Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterináriahttps://www.scielo.br/journal/rbpv/feed/2023-12-08T21:07:57.215000ZUnknown authorVol. 33 No. 1 - 2024WerkzeugEssential oil of <i>Piper hispidum</i> (Piperaceae) has efficacy against monogeneans, and effects on hematology and gill histology of <i>Colossoma macropomum</i>10.1590/S1984-296120240012023-12-08T21:07:57.215000Z2020-08-09T06:49:09.252000ZAlves, Carliane Maria GuimarãesBaia, Raimundo Rosemiro de JesusFarias, Vitor AraújoFarias, Matheus AraújoSouza, Fernanda Layza Souza deVideira, Marcela NunesChagas, Francisco Célio MaiaYoshioka, Eliane Tie ObaTavares-Dias, Marcos
<em>Alves, Carliane Maria Guimarães</em>;
<em>Baia, Raimundo Rosemiro De Jesus</em>;
<em>Farias, Vitor Araújo</em>;
<em>Farias, Matheus Araújo</em>;
<em>Souza, Fernanda Layza Souza De</em>;
<em>Videira, Marcela Nunes</em>;
<em>Chagas, Francisco Célio Maia</em>;
<em>Yoshioka, Eliane Tie Oba</em>;
<em>Tavares-Dias, Marcos</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract This study investigated for the first time the effectiveness of therapeutic baths with essential oil (EO) of Piper hispidum against monogeneans Anacanthorus spathulatus, Notozothecium janauachensis, Mymarothecium boegeri and Linguadactyloides brinkmanni from the gills of Colossoma macropomum, as well as the hematological and histological effects on this fish. In therapeