ES8122 (Jequitibá), and Marilândia ES8143, respectively. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design, with three replicates. Cutting production and the following morphophysiological traits were evaluated at 9 and 18 months after planting: chlorophyll index, normalized difference vegetation index, plant height, canopy height, canopy diameter, number of shoots, number of viable cuttings, number of leaves, fresh leaf mass, and plant fresh and dry matter mass. The super-dense clonal garden caused different morphophysiological responses among the studied clones. In general, clones C2, C5, C6, C8, D1, D8, D9, J8, M2, M9, M10, and M12 showed a higher mean cutting production, whereas C4, J1, J4, M4, and M5 were the most sensitive to the super-dense regime. Under these conditions, it is recommended to increase the proportion of matrix plants of the latter clones.Agronomic performance and yield stability of yellow flax genotypes in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.033492023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZFioreze, Ana Carolina da Costa LaraKonkol, Ana Caroline BasniakKrassmann, Karol AnneOrsi, NicoleParizotto, CirioFioreze, Samuel Luiz
<em>Fioreze, Ana Carolina Da Costa Lara</em>;
<em>Konkol, Ana Caroline Basniak</em>;
<em>Krassmann, Karol Anne</em>;
<em>Orsi, Nicole</em>;
<em>Parizotto, Cirio</em>;
<em>Fioreze, Samuel Luiz</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance and yield stability of yellow flax genotypes, as well as to identify the best ones for breeding. Nineteen lines and a local variety were cultivated in the 2018, 2019, and 2020 crop seasons in two environments (municipalities) in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Number of capsules per plant, plant yield, grain yield, and final stand were determined. Data were analyzed across genotypes within each environment and across environments within genotypes. Genotype × environment interactions were evaluated by a joint analysis, in which stability and adaptability parameters were estimated. Correlations between final plant stand and yield components were also estimated. There is a high variability in the productive performance among genotypes. The genotype × environment interactions influenced plant traits. The effect of factors related to soil, climate, and population density on number of capsules and grain weight must be considered. The flax genotypes present high grain yield means in all environments. The analysis of stability and adaptability reveals that genotypes LINPG87 and LINPG88 stand out in productive performance and stability.Herbicide selectivity and weed control in gladiolus cultivation10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.030092023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZWesz, Alessandra MinuzziPolidorio, LauraBarbieri, Geovana FaccoUhlmann, Lilian OsmariTomiozzo, ReginaGuarienti, Veronica FuzerStreck, Nereu AugustoUlguim, André da Rosa
<em>Wesz, Alessandra Minuzzi</em>;
<em>Polidorio, Laura</em>;
<em>Barbieri, Geovana Facco</em>;
<em>Uhlmann, Lilian Osmari</em>;
<em>Tomiozzo, Regina</em>;
<em>Guarienti, Veronica Fuzer</em>;
<em>Streck, Nereu Augusto</em>;
<em>Ulguim, André Da Rosa</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the selectivity of pre- and post-emergent herbicides and their efficiency in weed control, as well as the growth and quality of floral stems, in a gladiolus (Gladiolus x grandiflorus) crop in two growing seasons. The experiments were carried out in the field, where the planted gladiolus received the application of pre- and post-emergent herbicides, with and without mechanical weed control. At 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after emergence (DAE), monocotyledon and eudicotyledon control and phytotoxicity to gladiolus plants were evaluated. At 28 DAE, the shoot dry matter of weeds and gladiolus plants was also evaluated. The s-metolachlor and diuron pre-emergent herbicides and the haloxyfop-p-methyl post-emergent herbicide are selective to gladiolus plants in both seasons, which allows of the production of floral stems with commercial quality. The s-metolachlor and haloxyfop-p-methyl herbicides also promote an efficient control of monocotyledons regardless of the growing season. Although, when applied, saflufenacil and 2,4-D cause phytotoxicity in the vegetative phase of gladiolus, they do not affect the production of floral stems and control satisfactorily eudicotyledons in the second season.Base temperature estimates for lisianthus cultivars grown in different planting seasons10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.034472023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZHöhn, DanielaPeil, Roberta Marins NogueiraMarchi, Priscila MonalisaGrolli, Paulo RobertoTrentin, RobertoShaun, Willian Silveira
<em>Höhn, Daniela</em>;
<em>Peil, Roberta Marins Nogueira</em>;
<em>Marchi, Priscila Monalisa</em>;
<em>Grolli, Paulo Roberto</em>;
<em>Trentin, Roberto</em>;
<em>Shaun, Willian Silveira</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to determine the base temperature of six lisianthus cultivars, grown at seven planting seasons in the municipality of Capão do Leão, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The following cultivars were evaluated: DBL Echo Blue, Robella 2 Pink, Excalibur White, Excalibur 2 Blue Picotee, DBL Echo Champagne, and Arena III Red. Base temperature was determined from the air temperature data collected daily, in each planting season, fusing the lowest variability and development ratio methods. The base temperature for lisianthus cultivars is between 14.0 and 15.0ºC, by the lowest variability method, and between 13.9 and 15.0ºC by the development ratio method. The highest thermal accumulation was obseerved in the second planting season (from 11/23/2017 to 02/22/2018) for all cultivars, and lower air temperatures during the growing season resulted in longer production cycles. In the seven planting seasons, the highest base temperature is 15.0ºC, obtained for cultivar Arena III Red, and the is 14°C, for all lisianthus cultivars.Morphological and yield responses of 'BRS Vitória' grapevines subjected to bio-fertigation with aquaculture wastewater10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.029862023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZAquino, César FernandesSouza, Anderson Miranda deBarbosa, Edvânia RamosSantos, Erick de Meira dosSouza, Adelson de BritoSilva, Michelle Soares da
<em>Aquino, César Fernandes</em>;
<em>Souza, Anderson Miranda De</em>;
<em>Barbosa, Edvânia Ramos</em>;
<em>Santos, Erick De Meira Dos</em>;
<em>Souza, Adelson De Brito</em>;
<em>Silva, Michelle Soares Da</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic responses of 'BRS Vitória' grapevines under bio-fertigation with and without conventional soil fertilizer. A completely randomized design was used, with three treatments and 18 replicates. The treatments were: CFI, conventional soil fertilizer and irrigation; BF+CF, bio-fertigation and conventional fertilizer; and BF, only bio-fertigation. The following variables were evaluated: graft and rootstock diameters; plant growth; number of lateral buds; root, leaf, petiole, and gem starch contents; bunch number per plant, length, circumference, and fresh weight; berry number per bunch, length, diameter, fresh weight, soluble solid contents, titratable acidity, and pH; yield; and leaf macro- and micronutrient contents. From 100 to 150 days after transplanting (DAT), rootstock and graft diameters were similar, increasing from 250 to 300 DAT in the CFI treatment. The highest root starch content was 7.19% in BF at 150 DAT and 37.35% in BF+CF at 300 DAT. The plants in BF+CF showed the best results for bunch number per plant and fresh weight, resulting in a fruit yield 22% higher than that obtained in the other treatments. 'BRS-Vitória' grapevines show a satisfactory agronomic performance when bio-fertigated.Decreased spacing with different numbers of branches to enhance green fig production10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.031352023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZPio, RafaelSanchez, Oscar Misael PeraltaRibeiro, Carlos Henrique MilagresFazenda, Lucídio Henriques VoteSilva, Alexandre Dias daPeche, Pedro Maranha
<em>Pio, Rafael</em>;
<em>Sanchez, Oscar Misael Peralta</em>;
<em>Ribeiro, Carlos Henrique Milagres</em>;
<em>Fazenda, Lucídio Henriques Vote</em>;
<em>Silva, Alexandre Dias Da</em>;
<em>Peche, Pedro Maranha</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of decreased spacing between 'Roxo de Valinhos' fig (Ficus carica) trees with different numbers of fruiting branches on green fig production. Fig trees, with two or four fruiting branches, were distributed in four blocks, at a standard spacing of 2.5 m between rows, three spacing between plants in a row (0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 m), and densities of 8,000, 5,333, and 4,000 plants per hectare. The experiment was conducted during two cycles (2020/2021 and 2021/2022). Green fruits were harvested twice a week, and the total number of fruits per harvest and the total harvest weight per plant were quantified. The average production per plant and the estimated yield were calculated for each evaluation cycle. Decreasing the spacing between fig trees increases their yield. The spacing of 0.50 m decreases production per plant, but increases yield in 73%. There is no difference in the production of green figs between trees with two or four fruiting branches.Yield and fruit quality of avocado grown at different planting densities in Colombia10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.031462023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZCano-Gallego, Lucas EstebanBedoya-Ramírez, Sara IsabelBernal-Estrada, Jorge AlonsoBarrera-Sánchez, Carlos FelipeCórdoba-Gaona, Oscar de Jesús
<em>Cano-Gallego, Lucas Esteban</em>;
<em>Bedoya-Ramírez, Sara Isabel</em>;
<em>Bernal-Estrada, Jorge Alonso</em>;
<em>Barrera-Sánchez, Carlos Felipe</em>;
<em>Córdoba-Gaona, Oscar De Jesús</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to determine the effect of planting densities on the yield and quality of 'Hass' avocado (Persea americana) in the department of Antioquia, Colombia. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with three replicates. The treatments were six plant densities (204, 278, 333, 400, 625, and 816 trees per hectare) with five harvest seasons, and each experimental unit consisted of six nine-year-old trees. The highest fruit yield is obtained at 333 and 400 trees per hectare. The main harvest represents 70% (18 Mg ha-1) of the annual production, whereas the secondary (mitaca) harvest represents 30% (5.25 Mg ha-1). Yield per tree and number of avocado fruits per tree are negatively affected by the increase in planting densities. In addition, fruit quality parameters show better results at intermediate planting densities of 333 and 400 trees per hectare, with the highest ratios of mesocarp and the lowest of seed, both in fresh and dry weight.Storability of 'SCS417 Monalisa' apple as affected by harvest maturity, 1-methylcyclopropene treatment, and storage atmosphere10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.031212023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZArgenta, Luiz CarlosThewes, Fabio RodrigoAnese, Rogerio de OliveiraFreitas, Sérgio Tonetto deMoura-Bueno, Jean MichelOgoshi, ClaudioBaseggio, Priscila
<em>Argenta, Luiz Carlos</em>;
<em>Thewes, Fabio Rodrigo</em>;
<em>Anese, Rogerio De Oliveira</em>;
<em>Freitas, Sérgio Tonetto De</em>;
<em>Moura-Bueno, Jean Michel</em>;
<em>Ogoshi, Claudio</em>;
<em>Baseggio, Priscila</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to determine the storability of 'SCS417 Monalisa' apple fruit in response to harvest maturity, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment, and storage atmospheres. Fruit quality was evaluated after two, four, six, and eight months plus one day or seven days in shelf life at 22°C. The controlled atmosphere (CA) and 1-MCP (1.0 μL L-1) treatments reduce fruit ethylene production and respiration, prevent rapid softening, and inhibit the incidence of scald-like symptoms, flesh browning, cracking, and fungal decay, in comparison with air storage . The combination of 1-MCP and CA provides additive benefits in firmness retention and in the reduction of the incidence of physiological disorders. CA and/or 1-MCP increase the risk of fruit developing wrinkly skin disorder. The loss of flesh firmness and acidity and the development of all physiological disorders and decay are higher in late-harvested fruit. The storage life of 'SCS417 Monalisa' apple is about two months in cold air and from six to eight months in cold CA, considering the time necessary to reach a flesh firmness of 53 N. The limiting factor for the long-term storage of 'SCS417 Monalisa' apple fruit under CA without 1-MCP is the development of physiological disorders and fungal decay.Development of Israeli mango cultivars in the Brazilian semiarid region10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.031732023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZAndrade, Maria Jany Kátia LoiolaOliveira, Alexandre Santos deSantos, Walber Felix dosSilva, Luan dos SantosCunha, Jenilton Gomes daSouto, Antônio Gustavo de LunaCavalcante, Ítalo Herbert Lucena
<em>Andrade, Maria Jany Kátia Loiola</em>;
<em>Oliveira, Alexandre Santos De</em>;
<em>Santos, Walber Felix Dos</em>;
<em>Silva, Luan Dos Santos</em>;
<em>Cunha, Jenilton Gomes Da</em>;
<em>Souto, Antônio Gustavo De Luna</em>;
<em>Cavalcante, Ítalo Herbert Lucena</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the initial adaptive performance of Israeli mango tree cultivars grown in the submedian region of the São Francisco Valley, Brazil. The experiment was carried out from January 2019 to July 2020 using seedlings of the Omer and Shelly cultivars, at six months after transplanting, at a 3×6 m spacing. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks in a 2×3 factorial arrangement, corresponding to the two Israeli mango tree cultivars and the number of branches after formative pruning (three, four, and five branches), with four replicates. Biometric, biochemical, and photosynthetic variables were analyzed, differing between the evaluation times after pruning. The Omer cultivar is more vigorous than Shelly, and formative pruning with three, four, and five branches is recommended for both mango cultivars under the cultivation conditions of the São Francisco Valley.Chemical thinning programs for 'Fuji Mishima' apple trees under black anti-hail net10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.031962023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZMarchioretto, Lucas De RossRossi, Andrea DeMarodin, Gilmar Arduino Bettio
<em>Marchioretto, Lucas De Ross</em>;
<em>Rossi, Andrea De</em>;
<em>Marodin, Gilmar Arduino Bettio</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate chemical thinning programs containing mixtures of different plant growth regulators, at low concentrations, applied to 'Fuji Mishima' apple trees at post-blossom, as well as to identify the most effective in reducing fruit set, decreasing the need of manual thinning, and improving fruit quality. Under a black anti-hail net, the apple trees were sprayed with the six following chemical thinning protocols (treatments): benzyladenine (BA) + gibberellin4+7 (GA) at full bloom (FB) and BA + carbaryl (CB) on fruitlets with a 15 mm diameter; BA + GA at FB and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) + CB on fruitlets with a 7 mm diameter; BA + GA at FB and BA + CB on fruitlets with a 15 mm diameter; ethephon (ETH) + CB on fruitlets with a 15 mm diameter and metamitron (MM) + ETH on fruitlets with a 20 mm diameter; and MM on fruitlets with a 7 mm diameter and MM on fruitlets with a 20 mm diameter. The treatments were compared with an untreated and a manual thinning control. The black net reduced photosynthetically active radiation in 22%. For 'Fuji Mishima' apples under a black anti-hail net, the chemical thinning program consisting of BA + GA (47 + 47 g a.i. ha-1) at FB, followed by BA + CB (80 + 288 g a.i. ha-1) on fruitlets with a 15 mm diameter, consistently reduces fruit set, requires less manual thinning, and improves fruit weight and size.Evaluation of purple passion fruit grafted onto a fusarium wilt-tolerant rootstock10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.030112023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZLopez, Maria CamilaHurtado-Salazar, AlejandroOcampo, JohnSilva, Danielle Fabíola Pereira daCeballos-Aguirre, Nelson
<em>Lopez, Maria Camila</em>;
<em>Hurtado-Salazar, Alejandro</em>;
<em>Ocampo, John</em>;
<em>Silva, Danielle Fabíola Pereira Da</em>;
<em>Ceballos-Aguirre, Nelson</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the vegetative growth, yield, fruit quality, and survival of purple passion fruit grafted onto a rootstock tolerant to fusarium wilt in an area with a history of this disease. The treatments were the combination of three elite accessions of purple passion fruit (PutEdu01, TesEdu11, and a commercial accession as the control) and three rootstocks (ungrafted, autografted, and grafted onto Passiflora maliformis). TesEdu11 grafted onto P. maliformis shows the highest estimated yield at 307 days after transplanting in areas with fusarium wilt incidence.Development and functioning of the embryo sac in four triploid banana cultivars10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.032042023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZShepherd, KennethDantas, Jorge Luiz LoyolaGoutant-Bakry, Marie-EdithDzoyem, Camille Ulrich DzokouoBakry, Frédéric
<em>Shepherd, Kenneth</em>;
<em>Dantas, Jorge Luiz Loyola</em>;
<em>Goutant-Bakry, Marie-Edith</em>;
<em>Dzoyem, Camille Ulrich Dzokouo</em>;
<em>Bakry, Frédéric</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to investigate the causes of sterility in a new set of triploid banana (Musa spp.) cultivars and to assess the chances of obtaining some progenies by manual cross-pollination. The developmental stages of female gametophyte were histologically recorded in ovules of four distinct triploid banana cultivars. Samples were taken on the day of flower opening and pollination and three days later. Morphologically mature embryo sacs were very rare in the two clones of the 'Cavendish' subgroup and in 'Prata Anã'. In 'Mysore', it occurred at a variable and low frequency. In 'Terrinha', it was extremely common. In the last two cases, the embryo sac maturation process was clearly continuing between the sampling days of flower opening and three days later. No pollen tube was positively identified in pollinated flowers within the integuments of any ovule of the older explants. Different proportions of mature embryo sacs are observed among the studied triploid genotypes of banana. The presence of mature embryo sacs is not an indication of functional capacity. Other causes of infertility in cultivated bananas can be due to some event immediately before or after fertilization, for instance, pollination tube growth failure or seed abortion.Genotypic diversity and genetic parameters of 'Tahiti' acid lime using different rootstocks10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.027682023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZMalikouski, Renan GarciaPeixoto, Marco AntônioFerreira, Filipe ManoelMorais, Andréia Lopes deAlves, Rodrigo SilvaZucoloto, MoisesBarbosa, Dimmy Herllen Silveira GomesBhering, Leonardo Lopes
<em>Malikouski, Renan Garcia</em>;
<em>Peixoto, Marco Antônio</em>;
<em>Ferreira, Filipe Manoel</em>;
<em>Morais, Andréia Lopes De</em>;
<em>Alves, Rodrigo Silva</em>;
<em>Zucoloto, Moises</em>;
<em>Barbosa, Dimmy Herllen Silveira Gomes</em>;
<em>Bhering, Leonardo Lopes</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to estimate the genetic parameters and to evaluate the genotypic diversity of 12 'Tahiti' acid lime (Citrus latifolia) genotypes grafted onto two rootstocks. The experiment was carried out from July 2017 to January 2019, in the municipality of São Mateus, in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Vegetative (stem diameter, canopy projection diameter, and plant height), productive (yield and fruit number), and fruit quality (fruit diameter, soluble solids content, and juice yield) traits were determined. A mixed model was used to estimate heritability and repeatability coefficients, as well as to predict clonal values. Scion diversity was determined through the standardized mean difference of Euclidean distances, and genotypes were clustered by modified Tocher. Clustering quality and trait importance were evaluated using the principal component analysis (PCA). Genotypic variance was observed, which is indicative of the possibility of selection of superior genotypes. The Tocher method showed the presence of three clusters, which is in alignment with the PCA results. The multivariate analyses allows of the selection and the recommendation of superior 'Tahiti' acid lime genotypes.Wheat grain biofortification for essential amino acids10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.028602023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZLoro, Murilo VieiraCarvalho, Ivan RicardoCargnelutti Filho, AlbertoHoffmann, Jessica FernandaKehl, Kassiana
<em>Loro, Murilo Vieira</em>;
<em>Carvalho, Ivan Ricardo</em>;
<em>Cargnelutti Filho, Alberto</em>;
<em>Hoffmann, Jessica Fernanda</em>;
<em>Kehl, Kassiana</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to select wheat genotypes aiming to increase the essential amino acids in their grains. The study was carried out in the 2019 crop year, in a randomized complete block design, organized in a 5x5 factorial arrangement – five environments in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Cachoeira do Sul, Cruz Alta, Santo Augusto, São Gabriel, and Vacaria), and five wheat genotypes ('BRS Parrudo', 'Marfim', 'Quartzo', 'TBIO Mestre', and 'TBIO Sinuelo') –, with two replicates. Polar metabolites were extracted from the flour of the ground wheat grains, derivatized, and evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Both variance components and genetic parameters were estimated for the metabolites. To select the genotypes for the traits of interest, the multi-trait index based on factor analysis and ideotype design, the multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index, and the multi-trait stability index were applied. The wheat genotypes express a high genetic variability and selection possibility for gentiobiose, butyric acid, galactopyranosyl, phenylalanine, tryptophan, leucine, and isoleucine. The 'Marfim' genotype remains stable for essential amino acid levels in the studied environments. The 'Quartzo' genotype stands out in the expression of leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan in its grains.Adaptability and stability of corn hybrids for the south of the Amazon biome via GGE biplot10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.029312023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZLima, Joameson AntunesRossi, Ana Aparecida BandiniSantos, Talles de OliveiraPenna, Guilherme FerreiraTardin, Flávio DessauneTrindade, Roberto dos SantosGuimarães, Paulo Evaristo de OliveiraGodinho, Vicente de Paulo CamposAmaral Junior, Antônio Teixeira doCordeiro, Angelo Gabriel MendesSantos, Renan Colavite dosJesus, Marry Suelly Ferreira dePogalsky, Letícia de SouzaTiago, Auana VicentePedri, Eliane Moreno deFerreira, Edimilson LeonardoZanetti, Géssica Tais
<em>Lima, Joameson Antunes</em>;
<em>Rossi, Ana Aparecida Bandini</em>;
<em>Santos, Talles De Oliveira</em>;
<em>Penna, Guilherme Ferreira</em>;
<em>Tardin, Flávio Dessaune</em>;
<em>Trindade, Roberto Dos Santos</em>;
<em>Guimarães, Paulo Evaristo De Oliveira</em>;
<em>Godinho, Vicente De Paulo Campos</em>;
<em>Amaral Junior, Antônio Teixeira Do</em>;
<em>Cordeiro, Angelo Gabriel Mendes</em>;
<em>Santos, Renan Colavite Dos</em>;
<em>Jesus, Marry Suelly Ferreira De</em>;
<em>Pogalsky, Letícia De Souza</em>;
<em>Tiago, Auana Vicente</em>;
<em>Pedri, Eliane Moreno De</em>;
<em>Ferreira, Edimilson Leonardo</em>;
<em>Zanetti, Géssica Tais</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to select maize hybrids using the GGE biplot analysis, as well as to evaluate their stability and adaptability in different environments of the North and Midwest regions of Brazil. Thirty-six maize hybrids were evaluated in 2018, in the following five environments in the Northern and Midwestern regions, respectively: in the municipality of Vilhena, in the state of Rondônia; and in the municipalities of Sorriso, Sinop, Alta Floresta, and Carlinda, in the Northern region of the state of Mato Grosso. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design. The analysis of variance was performed, and adaptability and stability were estimated by the GGE biplot method based on grain yield performance. A significant interaction between genotypes and environments was detected, and the biplot analysis was efficient in explaining 62.74% of the total variation in the first two principal components, with the formation of three macroenvironments. The 1P2227, 'BRS 3042', and 1P2265 hybrids showed high yield, responsiveness, and stability in the evaluated environments. The DKB310VTPRO2 hybrid was the most unstable genotype. The recommended hybrids are: DKB310 for the Sorriso and Vilhena macroenvironment; 1M1810 and 1O2106 for the Carlinda environment; and 1M1807 for the Sinop environment.Genetic diversity pattern of <i>Passiflora</i> spp. in Boyacá, Colombia10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.030622023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZCoronado, Ana Cruz MorilloCamargo, María Antonia MartínezCoronado, Yacenia Morillo
<em>Coronado, Ana Cruz Morillo</em>;
<em>Camargo, María Antonia Martínez</em>;
<em>Coronado, Yacenia Morillo</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to characterize the genetic diversity, using ISSR markers, of 70 genotypes of five species of Passiflora spp. in Boyacá, Colombia. For molecular characterization, samples of young leaves were collected from 11 municipalities of the Boyacá department. Genetic similarity was used to cluster the genotypes by the UPGMA method, and genetic structure was evaluated by the Bayesian model. Eight ISSR primers produced 138 loci. The formed cluster consists of two populations, with most individuals of the same species but from different geographic origins. The percentage of polymorphic loci is higher than 80%. The average value of heterozygosity is between 0.29 and 0.36 for population I and II, respectively, and the values of polymorphic information content are low. A moderate genetic differentiation (0.16) and high gene flow (3.35) are observed.CRISPR-transient expression in soybean for simplified gRNA screening in planta10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.030002023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZKoltun, AlessandraSilva, Nathalia Volpi eAngelotti-Mendonça, JéssikaMarin, Silvana Regina RockenbachGonçalves, Leandro Simões AzeredoNepomuceno, Alexandre LimaMertz-Henning, Liliane Marcia
<em>Koltun, Alessandra</em>;
<em>Silva, Nathalia Volpi E</em>;
<em>Angelotti-Mendonça, Jéssika</em>;
<em>Marin, Silvana Regina Rockenbach</em>;
<em>Gonçalves, Leandro Simões Azeredo</em>;
<em>Nepomuceno, Alexandre Lima</em>;
<em>Mertz-Henning, Liliane Marcia</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to develop a method to create and validate CRISPR-Cas systems and different gRNAs in soybean (Glycine max) embryos. Two model genes were used for simple mutation with one gRNA or partial gene deletion with two guides. The gRNAs were inserted into the CRISPR transformation vectors by a type IIS restriction enzyme or by subcloning and inserting the promoter + gRNA2 in the final transformation vector using the classic restriction enzyme cloning method. The vectors were successfully constructed for one and two gRNAs. Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation in soybean was carried out to test the quality of gRNAs and of the system itself (expression cassette). Simple mutation and gene deletion were detected in the embryos transformed after DNA enrichment by enzyme digestion followed by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing, which indicates that the CRISPR-Cas system and guides were working. This protocol can be used to accelerate CRISPR-based genome editing strategies for genetic transformation in soybean.Stopping criteria for genetic improvement software for beef-cattle mating selection10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.028632023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZVidal, Ezequiel LuísCamargo, Sandro da SilvaCardoso, Fernando Flores
<em>Vidal, Ezequiel Luís</em>;
<em>Camargo, Sandro Da Silva</em>;
<em>Cardoso, Fernando Flores</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to propose a new stopping criterion to shorten the computing time of the PampaPlus genetic improvement software, while maximizing the genetic qualification index (GQI) of the progeny, controlling inbreeding, and avoiding unintended culling. Data from two beef-cattle herds integrating PampaPlus were used. Five mating scenarios were built using different numbers of sires (9 to 37) and dams (142 to 568). The analyzed algorithm inputs were: expected progeny differences, pedigree information, maximum inbreeding, maximum and minimum number of matches for each sire, and penalty weights for poor performance. The analyzed response variables were computing time and the GQI of the progenies. Three stopping criteria were used: original stopping criterion fixed at 1,000 iterations; saturation stopping criterion (SSC), based on GQI variance; and Bhandari’s stopping criterion (BSC), which includes the generation interval parameter. SSC and BSC reduced processing time in 24.43-53.64% and in 14.32-50.87%, respectively. BSC reaches solution in less time, without losses in GQI quality. BSC is generalizable and effective to reduce the processing time of mating recommendations.Combining ability of forage maize S<sub>3</sub> progenies in topcrosses for traits of the vegetative part and whole plant10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.030572023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZPaiva, Elida Auxiliadora PeraltaFaria, Marcos VenturaNeumann, MikaelMendes, Marcelo CruzGava, EmanuelChiquito, Nathany RibeiroScislowski, LilianeZaluski, Welton Luiz
<em>Paiva, Elida Auxiliadora Peralta</em>;
<em>Faria, Marcos Ventura</em>;
<em>Neumann, Mikael</em>;
<em>Mendes, Marcelo Cruz</em>;
<em>Gava, Emanuel</em>;
<em>Chiquito, Nathany Ribeiro</em>;
<em>Scislowski, Liliane</em>;
<em>Zaluski, Welton Luiz</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the combining ability of S3 forage maize (Zea mays) progenies for traits related to forage yield and bromatological quality, with and without the ear, as well as to evaluate the ability of testers to discriminate progenies for these traits. The trials were carried out in the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 crop seasons, in the municipality of Guarapuava, in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Topcross hybrids obtained from the crosses of 28 S3 maize progenies with three testers were evaluated. The following forage qualitative traits of the whole plant and of the plant without the ear were evaluated: neutral and acid detergent fibers, lignin, and in situ dry mass digestibility, as well as digestible dry mass yield of the whole plant. The progenies that stood out for forage qualitative traits were 85.1 and 42.1 for the whole plant and for the plant without the ear, respectively. For the qualitative and productive traits of whole-plant forage, progenies 91.1, 106.2, 126.2, 138.1, 152.1, 235.1, and 251.1 are promising to continue in the breeding program aiming to generate hybrids with a high yield and fiber quality. Testers LEM3 and AG8025 are efficient in discriminating progenies for forage yield and bromatological traits.Genetic potential of maize full-sib progenies subjected to a reciprocal recurrent selection10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.031342023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZPedro, CésarMarçola, Maria AngélicaCharimba, Alcides MárioQueiroz, Lorena Gabriela Coelho deSouza, João Cândido de
<em>Pedro, César</em>;
<em>Marçola, Maria Angélica</em>;
<em>Charimba, Alcides Mário</em>;
<em>Queiroz, Lorena Gabriela Coelho De</em>;
<em>Souza, João Cândido De</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to quantify the genetic potential of full-sib maize progenies subjected to a reciprocal recurrent selection, in order to obtain high-yielding hybrids. The experiment was carried out in the alpha lattice design, with three replicates and 24 blocks. One hundred and two full sib maize progenies, from the crossing of two populations and two checks, were evaluated for the following traits: grain yield, seed mass, number of ears per plant, days to maturity, days to anthesis, days to silking, anthesis-silking interval, ear height, plant height, ear position, and stem lodging. Genetic parameters were estimated through REML/BLUP and multivariate analyses (correlation and similarity network, cluster heat map, and genetic gains). There are genetic variability and divergent clusters among the studied full-sib maize progenies. Seed mass, number of ears per plant, and anthesis silking interval are the traits that most contribute to the improvement of grain yield and divergence among the full-sib maize progenies. Genetic potential should be exploited through the selection and recombination in reciprocal recurrent selection to obtain high-yielding hybrids.Phenotyping methods and phenological stages to quantify the root system of common bean10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.031692023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZCerutti, Paulo HenriqueMelo, Rita Carolina deCarbonari, Luan Tiago dos SantosSchwarzer, Pedro AntonioGuidolin, Altamir FredericoCoimbra, Jefferson Luís MeirellesPrimieri, Silmar
<em>Cerutti, Paulo Henrique</em>;
<em>Melo, Rita Carolina De</em>;
<em>Carbonari, Luan Tiago Dos Santos</em>;
<em>Schwarzer, Pedro Antonio</em>;
<em>Guidolin, Altamir Frederico</em>;
<em>Coimbra, Jefferson Luís Meirelles</em>;
<em>Primieri, Silmar</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate root phenotyping methods and the ideal phenological stage to quantify the root system of fixed and segregating common bean populations, in order to select superior genotypes. The experiment was carried out in two municipalities in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, and the treatments consisted of six genotypes, the Shovelomics and WinRHIZO root phenotyping methods, and the V4-4, R6, and R8 phenological stages. The simple lattice experimental design was used to evaluate the following variables: basal root angle, vertical root length, left and right horizontal root length, total root length, projected area, and root average volume and diameter. For all variables, there was a significant interaction between phenotyping methods and phenological stages, showing their influence on root system evaluation. The Shovelomics and WinRHIZO phenotyping methods are efficient in quantifying the root system of common bean plants and show specificity for phenological stages, regardless of the genotype. The quantification of the root system of fixed and segregating genotypes is analogous in both methods. The Shovelomics method is more efficient in evaluating the root system of common bean at the R8 stage, and the WinRHIZO method, at the R6 stage.Variability among common bean lines for maximum dry matter accumulation in the grains10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.031802023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZMiguel, Júlio Augusto de CastroTeixeira, Rita de Kassia SiqueiraAbreu, Ângela de Fátima BarbosaRamalho, Magno Antônio PatoSouza, Elaine Aparecida de
<em>Miguel, Júlio Augusto De Castro</em>;
<em>Teixeira, Rita De Kassia Siqueira</em>;
<em>Abreu, Ângela De Fátima Barbosa</em>;
<em>Ramalho, Magno Antônio Pato</em>;
<em>Souza, Elaine Aparecida De</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to verify if there is variability in the dry matter accumulation rate of grains of the carioca-type common bean, as well as to identify the success of selection for this trait and the best time for harvest. Sixteen lines with carioca-type grains were evaluated in three sowing seasons through samples of five plants obtained at regular intervals. A quadratic equation was used to estimate the number of days to obtain the maximum dry matter in the grains. A low variability was observed among the lines, discouraging selection for this trait. The ideal moment for harvesting is when 100% of the grains present the typical stripes of carioca common bean, which may vary among and within pods of the same plant. If the harvest is carried out before complete physiological maturation is reached, the dry matter in the grains decreases, on average, 2.75% per day.Drought tolerance induced by the overexpression of the nuclear <i>rbcL</i> gene in rice10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.031812023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZOliveira, João Augusto Vieira deVianello, Rosana PereiraLanna, Anna CristinaDedicova, BeataRocha, Dhiôvanna CorrêiaBrondani, Claudio
<em>Oliveira, João Augusto Vieira De</em>;
<em>Vianello, Rosana Pereira</em>;
<em>Lanna, Anna Cristina</em>;
<em>Dedicova, Beata</em>;
<em>Rocha, Dhiôvanna Corrêia</em>;
<em>Brondani, Claudio</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to determine whether the overexpression of the nuclear Rubisco large subunit (rbcL) improves the drought tolerance of the genetically modified (GM) BRSMG Curinga upland rice (Oryza sativa) cultivar. GM and non-genetically modified (NGM) plants of the same cultivar were compared under the two following water treatments: well watered (WW) and water deficit (WD). The performance of the agronomic traits of GM plants, including grain yield, was superior to that of NGM plants in both treatments. By quantitative polymerase chain reaction, GM plants show a significantly higher expression of the rbcL gene in both WW and WD, as well as a larger amount of abscisic acid. With the RNAseq analysis, almost three times more upregulated genes are identified in GM plants in stage 2 after water restriction, indicating a greater protection against water deficit. The higher expression of genes related to the protection of the cellular metabolism and a series of physiological alterations may be involved in the increase in the drought tolerance of GM rice plants overexpressing the rbcL gene.Physiological and phenotypical effects of the overexpression of the <i>OVP1</i> gene in Japonica rice10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.031672023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZRocha, Dhiôvanna CorrêiaCruz, Thaís Ignez daOliveira, João Augusto Vieira deSouza, Isabela Pavanelli deDedicova, BeataCoelho, Alexandre Siqueira GuedesVianello, Rosana PereiraBrondani, Claudio
<em>Rocha, Dhiôvanna Corrêia</em>;
<em>Cruz, Thaís Ignez Da</em>;
<em>Oliveira, João Augusto Vieira De</em>;
<em>Souza, Isabela Pavanelli De</em>;
<em>Dedicova, Beata</em>;
<em>Coelho, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes</em>;
<em>Vianello, Rosana Pereira</em>;
<em>Brondani, Claudio</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological, phenotypic, and gene expression parameters in genetically modified (GM) rice plants that overexpress the Oryza sativa Vacuolar H+-Pyrophosphatase 1 (OVP1) gene, compared with non-genetically modified (NGM) rice. GM and NGM plants of the BRSMG Curinga cultivar were evaluated in two experiments, in a laboratory and greenhouse, in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates. Agronomic traits of interest were estimated, and transcriptome analysis and gene expression quantification were carried out. GM plants showed a 31 and 21% higher number of spikelets per panicle and total number of grains per panicle, respectively, in comparison with NGM plants. Physiological changes occurred during the grain-filling stage, in which GM plants presented a photosynthetic rate and carboxylation efficiency 61 and 89% higher than those of NGM plants, respectively. The overexpression of the OVP1 gene favors the upregulation of some photosynthesis genes and the increase in the number of spikelets and in the photosynthetic rate, but does not favor the increase in grain yield.Genetic cause and effect interrelationships for grain quality attributes of irrigated rice10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.032522023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZFacchinello, Paulo Henrique KarlingCarvalho, Ivan RicardoStreck, Eduardo AnibeleAguiar, Gabriel AlmeidaGoveia, JanaínaFeijó, MichelePereira, Roberto RamosFagundes, Paulo Ricardo ReisLoro, Murilo VieiraMaia, Luciano Carlos daMagalhães Júnior, Ariano Martins de
<em>Facchinello, Paulo Henrique Karling</em>;
<em>Carvalho, Ivan Ricardo</em>;
<em>Streck, Eduardo Anibele</em>;
<em>Aguiar, Gabriel Almeida</em>;
<em>Goveia, Janaína</em>;
<em>Feijó, Michele</em>;
<em>Pereira, Roberto Ramos</em>;
<em>Fagundes, Paulo Ricardo Reis</em>;
<em>Loro, Murilo Vieira</em>;
<em>Maia, Luciano Carlos Da</em>;
<em>Magalhães Júnior, Ariano Martins De</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to determine the genetic correlations and the direct and indirect associations of agronomic traits and grain quality attributes with the percentage of whole grains in flood irrigated rice. The experiment was carried out in two environments, in a randomized complete block design with three replicates, using 23 irrigated rice genotypes. The evaluated traits were: percentage of whole grains, caryopsis length, caryopsis width, panicle length, panicle weight, 1,000 grain weight, days to flowering, percentage of chalky grains with white belly, total chalky area, total whiteness, vitreous whiteness, and defects in coloring. The percentage of grains with white belly and total chalky area were positively correlated, whereas the percentage of grains with white belly and vitreous whiteness were negatively correlated. The traits caryopsis width, percentage of chalky grains with white belly, panicle weight, and 1,000 grain weight showed indirect effects on whole-grain yield response according to total chalky area and total whiteness. Total chalky area and total whiteness are the factors that most negatively influence the percentage of whole grains according to the genotypic correlations and direct effects.Genetic parameters and validation of microsatellite markers associated with iron and zinc in common bean10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.032672023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZCarloni, Poliana ReginaSouza, Thiago Lívio Pessoa Oliveira deAguiar, Marcelo Sfeir deMelo, Leonardo CunhaMelo, Patrícia Guimarães SantosPereira, Helton Santos
<em>Carloni, Poliana Regina</em>;
<em>Souza, Thiago Lívio Pessoa Oliveira De</em>;
<em>Aguiar, Marcelo Sfeir De</em>;
<em>Melo, Leonardo Cunha</em>;
<em>Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos</em>;
<em>Pereira, Helton Santos</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to estimate the genetic parameters, evaluate the agronomic performance, and validate the microsatellite molecular markers (SSRs) linked with quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for Fe and Zn concentrations in grains of common bean, in order to select superior lines. One hundred and sixteen lines from two populations ('BRS Requinte' × 'Porto Real' and 'BRS Requinte' × G2358) and five check genotypes were evaluated in three environments. The parents and lines were genotyped with 20 SSRs. In the simultaneous selection of the lines for the four evaluated traits, the gains from selection were 4.7% for Fe concentration, 2.8% for Zn concentration, 3.9% for yield, and 0.9% for 100-seed weight. Therefore, there is the possibility of selection of lines that combine desirable phenotypes for the traits of interest. The only polymorphic marker is BM 154 in the 'BRS Requinte' × 'Porto Real' population, indicating that the QTLs linked with the markers may already be fixed or that the markers are not associated in the used populations. The single-marker analysis of QTL mapping shows an association between BM 154 and Fe concentration in only one environment, explaining 14.5% of phenotypic variation, which indicates the occurrence of the interaction of QTLs with environments.Genetic diversity of <i>Xanthomonas phaseoli</i> p v. <i>manihotis</i> populations using rep-PCR and VNTR molecular markers10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.032992023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZOliveira, Laís Barreto deOliveira, Saulo Alves Santos deMoreira, Ricardo Franco CunhaDiamantino, Maria Selma Alves SilvaRamos, Andresa Priscila de SouzaSoares, Taliane LeilaFerreira, Claudia Fortes
<em>Oliveira, Laís Barreto De</em>;
<em>Oliveira, Saulo Alves Santos De</em>;
<em>Moreira, Ricardo Franco Cunha</em>;
<em>Diamantino, Maria Selma Alves Silva</em>;
<em>Ramos, Andresa Priscila De Souza</em>;
<em>Soares, Taliane Leila</em>;
<em>Ferreira, Claudia Fortes</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic diversity of Xanthomonas phaseoli p v. manihotis (Xpm) from eight populations from five cassava producing states in Brazil, through the rep-PCR (BOX-PCR and ERIC-PCR) and variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) markers. Cassava leaves with symptoms of cassava bacterial blight were collected in eight municipalities, and the Xpm isolates were identified by amplification with primers specific for these isolates. The identity of the Xpm isolates was confirmed with the BOX-PCR, ERIC-PCR, and VNTR markers. The observed selection pressure, together with the mode of reproduction and the mechanisms that increase genetic variability, allows of the pathogen populations to adapt according to microclimate variation, contributing to a differentiated reproductive success. ERIC-PCR and VNTRs are the best markers for evaluating the genetic variability in the eight studied Xpm populations. However, ERIC-PCR is the marker that best separated the groups by population and presented a higher similarity between the isolates of the same population. The study of the genetic diversity of Xpm is key to improve disease monitoring and management strategies in cassava crops.Genetic diversity and structure of <i>Anacardium humile</i> (Anacardiaceae) populations10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.031862023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZSouza, Josimar Morais deTelles, Mariana Pires de CamposPinto, Jefferson Fernando NavesReis, Edésio Fialho dos
<em>Souza, Josimar Morais De</em>;
<em>Telles, Mariana Pires De Campos</em>;
<em>Pinto, Jefferson Fernando Naves</em>;
<em>Reis, Edésio Fialho Dos</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to describe and compare the patterns of genetic variation in 19 populations of Anacardium humile from the Cerrado biome of the Brazilian Midwestern region. The ex situ germplasm collection of Universidade Federal de Jataí, in the state of Goiás, Brazil, was used for the study. To quantify the genetic variability of A. humile, 529 plants from 17 populations in Goiás from 2 in the state of Mato Grosso were studied, from which nine microsatellite loci were genotyped by capillary electrophoresis. The populations showed high levels of genetic diversity, with an average value of 0.830, and high inbreeding values, which suggests a deficit of heterozygotes. The genetic differentiation value between populations was 0.065. The greatest variability, which is moderately structured, was observed within populations. There is a significant inbreeding within the A. humile population in the Cerrado biome of the Brazilian Midwestern region. The A. humile populations are divided into two groups.Genetic parameters and selection of carioca common bean lines resistant to fusarium wilt10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.033132023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZCavalheiro, Sâmela BeutingerMelo, Leonardo CunhaSouza, Thiago Lívio Pessoa Oliveira dePereira, Helton Santos
<em>Cavalheiro, Sâmela Beutinger</em>;
<em>Melo, Leonardo Cunha</em>;
<em>Souza, Thiago Lívio Pessoa Oliveira De</em>;
<em>Pereira, Helton Santos</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to estimate genetic parameters and to select lines of carioca commercial bean group with high yield, great 100-seed weight, good grain appearance, and good resistance to fusarium wilt, disease caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli that inhabits the soil. A total of 114 lines coming from two populations were evaluated together with seven control genotypes in the winter crop season in the years/generations of 2015/F5:7 and 2016/F5:8. There is a genetic variability among the carioca common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) lines for all the traits evaluated, and the estimates of the genetic parameters show a possible successful selection for reaction to fusarium wilt, yield, grain appearance, and 100-seed weight. Twenty-four lines of carioca common bean that were selected combine high resistance to fusarium wilt, yield, 100-seed weight, and good grain appearance. CNFC 19126, CNFC 19205, and CNFC 19131 show a better performance than the control genotypes with the highest level of resistance, so their evaluation in multiple environments is recommended, aiming at new resistant cultivars to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli.Suppression of female flowers and pollen fertility of male flowers of banana plants10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.033762023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZDzoyem, Camille Ulrich DzokouoKapuku, Lucien IbobondjiNdiang, ZenabouTchabong, Gaetan Romaric NgapmeuYoumbi, EmmanuelBakry, Frédéric
<em>Dzoyem, Camille Ulrich Dzokouo</em>;
<em>Kapuku, Lucien Ibobondji</em>;
<em>Ndiang, Zenabou</em>;
<em>Tchabong, Gaetan Romaric Ngapmeu</em>;
<em>Youmbi, Emmanuel</em>;
<em>Bakry, Frédéric</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the suppression of female flowers on the pollen fertility of male flowers of banana plants. Two modes of female flower suppression, one partial and one complete, were applied shortly after flowering to diploid, triploid, and tetraploid banana genotypes. The effect of flower suppression on the number of male flowers and the length of their anthers was evaluated, as well as pollen viability and the size and number of pollen grains per anther. Pollination tests were performed to evaluate the number of seed obtained from the progeny of some genotypes. The total suppression of female flowers significantly increases pollen fertility, estimated by an increase in the number of pollen grains per anther (up to 80% per anther). Total female flower suppression also improves significantly seed production in the crosses (from 35 to 160% per pollinated bunch), which suggests a positive influence of the sap flowing through the bunch on the efficiency of banana pollen.Selection of superior cowpea lines derived from local cultivars for the Brazilian semiarid region10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.033912023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZLopes, Anna Flávia de SousaAragão, Walter Frazão Lelis deDamasceno-Silva, Kaesel JacksonRocha, Maurisrael de Moura
<em>Lopes, Anna Flávia De Sousa</em>;
<em>Aragão, Walter Frazão Lelis De</em>;
<em>Damasceno-Silva, Kaesel Jackson</em>;
<em>Rocha, Maurisrael De Moura</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to select superior cowpea lines derived from local cultivars for the semiarid region of southeastern Piauí, Brazil. A total of 38 genotypes (36 lines and two commercial cultivars) were evaluated in a randomized complete block design, with two replicates, in the municipality of Ipiranga do Piauí, in the state of Piauí. The following traits were evaluated: number of days to the onset of flowering, pod length, number of grains per pod, weight of 100 grains, commercial grain quality, and grain yield. Deviance analyzes were performed using the restricted maximum likelihood and best unbiased predictor approach, the parameters and genetic values were estimated, and simultaneous selection was carried out via the sum of ranks index. The likelihood ratio test showed a significant difference between the evaluated genotypes. Lines 36, 5, 24, 8, 2, 23, 29, 28, 34, 6, 19, 11, 7, and 20 are superior for the set of evaluated traits and, therefore, are the most promising to compose the advanced trial of the cowpea breeding program and to generate cultivars for family farmers in the semiarid region of southeastern Piauí.Strategies for the selection of common bean lines for yield and commercial grain quality10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.034032023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZSilva, Fernanda de CássiaMartins, Saulo MunizPereira, Helton SantosMelo, Patrícia Guimarães SantosMelo, Leonardo Cunha
<em>Silva, Fernanda De Cássia</em>;
<em>Martins, Saulo Muniz</em>;
<em>Pereira, Helton Santos</em>;
<em>Melo, Patrícia Guimarães Santos</em>;
<em>Melo, Leonardo Cunha</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate common bean lines for yield and commercial grain quality in multi-environments, and to maximize the efficiency of selection using complementary methods. Over three crop years, 79 trials using carioca common bean lines were carried out in the dry, winter, and rainy crop seasons, in the Southern, Southeastern, Midwestern, and Northeastern regions of Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replicates and 17 genotypes. The evaluated traits were: grain yield (GY), grain appearance (GA), sieve yield (SY), and 100-seed weight (100SW). Adaptability and stability analyses were carried out using models that consider the genotype effect as fixed or as random, in a mixed-model perspective. A significant interaction between genotypes and environments was observed for all traits evaluated. The CNFC 15086 line presented the highest GY and 100SW, besides a high adaptability and stability. The most prominent line for GA was CNFC 15038. The CNFC 15097 line is recommended as a cultivar (BRS FC406) because it shows, simultaneously, favorable performances for GY, GA, SY, and 100SW, as well as for adaptability and stability.GGE biplot analysis of the adaptability and stability of wheat genotypes in Mozambique10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.035492023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZDique, José Eulário LampiMiguel, Magalhães AmadePedro, CésarSilota, GaudêncioFernando, Custódio José JorgeBungala, Leonel Tarcísio da CristinaCharimba, Alcides MárioAbílio, Lúcia CésarSimbe, José DomingosCarneiro, Vinícius Quintão
<em>Dique, José Eulário Lampi</em>;
<em>Miguel, Magalhães Amade</em>;
<em>Pedro, César</em>;
<em>Silota, Gaudêncio</em>;
<em>Fernando, Custódio José Jorge</em>;
<em>Bungala, Leonel Tarcísio Da Cristina</em>;
<em>Charimba, Alcides Mário</em>;
<em>Abílio, Lúcia César</em>;
<em>Simbe, José Domingos</em>;
<em>Carneiro, Vinícius Quintão</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to use the GGE biplot method to select superior wheat genotypes for adaptability and stability, and to determine grain yield in Sussundenga, Bárué, and Lichinga, in Mozambique, in the 2018/2019, 2019/2020, and 2020/2021 crop years. Eleven treatments were evaluated, using ten wheat genotypes from International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center and a control cultivar developed by a Zimbabwean seed company and used in the national wheat program of the country. Grain yield was the main trait evaluated through individual and joint analyses of variance, adaptability, and stability. The effects of genotypes and the genotype × environment interaction were significant. The adaptability and stability analysis using the GGE biplot method showed that the first two main components explained 94.6% of the total variation for year effect, and 91.8%, for the location effect. The following genotypes can be selected for favorable and unfavorable environments: G1, considered ideal due to its high mean yield and stability over the years; and G4 and G7, for simultaneously showing a high yield and stability over the years.Genome-wide association of iron content in rice grains grown in Southern Brazil10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.032032023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZOliveira, Victoria Freitas deVenske, EduardoStafen, Cássia FernandaPaniz, Fernanda PolloPedron, TatianaPereira, Rodrigo MendesMagalhães Júnior, Ariano Martins deMaia, Luciano Carlos daOliveira, Antonio Costa deBatista, Bruno LemosPegoraro, Camila
<em>Oliveira, Victoria Freitas De</em>;
<em>Venske, Eduardo</em>;
<em>Stafen, Cássia Fernanda</em>;
<em>Paniz, Fernanda Pollo</em>;
<em>Pedron, Tatiana</em>;
<em>Pereira, Rodrigo Mendes</em>;
<em>Magalhães Júnior, Ariano Martins De</em>;
<em>Maia, Luciano Carlos Da</em>;
<em>Oliveira, Antonio Costa De</em>;
<em>Batista, Bruno Lemos</em>;
<em>Pegoraro, Camila</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to map the chromosomal regions responsible for iron accumulation in rice grains, in Southern Brazil. Eighty-one rice accessions were genotyped and phenotyped for Fe accumulation. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were mapped in the whole grain on chromosomes 1, 5, 6, and 10, from which 13 candidate genes were identified. Some of the genes, such as O s10g040680 0, seem to have a relationship with Fe homeostasis, while others are related to other metabolic processes or have an unknown function.Maturation and detachment force for mechanized harvesting of irrigated Conilon coffee in the Brazilian Cerrado10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.029672023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZSantin, Mateus RollembergAmabile, Renato FernandoMalaquias, Juaci VitóriaVeiga, Adriano DellyBrige, Felipe Augusto AlvesSala, Pedro Ivo Aquino Leite
<em>Santin, Mateus Rollemberg</em>;
<em>Amabile, Renato Fernando</em>;
<em>Malaquias, Juaci Vitória</em>;
<em>Veiga, Adriano Delly</em>;
<em>Brige, Felipe Augusto Alves</em>;
<em>Sala, Pedro Ivo Aquino Leite</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to determine the force required to detach fruits of Conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) genotypes in five maturation stages, to determinate the best stage for mechanized harvest, and to verify the possibility of future selections of genotypes adapted to mechanized harvesting. Harvests were carried out in the 2013/2014 crop season, and the detachment force was determined based for six fruits from each side of the crop row, collected randomly from the middle third of the plants. The detachment force curve was obtained for each cycle through logistic regression, using the R software. According to the duration of their cycle, the genotypes were divided into super early, early, medium, and semilate; the values of the coefficients of the detachment force curve equation were also obtained. There is genetic variability regarding fruit detachment force throughout the maturation cycle, which indicates the possibility of selecting genotypes adapted to mechanized harvesting. Fruit detachment force shows a considerable drop in the final stages of maturation. The raisin stage is the best for the mechanized harvest of irrigated Conilon coffee in the Cerrado.Growth promotion in different <i>Urochloa</i> species inoculated with <i>Azospirillum baldaniorum</i>10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.030792023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZGomes, Liliandra Barreto EmídioSilva, Thamires Ferreira Rodrigues daAlves, Gabriela CavalcantiReis, Veronica Massena
<em>Gomes, Liliandra Barreto Emídio</em>;
<em>Silva, Thamires Ferreira Rodrigues Da</em>;
<em>Alves, Gabriela Cavalcanti</em>;
<em>Reis, Veronica Massena</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate inoculation response to Azospirillum baldaniorum strain Sp245 in 14 Urochloa cultivars. The evaluated cultivars were: Marandú, Xaraés, Paiaguás, Piatã, Basilisk, B140, Comum, Tupi, H47, Llanero, Ruziziensis, Ipyporã, Mulato, and Convert HD364. Three experiments were conducted to measure root traits: two using soil and one a sterile substrate. Compared with the control, a single application of A. baldaniorum Sp245 increases dry matter accumulation and number of roots in cultivars Marandú, Llanero, Ruziziensis, and Convert HD364. However, after inoculation, cultivars Xaraés and Ipyporã show some root traits with lower values.Chemical attributes of an Oxisol with the addition of conilon coffee straw biochar10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.030192023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZAlvarenga, Anarelly CostaPassos, Renato RibeiroAndrade, Felipe VazMendonça, Eduardo de SáRangel, Otacílio José PassosMosa, Lázaro Longue
<em>Alvarenga, Anarelly Costa</em>;
<em>Passos, Renato Ribeiro</em>;
<em>Andrade, Felipe Vaz</em>;
<em>Mendonça, Eduardo De Sá</em>;
<em>Rangel, Otacílio José Passos</em>;
<em>Mosa, Lázaro Longue</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of increasing rates of biochar produced with coffee straw, at two pyrolysis temperatures, on the chemical attributes of an Oxisol cultivated with conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) and on the nutrient content of coffee tree leaves. Treatments consisted of pyrolysis at two temperatures (350 and 600 °C) and of five biochar rates (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 Mg ha-1). The following soil chemical attributes were evaluated: pH in water; P, K, Ca, Mg, Al, H+Al, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn contents; effective and potential cation exchange capacity (CEC); sum of bases (SB); base (V) and aluminium (m) saturation; and N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn contents in the leaves. The biochar produced at 600°C, at rates of 10 and 15 Mg ha-1, promoted a greater K release into the soil. Regardless of temperature, coffee straw biochar increased K and P availability, sum of bases, base saturation, and CEC in the soil, but did not influence macro- and micronutrient contents in the leaves. The addition of increasing rates of coffee straw biochar in the soil increases P, K, Mg, SB, CEC, and V, regardless of pyrolysis temperature.Magnesium thermophosphates from the Maicuru complex as sources of P and Mg in maize production10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.028922023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZCastro, Cesar deCosta, Marcondes Lima daFirmano, Ruan FranciscoGuardani, RobertoSilva, George Rodrigues da
<em>Castro, Cesar De</em>;
<em>Costa, Marcondes Lima Da</em>;
<em>Firmano, Ruan Francisco</em>;
<em>Guardani, Roberto</em>;
<em>Silva, George Rodrigues Da</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to investigate changes in soil chemical characteristics, phosphorous concentrations in maize leaves, and the agronomic efficiency (AE) of magnesium thermophosphates produced from rocks of the Maicuru complex in the Brazilian Amazon Basin, in comparison with triple superphosphate (TSP). The thermophosphates consisted of a mixture of raw material from apatite, dunite, and quartz sandstone from Maicuru, aiming to adjust the contents of P, Mg, and Si. The mixture was melted, ground, and subjected to the analysis of solubility, chemical characteristics, and granulometry. The experiment consisted of two rates of dolomitic lime (0 and 2.4 Mg ha-1), three rates of P (20, 60, and 100 mg kg-1 soil), and four sources of P (TSP and three Mg thermophosphates), as well as of two control treatments, with and without lime. Three replicates were carried out per treatment in pots containing plants of the BR 5107 maize hybrid. Phosphorous concentration was determined in maize leaves at 45 days after sowing. The Mg thermophosphates showed a high AE and a higher neutralizing effect with the application of lime, which improved soil chemical characteristics and AE. The thermophosphates obtained from rocks of the Maicuru complex can be an alternative P fertilizer in maize production.Nitrous oxide emission from excreta of different beef cattle breeds finished in feedlot10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.033122023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZTeixeira, Natalia PinheiroOliveira, Alan Figueiredo deMenezes, Guilherme LobatoAlvarenga, Ramon CostaCampanha, Mônica MatosoAlves, Bruno José RodriguesLana, Ângela Maria Quintão
<em>Teixeira, Natalia Pinheiro</em>;
<em>Oliveira, Alan Figueiredo De</em>;
<em>Menezes, Guilherme Lobato</em>;
<em>Alvarenga, Ramon Costa</em>;
<em>Campanha, Mônica Matoso</em>;
<em>Alves, Bruno José Rodrigues</em>;
<em>Lana, Ângela Maria Quintão</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to compare nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from urine and manure of Nellore and crossbred (Nellore x Angus) cattle finished in feedlot. Twenty Nellore and 20 crossbred bulls were fed a diet consisting of 75% concentrate and 25% roughage. Excreta were applied to the pens after 43 days of confinement, when N2O monitoring started through static chambers. The data were subjected to the analysis of variance, and averages were compared by Tukey’s test. The N2O fluxes from urine and manure were similar among the breeds, with important peaks after rain events. The cumulative emissions of N2O from urine per kilogram of body weight gain (BWG) and the total emissions from manure per kilogram of BWG were 22.7% and 24.4% higher in Nellore cattle. There is no breed effect on N2O flux and cumulative emissions by excreta from confined beef cattle; however, the crossbreed emits less per kilogram of BWG. There is a high correlation between rainfall volume and the N2O emissions of the next day, which indicates a period between rain occurrence and the increase in N2O emission.Bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of leaves from olive trees grown in Paraná, Brazil10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.030252023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZRibas, Jessyca Caroline RochaLazzari, AndersonGonzalez, Lorena Beatriz FagundesSilva, Clandio Medeiros daAdamuchio, Laís GomesCuquel, Francine LorenaSakurada, RodrigoPintro, Paula Toshimi Matumoto
<em>Ribas, Jessyca Caroline Rocha</em>;
<em>Lazzari, Anderson</em>;
<em>Gonzalez, Lorena Beatriz Fagundes</em>;
<em>Silva, Clandio Medeiros Da</em>;
<em>Adamuchio, Laís Gomes</em>;
<em>Cuquel, Francine Lorena</em>;
<em>Sakurada, Rodrigo</em>;
<em>Pintro, Paula Toshimi Matumoto</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the bromatological composition, bioactive compounds, antioxidant activities, and color of the leaves of olive cultivars Arbosana, Arbequina, Frantoio, Manzanilla, and Koroneiki in northwestern Paraná, Brazil. Leaves of each cultivar were collected for the experiment, which was carried out in a completely randomized design. The dry matter (DM) of olive leaves contains mostly carbohydrates (56.15 to 59.42 g 100 g-1 DM) and fibers (17.37 to 19.73 g 100 g-1 DM) in its bromatological composition. The total polyphenol content ranges from 13.27 to 22.81 mg GAE g-1, with cultivar Manzanilla standing out, and the flavonoid content from 6.50 to 7.65 mg QE g-1. Manzanilla shows the highest antioxidant activity of 93.56 and 78.15% in the DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. When compared with the other cultivars, Manzanilla and Koroneiki have leaves with a higher green intensity and total chlorophyll content of 0.958 and 0.833 mg 100 mL 1, respectively. In the ABTS assay, there is a correlation both between total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity and between chlorophyll content and antioxidant activity. Olive leaves have characteristics that allow their application as an additive or ingredient for the development of food products with satisfactory antioxidant activity.Drying of butiá pulp by the foam-layer method and characterization of the obtained powder10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.030502023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZGirelli, AndrezaSant’Anna, VoltaireKlein, Manuela Poletto
<em>Girelli, Andreza</em>;
<em>Sant’anna, Voltaire</em>;
<em>Klein, Manuela Poletto</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to develop a drying process using the foam-layer method to obtain the powder from butiá (Butia spp.) pulp, as well as to characterize this powder according to its yield and physicochemical and technological characteristics. The foam was optimized for density and stability by varying whipping times and albumin and xanthan gum concentrations. Foam drying was optimized for vitamin C retention and yield using different foam thicknesses and drying temperatures. The optimized foam showed a density of 0.25 g cm-3 and a high stability, being suitable for subsequent drying. The lowest foam thickness (0.50 cm) and the highest drying temperature (80°C) resulted in the highest retention of vitamin C, whereas the increase in drying temperature improved yield. The butiá pulp powder obtained under the optimized condition presented an acid pH of 3.25, a low humidity of 7.97%, a water activity of 0.206, a water retention capacity of 4.90 g H2O per gram of powder, a solubility of 74.40%, a soluble solids content of 61°Brix, and a predominantly yellow color. The foam-layer drying method can be used to obtain butiá pulp powder.Potential use of sweet potato leaves for human consumption10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.029912023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZGama, André Boscolo Nogueira daSilva, Eduardo Alves daAndrade Júnior, Valter Carvalho deBrito, Orlando GonçalvesCosta, Ariana Lemes daCavasin, Pedro YuriCarvalho, Elisângela Elena Nunes
<em>Gama, André Boscolo Nogueira Da</em>;
<em>Silva, Eduardo Alves Da</em>;
<em>Andrade Júnior, Valter Carvalho De</em>;
<em>Brito, Orlando Gonçalves</em>;
<em>Costa, Ariana Lemes Da</em>;
<em>Cavasin, Pedro Yuri</em>;
<em>Carvalho, Elisângela Elena Nunes</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to select sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) genotypes with leaves with potential to be used for human consumption. Twenty-six experimental genotypes and four commercial cultivars were tested in a randomized complete block design with three replicates and ten plants per plot. The trial was carried out in the municipality of Lavras, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Leaf shape and lobe, aerial-part yield, edible-leaf yield, edible-leaf percentage, edible-leaf dry mass, and latex production, as well as leaf total chlorophyll, pH, soluble solids contents, titratable acidity, total phenolic compounds, and anthocyanin contents, were evaluated. Roots were characterized as to their pulp and peel colors. Fifteen genotypes presented the highest aerial-part (29.6 to 51.8 Mg ha-1) and edible leaf (7.8 to 12.7 Mg ha-1) yields. In the biochemical analysis, high contents of chlorophyll, total phenolics, and anthocyanins were observed. In addition, pH, soluble solids, and leaf titratable acidity did not differ significantly among the evaluated genotypes. Leaves of ten genotypes are recommended for human consumption.Food product preparation from the vinification of 'BRS Violeta' by-products10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.031192023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZNogueira, Tuany Yuri KuboyamaShimizu-Marin, Victoria DinizGonçales, Ana CarolinaPrado, Heloíza Ferreira Alves doSilva, Roberto daLago-Vanzela, Ellen Silva
<em>Nogueira, Tuany Yuri Kuboyama</em>;
<em>Shimizu-Marin, Victoria Diniz</em>;
<em>Gonçales, Ana Carolina</em>;
<em>Prado, Heloíza Ferreira Alves Do</em>;
<em>Silva, Roberto Da</em>;
<em>Lago-Vanzela, Ellen Silva</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to manufacture pizza dough, truffle, and cake using the paste of a by-product from the vinification of 'BRS Violeta' grape, as well as to determine some bromatological characteristics of these products. The by-product was pressed to remove excess must and crushed to obtain the paste. The paste, pasteurized at 80°C for 3 min and frozen at -18°C, was characterized for total phenolic compounds (TPC), total monomeric anthocyanins (TMA), and dietary fiber. The food products were characterized for the following parameters: moisture, energy value, and protein, lipid, ash, dietary fiber, total carbohydrates, and TPC contents. The contents found in the paste were: 326 mg GAE 100 g-1, for TPC; 185 mg mv35diglc 100g-1, for TMA; and 10 g 100 g-1, for dietary fibers. Based on the centesimal compositions of the food products, the pizza dough and truffle can be considered as a source of fiber and protein, respectively. The products show TPC contents between 51 and 63 mg GAE 100 g-1. It is possible to prepare food products of good nutritional quality, using grape by-product paste, to minimize waste in the field.Lipid profile of artisanal Minas cheese from certified regions in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.032122023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZDargère, Adélia FerreiraPinto, Sandra MariaSilva, Jonas Guimarães eGarbossa, Cesar Augusto PospissilBatista, Diogo SantosCorreia, Laryssa FernandesMarçal, Joanna OliveiraFaria, Peter Bitencourt
<em>Dargère, Adélia Ferreira</em>;
<em>Pinto, Sandra Maria</em>;
<em>Silva, Jonas Guimarães E</em>;
<em>Garbossa, Cesar Augusto Pospissil</em>;
<em>Batista, Diogo Santos</em>;
<em>Correia, Laryssa Fernandes</em>;
<em>Marçal, Joanna Oliveira</em>;
<em>Faria, Peter Bitencourt</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to determine the fatty acid profile of artisanal Minas cheese from seven certified regions in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. A total of 78 samples were collected in regions where the producers were registered by Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuária. For lipid profile determination, different cheese varieties from the following regions were analyzed: Canastra, Serro, Araxá, Serra do Salitre, Triângulo Mineiro, Campo das Vertentes, and Cerrado. The lipid profile of Serra do Salitre and Araxá cheeses was similar in caproic acid (C6:0), total polyunsaturated fatty acids, and ratio of polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids. In the other regions, lipid profile differed due to associations with specific fatty acids, such as those of the cheeses from Triângulo Mineiro with C20:5n3, of Cerrado with C20:4n6, of Canastra with C8:0, of Serro with C22:2 and C22:6n3, and of Campo das Vertentes with C17:0, C18:0, and C20:0. The fatty acid profile and nutritional indices related to the lipid profile of artisanal Minas cheeses differ according to the region of origin. The content and profile of omega 3 fatty acids are significant parameters to differentiate artisanal Minas cheeses. Serro artisanal Minas cheese presents superior nutritional indices concerning fatty acid profile than the other studied cheeses.Chemical characterization and sensory potential of Brazilian vanilla species10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.033082023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZSilva, Fernanda Nascimento daVieira, Roberto FontesBizzo, Humberto RibeiroGama, Paola ErvattiBrumano, Cláudia NasserVidigal, Márcia Cristina Teixeira RibeiroFernandes Neto, Antônio AugustoCrepalde, Ludmylla TamaraMinim, Valéria Paula Rodrigues
<em>Silva, Fernanda Nascimento Da</em>;
<em>Vieira, Roberto Fontes</em>;
<em>Bizzo, Humberto Ribeiro</em>;
<em>Gama, Paola Ervatti</em>;
<em>Brumano, Cláudia Nasser</em>;
<em>Vidigal, Márcia Cristina Teixeira Ribeiro</em>;
<em>Fernandes Neto, Antônio Augusto</em>;
<em>Crepalde, Ludmylla Tamara</em>;
<em>Minim, Valéria Paula Rodrigues</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical and sensory profile, as well as the acceptability, of Brazilian vanilla species. The evaluated vanilla species were Vanilla planifolia, Vanilla chamissonis, Vanilla bahiana, and Vanilla pompona. For this, the optimized descriptive profile methodology, consumer acceptance tests with extracts applied to teas and creams, and the analysis of mass spectrometry by gas chromatography were used. Volatile compounds, such as vanillin, anisyl acetate, 4-methyl guaiacol, p-cresol, benzyl alcohol, and 2,3-butanediol, were identified. The species V. planifolia and V. pompona exhibited a more intense vanilla aroma, floral aroma, fruity aroma, vanilla flavor, brown color, and sweet taste. In addition, V. bahiana showed a more intense woody attribute, while V. chamissonis showed less intense attributes. Vanilla tea from V. pompona had a better consumer acceptance. However, when the vanillas were applied to creams, there was an acceptance rate of over 80% of all samples. Brazilian native vanillas have different sensory and volatile profiles, besides potential for a high acceptance by consumers.Meads with Brazilian honey from different botanical origins10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.033282023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZFortes, Juciane ProisFranco, Fernanda WoutersSomacal, SabrinaSautter, Cláudia Kaehler
<em>Fortes, Juciane Prois</em>;
<em>Franco, Fernanda Wouters</em>;
<em>Somacal, Sabrina</em>;
<em>Sautter, Cláudia Kaehler</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of meads prepared with multifloral honey, unifloral orange blossom honey, and a mixture of both. To prepare the meads, multifloral honey and orange blossom honey from Southern and Southeastern Brazil, respectively, were used. The physicochemical properties, total phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity of the meads were determined. The phenolic compounds were identified by mass spectrometry, and sensory tests were carried out. Multifloral honey showed higher levels of ash content, reducing sugars, and total phenolic compounds than orange blossom honey. The multifloral and mixed meads presented the highest levels of total phenolics, total polyphenol index, and antioxidant capacity. The orange blossom mead showed the highest scores in the sensory analysis for color, aroma, flavor, and global acceptance. The phenolic compounds identified in the meads were the chlorogenic, protocatechuic, syringic, and p-coumaric acids, as well as naringenin and quercetin. The physicochemical, functional, and sensory characteristics of the meads are affected by the honey used in their preparation.Enzymatic pretreatment for the enhancement of beetroot drying process10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.033522023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZGraciola, Keli CristinaCosta, Bruna RoosSant’Anna, VoltaireKlein, Manuela PolettoMoraes, Kelly de
<em>Graciola, Keli Cristina</em>;
<em>Costa, Bruna Roos</em>;
<em>Sant’anna, Voltaire</em>;
<em>Klein, Manuela Poletto</em>;
<em>Moraes, Kelly De</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of cellulase and pectinase as pretreatments for the drying of beetroot (Beta vulgaris). The experiment consisted of slices of beetroots subjected to four different treatments before the drying procedure, as follows: no wet pretreatment; wet pretreatment without enzymes; pectinase solution pretreatment; and cellulase solution pretreatment. Treatments were compared for drying rates, color change, content of betalains, and plant tissue structure. A modified Page model was used to describe the drying process. The enzymatic pretreatments did not improve the drying kinetics, although they changed the plant tissue structure. A negative influence on the drying was observed when pectinase was used; however, no effect was observed when cellulase was used. Slices treated with cellulase remained unchanged for color. Slices treated with pectinase showed significant changes of color, in comparison with the control treatments. The enzymatic pretreatments studied did not change the betalain concentrations and showed similar drying performance in the comparison with control treatments. Cellulase pretreatment is promising because it does not change the beetroot color or the betalain concentration.Peptide from RuBisCO protein hydrolysate and its application in beef meat preservation10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.033612023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZKobbi, SabrineBougatef, HajerBalti, RafikPrzybylski, RemiSila, AssaadDhulster, PascalBougatef, AliNedjar, Naïma
<em>Kobbi, Sabrine</em>;
<em>Bougatef, Hajer</em>;
<em>Balti, Rafik</em>;
<em>Przybylski, Remi</em>;
<em>Sila, Assaad</em>;
<em>Dhulster, Pascal</em>;
<em>Bougatef, Ali</em>;
<em>Nedjar, Naïma</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to purify the small (705 Da) and hydrophilic antimicrobial Arg-Asp-Arg-Phe-Leu peptide from RuBisCO protein hydrolysate and to evaluate its effect on the microbiological and oxidative stability of beef mince during refrigeration. RuBisCO was obtained from alfafa green juice. The peptide extract was fractionated using RP-HPLC, and the active fractions were analyzed by liquid chromatography, electrospray ionization, and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS). Beef mince was analyzed in the following treatments: negative control, meat with two different BHT concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5% (w/w), and meat with two different Arg-Asp-Arg-Phe-Leu peptide concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5% (w/w). Lipid oxidation using the thio-barbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) values were significantly affected by the storage period and the concentration of bioactive peptide. Arg-Asp-Arg-Phe-Leu, a small antibacterial peptide from RuBisCO, can be isolated and purified by HPLC from alfafa green juice with retention time between 10 and 50 min, which corresponds to antimicrobial peptides. RuBisCO peptide Arg-Asp-Arg-Phe-Leu 0.5% increases oxidative stability of beef mince during refrigeration. RuBisCO peptide Arg-Asp-Arg-Phe-Leu inhibit microbial growth under refrigeration for 11 days.Seed reserve mobilization and seedling morphology of genetically modified soybean treated with glyphosate10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.030422023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZCosta, Francisco Cleilson LopesPeña, Samanda LópezPereira, Welison Andrade
<em>Costa, Francisco Cleilson Lopes</em>;
<em>Peña, Samanda López</em>;
<em>Pereira, Welison Andrade</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the application of the glyphosate herbicide on seed reserve mobilization and seedling morphology of genetically modified soybean. Two herbicide-tolerant (TMG 1264RR and P98Y11) and two herbicide-sensitive (Emgopa 315 and UFUS 7415) cultivars were selected for the study and subjected to germination, seedling length, and reserve mobilization tests after treatments with glyphosate solutions at the concentrations of 0.00, 0.06, and 0.12%. The hypocotyl/radicle ratio and the efficiency of conversion of reserves to seedlings were also determined. The higher the concentration of glyphosate, the lower the percentage of normal seedlings and the shorter seedling length, mainly in the herbicide-sensitive cultivars. The 'TMG 1264RR' glyphosate-tolerant genotype mobilized more reserves and was more efficient in converting biomass into seedlings. Herbicide application reduced the average length of the seedlings and caused the roots to become shorter than the hypocotyls. During germination, the herbicide changes seedling morphology since the seedling hypocotyl becomes proportionally larger than the radicle. Although, when applied, glyphosate altered the length, weight, and reserve mobilization of the four evaluated genotypes, the most affected were 'Emgopa 315' and 'UFUS 7415', the glyphosate-sensitive ones.Maternal effect on thermotolerance in lettuce seeds10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.032982023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZCavasin, Pedro YuriGomes, Luiz Antônio AugustoPereira, Wilson Vicente SouzaSantos, Heloisa Oliveira dos
<em>Cavasin, Pedro Yuri</em>;
<em>Gomes, Luiz Antônio Augusto</em>;
<em>Pereira, Wilson Vicente Souza</em>;
<em>Santos, Heloisa Oliveira Dos</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the occurrence of the maternal effect on thermotolerance in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seeds, as well as to find an enzymatic marker for this trait in lettuce seedlings. Seeds from the Everglades thermotolerant cultivar, the Verônica susceptible cultivar, and their reciprocal hybrids were used. For each cultivar and reciprocal hybrid, germination percentage and vigor (germination speed index) tests were carried out at 20 and 32°C. Thermotolerance was defined as the capacity to germinate at 32°C. To obtain markers that could be associated with thermotolerance, enzymatic tests were performed. The bands of the electrophoretic enzymatic extracts were quantified using the ImageJ software. The hybrids behaved similarly to their female genitors. When cultivar Verônica was the female genitor, hybrid seeds did not germinate at high temperatures and showed a lower expression of the esterase enzyme. However, when the female genitor was the Everglades cultivar, hybrids showed a high germination at high temperatures and a greater esterase expression. Therefore, there is a maternal effect on tolerance to thermoinhibition in lettuce seeds, and the esterase enzyme can be used as a selective marker to identify homozygous progenies for this trait.Packaging of soybean seeds stored in different environments10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.034272023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZPadia, Claudir LariCoradi, Paulo CarteriJaques, Lanes Beatriz AcostaSouza, Guilherme Abreu Coelho deSteinhaus, Jonatas IbagéCarneiro, Letícia de OliveiraMüller, Amanda
<em>Padia, Claudir Lari</em>;
<em>Coradi, Paulo Carteri</em>;
<em>Jaques, Lanes Beatriz Acosta</em>;
<em>Souza, Guilherme Abreu Coelho De</em>;
<em>Steinhaus, Jonatas Ibagé</em>;
<em>Carneiro, Letícia De Oliveira</em>;
<em>Müller, Amanda</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate packaging for preserving the quality of soybean (Glycine max) seeds stored in different environments. The experiment design was completely randomized, in a factorial arrangment with six seed storage conditions: natural atmosphere (NA), laminated packaging atmosphere (LPA), modified atmosphere in polyethylene packaging (MAPP), refrigerated atmosphere in raffia packaging (RARP), refrigerated atmosphere in laminated packaging (RALP), and modified and refrigerated atmosphere in polyethylene packaging (MRAPP), with four storage times (zero, two, four, and six months). Storage time reduces the quality of soybean seeds after two months in all tested packaging. The germination of the soybean seeds was maintained in the following packaging: LPA, RARP, RALP, and MRAPP. LPA is the most efficient packaging for soybean seeds, which show the highest percentage of germination for the longest storage time, without requiring any modification or refrigeration of the atmospheric storage environment.Reproductive performance of hair sheep under different body conditions and feeding levels10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.030922023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZGonzález-Maldonado, JuanTejeda-Sartorius, OlgaRamírez-Ramírez, Anayansi IvetteGallegos-Sánchez, Jaime
<em>González-Maldonado, Juan</em>;
<em>Tejeda-Sartorius, Olga</em>;
<em>Ramírez-Ramírez, Anayansi Ivette</em>;
<em>Gallegos-Sánchez, Jaime</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the interaction between feeding level (FL) and body condition score (BCS) on the reproductive parameters of Pelibuey hair sheep (Ovis aries). The experimental units (64 ewes) were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: low feeding level and low body condition score; high feeding level and low body condition score; low feeding level and high body condition score; and high feeding level and high body condition score. The effect of sheep body condition score was significant on the pregnancy and lambing rates. The effect of feeding level was significant on the ovulation, estrus returning, pregnancy, and prolificacy rates. The interaction effect between BCS and FL was significant on the ovulation, estrus returning, pregnancy, lambing, and prolificacy rates. The reproductive function is more sensitive to the better nutrition effects in sheep with a low body condition score.Separation and quantification of milk proteins with the addition of cheese whey by lab-on-a-chip10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.030992023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZSantos, Alessa Siqueira de Oliveira dosPereira, Hyago PasseFogaça, Gisele NogueiraMeurer, Vaneida MariaFurtado, Marco Antônio MoreiraBorges, Cristiano Amâncio VieiraWeller, Mayara Morena Del Cambre AmaralMartins, Marta Fonseca
<em>Santos, Alessa Siqueira De Oliveira Dos</em>;
<em>Pereira, Hyago Passe</em>;
<em>Fogaça, Gisele Nogueira</em>;
<em>Meurer, Vaneida Maria</em>;
<em>Furtado, Marco Antônio Moreira</em>;
<em>Borges, Cristiano Amâncio Vieira</em>;
<em>Weller, Mayara Morena Del Cambre Amaral</em>;
<em>Martins, Marta Fonseca</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate microfluidic chip electrophoresis, known as lab-on-a-chip technique, for the detection of milk adulteration using cheese whey in comparison with SDS-PAGE. Raw, pasteurized, processed at an ultra-high temperature (UHT), and powdered milk samples received increasing concentrations of cheese whey (0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, and 100% v/v), and were subjected to lab-on-a-chip electrophoresis and SDS-PAGE to detect their mixtures. The lab-on-a-chip methodology was able to separate and quantify milk proteins. In addition, the tested technique is easy, rapid, sensitive, and can detect the addition of cheese whey in milk from the lowest level tested (1%) for milk proteins α-casein and β-casein.Biosecurity assessment of commercial pig farms in Santa Catarina, Brazil10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.027072023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZMarco, Martin deMiele, MarceloLopes, Letícia dos SantosCosta, Paulo Mafra de AlmeidaJacob, Jefferson de SantanaZanella, Janice Reis Ciacci
<em>Marco, Martin De</em>;
<em>Miele, Marcelo</em>;
<em>Lopes, Letícia Dos Santos</em>;
<em>Costa, Paulo Mafra De Almeida</em>;
<em>Jacob, Jefferson De Santana</em>;
<em>Zanella, Janice Reis Ciacci</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to develop an index of adequacy to minimum biosecurity conditions (IAB) to express the external biosecurity level of pig farms in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Pig farms of producers registered in the database of Companhia Integrada de Desenvolvimento Agrícola de Santa Catarina were sampled through an online questionnaire, with 76 questions on farm identification, production system, relationship with the agroindustry, herd size, and external biosecurity. One hundred questionnaires were answered by the farmers, showing the existence, partial existence, or absence of biosecurity practices, with scores of 1.0, 0.5, and 0.0, respectively, used to calculate the IAB of each farm. The farrow to weaning farms were grouped into three categories of production units (farrow to finishing, farrow to rearing, or farrow to weaning) and two of relationships with the production chain (integrated or independent). The investments necessary to achieve the ideal biosecurity practices were estimated. The farms with a low IAB (< 40%) represented 33% of the total, and the remaining 67% of the farms were classified with a medium or high index, evidencing a good external biosecurity. The IAB can be used to measure the biosecurity of pig farms and, based on their classification, to support the design of intervention plans.Puberty and parturition on the antral follicle count of female Nelore beef cattle10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.031402023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZPfeifer, Luiz Francisco MachadoOliveira Júnior, Jair Sábio deSeneda, Marcelo MarcondesCamargo, Higor Souza deMorotti, FábioAndrade, Evelyn RabeloMoreira, Elizângela MirianAndrade, Jéssica SouzaSilva, George Moreira daPorto, Marlos OliveiraCavali, Jucilene
<em>Pfeifer, Luiz Francisco Machado</em>;
<em>Oliveira Júnior, Jair Sábio De</em>;
<em>Seneda, Marcelo Marcondes</em>;
<em>Camargo, Higor Souza De</em>;
<em>Morotti, Fábio</em>;
<em>Andrade, Evelyn Rabelo</em>;
<em>Moreira, Elizângela Mirian</em>;
<em>Andrade, Jéssica Souza</em>;
<em>Silva, George Moreira Da</em>;
<em>Porto, Marlos Oliveira</em>;
<em>Cavali, Jucilene</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to investigate whether puberty and parturition alter the antral follicle count (AFC) in female Nelore (Bos indicus) beef cattle. Two experiments were carried out to compare AFC between the prepubertal and pubertal periods and between the prepubertal and postpartum periods. AFC and follicle concentrations did not differ between the prepubertal and pubertal periods. However, the ovarian area increased after puberty. In addition, AFC and the ovarian area were greater in the postpartum than in the prepubertal period. Therefore, AFC is not affected by the puberty of Nelore heifers, but increases significantly when the prepubertal heifers become cows.Dietary effects of cottonseed and vitamin E on greenhouse gas emissions from cattle feces analyzed in biodigesters10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.030372023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZNogueira, Ricardo Galbiatti SandovalPerna Junior, FlavioTseu, Ramos JorgeRodrigues, Paulo Henrique Mazza
<em>Nogueira, Ricardo Galbiatti Sandoval</em>;
<em>Perna Junior, Flavio</em>;
<em>Tseu, Ramos Jorge</em>;
<em>Rodrigues, Paulo Henrique Mazza</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of diets with cottonseed and vitamin E on the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of cattle feces analyzed in biodigesters. Animal feces were evaluated in 18 laboratory-scale anaerobic digesters through the following treatments: control, feces from cows fed with a control diet; CS, feces from cows fed with a cottonseed diet; and CSVitE, feces from cows fed with a cottonseed and vitamin E diet. The production of biogas and GHG was measured, and no differences were observed for the emissions of biogas, methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). The partition of the gross energy of the anaerobic digestion process was similar among treatments. On average, 28% of gross energy fed was released as CH4, 47% during digestion, and 25% as other gases and heat. The addition of cottonseeds to the cattle diet increases the concentration of CH4 and reduces that of CO2, but it does not affect the total production of CH4, CO2, and N2O in the biodigesters. The inclusion of vitamin E in the diet has no effect on GHG production in the biodigesters.Meta-analysis of meat quality of cattle slaughtered with different subcutaneous fat thicknesses10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.031102023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZPacheco, Rangel FernandesMachado, Diego SoaresRestle, JoãoSartori, Dayana Bernardi SarziCosta, Pablo TavaresVaz, Ricardo Zambarda
<em>Pacheco, Rangel Fernandes</em>;
<em>Machado, Diego Soares</em>;
<em>Restle, João</em>;
<em>Sartori, Dayana Bernardi Sarzi</em>;
<em>Costa, Pablo Tavares</em>;
<em>Vaz, Ricardo Zambarda</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate, through meta-analysis, the impact of subcutaneous fat thickness on beef qualitative traits. Combined data from 13 studies were used, comprising 245 carcasses of male bovines slaughtered in Brazil. Effect size for all parameters was calculated as mean difference or standardized mean difference, at 95% probability. The meta-analysis of random and fixed effects was carried out when I2>50% and I2<50%, respectively, for each indicator separately, with means for fat thickness, classified in the “control” (3–6 mm), “low” (<3 mm), and “high” (>6 mm) groups. Carcasses in the “high” group showed greater intramuscular fat deposition, whereas those in the “low” group presented an intramuscular fat deposition similar to that of the control. When the fat thickness was below the recommended threshold of 3 mm, shear force increased. Subcutaneous fat thickness values greater than 6 mm induced a positive change in the perception of tenderness by the panel of evaluators. Beef carcasses with a subcutaneous fat thickness over 6 mm tend to accumulate more intramuscular fat content and are tenderer for consumers’ acceptance. Carcasses with a fat thickness less than 3 mm produce tougher meat.Pre-and postpartum supplementation strategies on the performance and metabolic status of grazing beef cows10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.031022023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZMoreno, Deilen SoteloOrtega, Román MazaPaulino, Mário FonsecaRennó, Luciana NavajasDetmann, Edenio
<em>Moreno, Deilen Sotelo</em>;
<em>Ortega, Román Maza</em>;
<em>Paulino, Mário Fonseca</em>;
<em>Rennó, Luciana Navajas</em>;
<em>Detmann, Edenio</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of energy-protein supplementation in preand postpartum periods on the productive and metabolic responses of grazing beef cows on tropical pasture. A group of 48 multiparous Nellore cows, with an initial gestation period of 6.4 months, body weight (BW) of 514.9 kg, and body condition score (BCS) of 5.4, was distributed in a completely randomized design, in a 2×2 factorial arrangement. The evaluated treatments were: UNS-UNS, unsupplemented during prepartum and postpartum; UNS-SUP, unsupplemented during prepartum and supplemented during postpartum; SUP-UNS, supplemented during prepartum and unsupplemented during postpartum; and SUP-SUP, supplemented during preand postpartum. The energy-protein supplement was offered at an amount of 1.5 kg per animal per day. Prepartum supplementation increased average daily gain and BCS at calving. Prepartum supplementation reduced non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and increased serum concentrations of total proteins and globulins during postpartum. Postpartum supplementation increased the BCS of cows and BW of calves at the end of the experiment. Postpartum supplementation increased blood concentrations of progesterone, while NEFA decreased. Supplementation with 1.5 kg per day of the energy-protein supplement during the last 84 days of gestation improves productive performance and metabolic status during the preand postpartum periods of grazing cows.Degradability of the dry matter and crude protein of fruits of <i>Chloroleucon mangense</i> and <i>Acacia cochliacantha</i> in sheep10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.030262023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZSosa-Pérez, GustavoLópez-Ortiz, SilviaPérez-Hernández, PoncianoVaquera-Huerta, HumbertoGalván, María Magdalena CrosbyGallegos-Sánchez, Jaime
<em>Sosa-Pérez, Gustavo</em>;
<em>López-Ortiz, Silvia</em>;
<em>Pérez-Hernández, Ponciano</em>;
<em>Vaquera-Huerta, Humberto</em>;
<em>Galván, María Magdalena Crosby</em>;
<em>Gallegos-Sánchez, Jaime</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to determine the nutritional content and the degradability of the dry matter and protein of fruits of Chloroleucon mangense and Acacia cochliacantha and of a 1:1 mixture of both, offered as supplements to Rambouillet sheep. In situ ruminal degradation was evaluated in three adult rams, fitted with a rumen cannula, with different incubation times of 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Protein intestinal degradability was quantified with a three-step procedure: in situ ruminal incubation, in vitro enzymatic digestion, and abomasal-intestinal digestion. The fruits of C. mangense and A. cochliacantha contain 21 and 12% crude protein, 47 and 56% neutral detergent fiber, 31 and 43% acid detergent fiber, and 0.9 and 6.0% condensed tannins, respectively. The fruits of C. mangense showed a higher nutritional value and a higher dry matter and crude protein degradability (p<0.05) than those of A. cochliacantha and the 1:1 mixture. The amount of protein that reaches the small intestine is higher for the 1:1, which is an indicative that its tannin concentration is enough to increase the bypass protein that can be absorbed in the small intestine.Zootechnical performance of Dorper x Santa Inês lambs raised in different production systems10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.031532023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZSilva, Daniel Gonçalves daCosta, Olmar Antônio DenardinFluck, Ana CarolinaMenezes, Bruna Martins deBaungratz, Andressa RadtkeMacedo, Vicente de Paulo
<em>Silva, Daniel Gonçalves Da</em>;
<em>Costa, Olmar Antônio Denardin</em>;
<em>Fluck, Ana Carolina</em>;
<em>Menezes, Bruna Martins De</em>;
<em>Baungratz, Andressa Radtke</em>;
<em>Macedo, Vicente De Paulo</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to compare the zootechnical performance of Dorper x Santa Inês crossbred lambs finished in grazing systems on Megathyrsus maximus Aruana cultivar pasture, with and without shading, and in a feedlot. Twenty-four non-castrated lambs were used in a completely randomized experimental design, with the three following treatments with eight replicates each: 'Aruana' pasture without shading + supplement; 'Aruana' pasture with shading + supplement; and feedlot, with diet containing ryegrass hay and concentrate at a 20:80 ratio. The treatments did not influence lamb age at slaughter, birth weight, leg compactness, true yield, and main cut yield, except that of breast tip + flank that was lower for the pasture with shading. However, average daily gain, body condition score, live weight at slaughter, carcass compactness index, cold carcass and empty body weights, and cold carcass yield differed between treatments, showing higher values in the feedlot. Termination in the feedlot increases the zootechnical performance of Dorper x Santa Inês sheep and favors a lower age at slaughter, as well as a greater weight of the main commercial cuts, but not their yield.Antimicrobial activity of products based on potassium monopersulfate on bacteria associated with avian infections10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.031272023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZMoraes, Miguel AugustoOliveira-Silva, MarianaGoulart, Rafael SilvaGabarra, Manoel Henrique CintraMiranda, Carlos Eduardo SaraivaAlmeida, Paulo Garcia dePitondo-Silva, André
<em>Moraes, Miguel Augusto</em>;
<em>Oliveira-Silva, Mariana</em>;
<em>Goulart, Rafael Silva</em>;
<em>Gabarra, Manoel Henrique Cintra</em>;
<em>Miranda, Carlos Eduardo Saraiva</em>;
<em>Almeida, Paulo Garcia De</em>;
<em>Pitondo-Silva, André</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of four new potassium monopersulfate-based products on bacterial biofilms associated with avian infections, in order to disinfect drinking fountains in poultry farms. Initially, tests were performed in planktonic bacterial cells, to verify the antimicrobial activity and the minimum inhibitory concentration of the products, named PA, PB, PC, and PD. These products were tested on mature biofilms of the avian pathogens Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis, and Listeria monocytogenes, grown on specimens preserved in acrylic blocks, by counting colony-forming units, scanning electron microscopy, and confocal fluorescence microscopy. All products were effective against the evaluated bacterial species. The PA and PB products inhibited the bacterial growth at ≤ 0.13% concentrations, and PC and PD showed the same effect at ≤ 0.25% concentrations. Furthermore, the PA product was able to eliminate mature biofilms of S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis and L. monocytogenes. The evaluated monopersulfate-based products, notably PA, are effective against bacterial biofilms associated with avian infections and show potential as sanitizers and disinfectants for drinking fountains in poultry farms.Supplementation with lipid sources in diets for Jersey cows in the first third of lactation10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.031492023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZSouza, Ana Paula Binato deSchafhauser Junior, JorgeScheibler, Rudolf BrandFluck, Ana CarolinaRizzo, Fábio AntunesNörnberg, José LaerteVargas, Diego Prado deLourenço, Lívia Argoud
<em>Souza, Ana Paula Binato De</em>;
<em>Schafhauser Junior, Jorge</em>;
<em>Scheibler, Rudolf Brand</em>;
<em>Fluck, Ana Carolina</em>;
<em>Rizzo, Fábio Antunes</em>;
<em>Nörnberg, José Laerte</em>;
<em>Vargas, Diego Prado De</em>;
<em>Lourenço, Lívia Argoud</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the addition of whole-crude oilseeds of linseed, sunflower, and soybean to the diet of Jersey cows, in the first third of lactation, on the following characteristics: intake, apparent nutrient digestibility, milk production and its variables, energy-corrected milk, feed efficiency, energy balance, milk fatty acid profile, and blood metabolic profile. Eight multiparous Jersey cows were used in a double Latin square design. The treatments were the experimental diets with the oilseeds, and calcium salts of fatty acids were used as the control. Protein digestibility was lower for soybean, whereas that of ether extract was higher in the control, not differing between the evaluated oilseeds. There was no difference between oilseeds for milk production, milk production corrected for fat, milk nutritional content, feed efficiency, energy balance, and blood metabolic profile. The levels of mil k monou n sat u rated fatty acids increased with the use of sunflower. Higher levels of cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in milk were observed in the control. The addition of the evaluated whole-crude oilseeds to the diet of Jersey cows in the first third of lactation does not affect milk production variables, feed efficiency, energy balance, and blood biochemical profile, but alters the fatty acid profile.Herbal choline as an alternative to choline chloride in the diet of nursery piglets10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.032462023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZGodoi, Letícia Lopes deAlves, Laya Kannan SilvaDias, Ana Luísa Neves AlvarengaSilveira, HebertGarbossa, Cesar Augusto Pospissil
<em>Godoi, Letícia Lopes De</em>;
<em>Alves, Laya Kannan Silva</em>;
<em>Dias, Ana Luísa Neves Alvarenga</em>;
<em>Silveira, Hebert</em>;
<em>Garbossa, Cesar Augusto Pospissil</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the replacement of choline chloride supplementation by herbal choline in the diet of nursery piglets. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks (initial weight and sex) with 80 piglets, in five treatments, with eight replicates. The treatments consisted of: negative control, basal diet supplemented with 300 mg kg-1 choline via choline chloride, basal diet supplemented with 600 mg kg-1 choline via choline chloride, basal diet supplemented with 100 mg kg-1 herbal choline, and basal diet supplemented with 200 mg kg-1 herbal choline. Zootechnical performance data, blood parameters, and economic viability were analyzed. Herbal choline supplementation increases the body weight and daily feed intake of nursery piglets. The supplementation with 100 mg kg-1 herbal choline presents the highest return on investment. Herbal choline can be used as a source of choline supplementation in the diet of nursery piglets to replace choline chloride.Additives and storage time for silage of pineapple crop waste10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.032112023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZFreitas, Roberta Santos deGuim, AdrianaMello, Alexandre Carneiro Leão deFerreira, Marcelo de AndradeClemente, João Vitor FernandesSilva, Salmo Olegário Lima daFarias, Lucas Lemos deMedeiros, Rodrigo Barbosa deSilva, Tomás Guilherme Pereira daSilva, Pedro Henrique Ferreira da
<em>Freitas, Roberta Santos De</em>;
<em>Guim, Adriana</em>;
<em>Mello, Alexandre Carneiro Leão De</em>;
<em>Ferreira, Marcelo De Andrade</em>;
<em>Clemente, João Vitor Fernandes</em>;
<em>Silva, Salmo Olegário Lima Da</em>;
<em>Farias, Lucas Lemos De</em>;
<em>Medeiros, Rodrigo Barbosa De</em>;
<em>Silva, Tomás Guilherme Pereira Da</em>;
<em>Silva, Pedro Henrique Ferreira Da</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of additives and storage time on the quality and aerobic deterioration of silages of pineapple crop waste. A completely randomized design was used, in a 3×3 factorial arrangement, with three treatments: pineapple waste silage without additives or with the addition of cornmeal or wheat bran (20% fresh matter) at three storage times (60, 90, and 120 days). After each storage time, losses and aerobic deterioration were quantified, chemical composition was analyzed, and digestibility assays were performed. The storage time of 120 days resulted in higher dry matter losses in all treatments. The additives incremented the dry matter contents of the pineapple-based silages, which went from 182.1 g kg−1 (control silage) to 298.7 and 297.6 g kg−1 (cornmeal and wheat bran, respectively). The control silage with the addition of cornmeal showed the highest dry matter digestibility (739.7 g kg−1) and lowest neutral detergent fiber content (251.9 g kg−1). The production of CO2 started to increase on the first day of air exposure in silages without additives, but only after six days in those with additives. Including cornmeal as an additive in the silage of pineapple crop waste improves its digestibility and reduces its deterioration speed.Different evaluation methods of Canchim cattle temperament10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.033502023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZMarcondes, Cintia RighettiSouza, Vanessa Aparecida Feijó deBugner, Ana Luisa PaçóOliveira, Fábio da RozaMaffei, Walsiara EstanislauRibeiro, Andrea Roberto Bueno
<em>Marcondes, Cintia Righetti</em>;
<em>Souza, Vanessa Aparecida Feijó De</em>;
<em>Bugner, Ana Luisa Paçó</em>;
<em>Oliveira, Fábio Da Roza</em>;
<em>Maffei, Walsiara Estanislau</em>;
<em>Ribeiro, Andrea Roberto Bueno</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the temperament of Canchim calves using different methods, to compare these methods, and to determine the most suitable for commercial use. The temperament of 1,831 calves was evaluated at 15 days after weaning by visually analyzing movement, tension, breathing, vocalizing, and kicking. Measurements were taken at 10 and 20 s after the calf entered the scale. The reactivity score was determined electronically, and flight speed was measured after the calf left the scale. The results of the principal component analysis showed that the first component explained 40.27% of total variation. Positive correlations were found for tension at 10 and 20 s, movement at 10 and 20 s, and reactivity score, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.60 to 0.88. Temperament and reactivity scores presented moderate correlations of 0.25 and 0.35, respectively, with flight speed. However, kicking had no correlation with any variable. No differences were observed for reactivity measured at 10 or 20 s. The visual evaluations of movement and tension or of reactivity through an electronic device can be used for temperament evaluation of Canchim calves.Morphological traits of 'Granada' peach nursery trees from rootstocks of two production systems10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.032252023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZNicolao, GuilhermeMayer, Newton AlexUeno, BernardoBianchi, Valmor João
<em>Nicolao, Guilherme</em>;
<em>Mayer, Newton Alex</em>;
<em>Ueno, Bernardo</em>;
<em>Bianchi, Valmor João</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the use of rootstocks from clonal and seed production systems on the morphology of nursery peach trees of cultivar Granada. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with five treatments ('Granada' scion grafted onto five rootstocks) and five replicates. The rootstocks from clonal production were the 'Okinawa' peach plant and the GKM-ELD-10-70, EF-SAU-10-78, and EF-SAU-10-87 peach genotypes kept in pots. The rootstocks from the seed production system came from peach seed of some scion varieties (mixed pits) used for canning production and propagated in a nursery field system. Shoot and root morphological variables were evaluated. The rootstock production system did not affect root volume. However, the nursery trees of the clonal rootstocks system kept in pots showed a higher percentage of water in the roots. The clonal rootstocks in the potted system do not affect most of the morphological traits of 'Granada' peach nursery trees; however, they induce a homogeneous root system and delay leaf abscission, besides not requiring root pruning.Management of blackberry pruning to extend harvest seasonality10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.031972023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZBarros, Gabriel Laquete dePio, RafaelRibeiro, Carlos Henrique MilagresFazenda, Lucídio Henriques VoteSilva, Alexandre Dias daPeche, Pedro Maranha
<em>Barros, Gabriel Laquete De</em>;
<em>Pio, Rafael</em>;
<em>Ribeiro, Carlos Henrique Milagres</em>;
<em>Fazenda, Lucídio Henriques Vote</em>;
<em>Silva, Alexandre Dias Da</em>;
<em>Peche, Pedro Maranha</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the pruning management of the BRS Tupy and Brazos blackberry cultivars, in order to extend their harvest seasonality and fruit yield. The experiment was performed in an altitude subtropical region in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Bushes were grown at 3.0x0.5 m spacing. The treatments consisted of the four following pruning seasons: one conventional pruning, with suppression of the produced stems in February and reduction of the stems in July; and three drastic pruning performed in the first two weeks of January, March, and May, with the application of 10% urea and 3% hydrogenated cyanamide five months later. The experimental design was in randomized complete blocks, in a 2x4 factorial arrangement, with two cultivars and four pruning managements, with four blocks. Fruit phenology, yield, and physicochemical quality were evaluated in two production cycles. It is possible to extend the harvest season of blackberry up to five months, in an altitude subtropical region in Lavras, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, with drastic pruning in January and no irrigation. Drastic pruning in January or March increases the yield of the BRS Tupy and Brazos blackberry cultivars. The extended harvest season does not affect the quality of blackberries and does not create challenges for harvesting operations.Temporal dynamics of <i>Plasmopara viticola</i> as function of bud load increase in 'Sauvignon Blanc'10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.032242023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZWurz, Douglas AndréBrighenti, Alberto FontanellaAllebrandt, RicardoRufato, Leo
<em>Wurz, Douglas André</em>;
<em>Brighenti, Alberto Fontanella</em>;
<em>Allebrandt, Ricardo</em>;
<em>Rufato, Leo</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of increasing bud load per plant on epidemiological variables of downy mildew on 'Sauvignon Blanc'. The study was carried out in a commercial vineyard in a high-altitude region of the municipality of São Joaquim, in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, during the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 vintages. The treatments consisted of four bud loads: 15, 30, 50, and 75 per vine. The maximum incidence, maximum severity, beginning of symptom appearance, time to reach maximum disease incidence and severity, area under the incidence and severity disease progress curve were determined. Increasing bud load over 50 per vine results in higher incidence and severity of downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) in 'Sauvignon Blanc' leaves but does not influence the time to reach maximum disease incidence and severity. Increasing bud load over 50 per vine results in an increase in the area under the disease incidence and severity progress curve for downy mildew in 'Sauvignon Blanc' leaves. To adopt over 50 buds per vine treatment, it is necessary additional disease control measures, with an emphasis on integrated management to control downy mildew.Genetic diversity, yield, and fruit quality of persimmon in the tropics10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.032422023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZPeche, Pedro MaranhaPio, RafaelBadenes, María LuisaNaval, MarGil-Muñoz, FranciscoBianchini, Flávio GabrielLocatelli, GuilhermeFarias, Daniela da Hora
<em>Peche, Pedro Maranha</em>;
<em>Pio, Rafael</em>;
<em>Badenes, María Luisa</em>;
<em>Naval, Mar</em>;
<em>Gil-Muñoz, Francisco</em>;
<em>Bianchini, Flávio Gabriel</em>;
<em>Locatelli, Guilherme</em>;
<em>Farias, Daniela Da Hora</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to determine the genetic diversity, yield, and fruit quality of persimmon genotypes grown in the tropics, in order to select promising genetic materials. DNA extraction was performed on young leaves of 19 persimmon genotypes. For pomological characterization, 15 genotypes were selected. From each genotype, 50 fruit at the physiological maturity stage were harvested in the morning, in order to determine the following parameters: physicochemical characteristics; and the productive variables number of fruit per plant, average fruit fresh mass, average yield, and estimated average yield in two seasons. Twenty SSR markers were tested, out of which 12 were selected to evaluate genetic similarity, which allowed of the identification of distinct groups. The mean genetic diversity value found was 0.41, which is an indicative of low diversity among the analyzed persimmon genotypes. The 'Guiombo', 'Iapar 125', 'Kakimel', 'Mikado RJ', 'Rama Forte Tardio', and 'Taubaté' genotypes show a high yield. The genotypes classified as pollination-constant astringent ('Pomelo', 'Regina', 'Rubi', and 'Taubaté') and those classified as pollination-variant astringent ('Rama Forte', 'Guiombo', and 'Cereja') are potential materials for selection and genetic breeding programs due to their excellent fruit physicochemical characteristics. The investigation through molecular markers is an efficient approach to study the genetic diversity of persimmon genotypes grown in the tropics.Agronomic performance of 'Sauvignon Blanc' grapevine with different bud loads, in an altitude region of Brazil10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.033362023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZWurz, Douglas AndréBrighenti, Alberto FontanellaAllebrandt, RicardoRufato, Leo
<em>Wurz, Douglas André</em>;
<em>Brighenti, Alberto Fontanella</em>;
<em>Allebrandt, Ricardo</em>;
<em>Rufato, Leo</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of an increased bud load on the agronomic performance of 'Sauvignon Blanc' grapevine cultivated in an altitude region of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The experiment was carried out during the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 vintages, in a commercial vineyard, located in the municipality of São Joaquim. The treatments consisted of four levels of bud load: 15, 30, 50, and 75 buds per plant. Productive and vegetative variables, cluster architecture, and technological maturation were evaluated. Data were subjected to the analysis of variance and compared by Tukey’s test, at 5% probability. In both evaluated vintages, leaf area per plant increased with the increase in bud load. Although the load of 75 buds per plant resulted in a greater leaf area, it presented the most adequate vegetative-productive balance indices. The increase in the bud load of 'Sauvignon Blanc' results in an increased yield, improving vegetative-productive balance and maintaining similar cluster architecture and technological maturation levels between the different bud loads per plant.Silicon application for the production and quality of raspberry fruit in a subtropical region10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.033712023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZSilva, Alexandre Dias daPio, RafaelReis, Letícia Alves CarvalhoAfridi, Muhammad SiddiqueSuárez, Natália FerreiraPeche, Pedro MaranhaRibeiro, Carlos Henrique Milagres
<em>Silva, Alexandre Dias Da</em>;
<em>Pio, Rafael</em>;
<em>Reis, Letícia Alves Carvalho</em>;
<em>Afridi, Muhammad Siddique</em>;
<em>Suárez, Natália Ferreira</em>;
<em>Peche, Pedro Maranha</em>;
<em>Ribeiro, Carlos Henrique Milagres</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of silicon (Si) on the cultivation and quality of raspberries (Rubus idaeus). The experiment consisted of seven treatments and four blocks located in a subtropical region. Each plot consisted of three pots with one seedling of 'Batum' raspberry. In each pot, the treatment consisted of Si doses at 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, or 1600 mg dm-3, which were applied to the soil 15 days after the transplanting of the seedlings. Field analyses were performed by measuring chlorophyll a and b, water potential, and production. Fruit were analyzed for color, firmness, respiratory rate, soluble solids, and pH. Fertilization with Si stimulates the increase of fruit number and of the raspberry production per plant. The Si application increases the fruit production and fruit firmness; however, it reduces the water potential and respiration rate.Silicate rock with different granulometry as a potassium source for alfalfa and centrosema crops10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.028062023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZMoreira, AdônisMoraes, Larissa Alexandra CardosoSilva, Sérgio RicardoDelfim, Jorge
<em>Moreira, Adônis</em>;
<em>Moraes, Larissa Alexandra Cardoso</em>;
<em>Silva, Sérgio Ricardo</em>;
<em>Delfim, Jorge</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the application of silicate ultramafic alkaline rock, with different granulometry, as an alternative potassium source on the increase of soil fertility and on the nutritional status and biomass yield of the alfalfa and centrosema crops. The used soil was a Typic Ultisol with 27.4 mg dm-3 K and 733 g kg-1 clay. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 4 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement. The treatments consisted of two granulometries (<0.3 and 0.3-2.0 mm) of alkaline ultramafic rock (4.0% K2O), four K rates (0, 100, 150, and 300 mg kg-1), and an additional treatment with the application of 150 mg kg-1 K in the form of KCl (58% K2O). Both legumes were grown in a greenhouse and subjected to five successive harvests. In comparison with KCl, the application of silicate rock has the potential to increase K uptake and root and shoot dry weight yield in alfalfa and centrosema. Granulometry does not affect rock use efficiency, and alfalfa presents a better K efficiency recovery in the soil after successive harvests compared with centrosema; the inverse is observed for K use and K uptake efficiencies.Management of root-knot nematodes in okra through grafting onto kenaf and false roselle10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.032622023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZSilva, Edgard Henrique CostaFerreira, Rafaela GuioBraz, Leila Trevisan
<em>Silva, Edgard Henrique Costa</em>;
<em>Ferreira, Rafaela Guio</em>;
<em>Braz, Leila Trevisan</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of okra grafted onto Hibiscus spp. in the presence and absence of three root knot nematode species. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4x4 factorial arrangement with ten replicates. The first factor consisted of the following four rootstocks: kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus), false roselle (Hibiscus acetosella), self-grafted, and non-grafted. The second factor was the inoculation of 5,000 eggs and second-stage juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica, and Meloidogyne enterolobii in okra plants, plus an uninoculated control. Vegetative development, agronomic performance, and nematode reproduction were evaluated. The grafting of okra onto Hibiscus spp. in the presence of root-knot nematodes provided a greater plant height, scion length, fresh shoot mass, number of fruits, and yield, when compared with self-grafted and non-grafted plants. The averages of the root-knot nematode reproduction factor were low in the plants grafted onto Hibiscus spp., indicating that grafting in the presence of root-knot nematodes is capable of maintaining okra vegetative development and yield.Evolution of canker severity and stem quality on African mahogany growth10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.033802023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZRibeiro, AndressaSangiogo, MaurícioSousa, Rodolfo Molinário deFerraz Filho, Antonio Carlos
<em>Ribeiro, Andressa</em>;
<em>Sangiogo, Maurício</em>;
<em>Sousa, Rodolfo Molinário De</em>;
<em>Ferraz Filho, Antonio Carlos</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The objective of this work was to investigate the influence of the qualitative traits canker severity and stem quality on the mean annual increment (MAI) in diameter, total height, and stem height of an African mahogany (Khaya grandifoliola) stand. The study area is located in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, where continuous forest inventories were conducted over six years for data collection. Given the nonparametric characteristic of the data, an aligned rank transform analysis of variance was performed for each factor, and the averages were compared by Dunn’s multiple test. There was no significant effect of the interaction between the classes of canker severity and stand age. Increased canker severity has a significant effect on MAI values, causing reductions of 13% in diameter, 11% in total height, and 21% in stem height in trees from the highest canker severity class, when compared with the healthy ones. Age interacts significantly with stem quality, and MAI values tend to be similar in younger trees, differing over time in the oldest ones. In addition, the highest MAI values are recorded in trees with the best stem classification.Counting of shoots of <i>Eucalyptus</i> sp. clones with convolutional neural network10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.033632023-10-31T19:13:33.229000Z2020-08-09T06:48:49.250000ZAraújo Júnior, Carlos AlbertoOliveira, Leandro Silva deEça, Gabriel Augusto
<em>Araújo Júnior, Carlos Alberto</em>;
<em>Oliveira, Leandro Silva De</em>;
<em>Eça, Gabriel Augusto</em>;
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Abstract The objective of this work was to investigate the use of the You Only Look Once (YOLO) convolutional neural network model for the detection and efficient counting of Eucalyptus sp. shoots in stands through aerial photographs captured by unmanned aerial vehicles. For this, the significance of data organization was evaluated during the system-training process. Two datasets were used to train the convolutional neural network: one consisting of images with a single shoot and another with at least ten shoots per image. The results showed high precision and recall rates for both datasets. The convolutional neural network trained with images containing ten shoots per image showed a superior performance when applied to data not used during training. Therefore, the YOLO convolutional neural network can be used for the detection and counting of shoots of Eucalyptus sp. clones from aerial images captured by unmanned aerial vehicles in forest stands. The use of images containing ten shoots is recommended to compose the training dataset for the object detector.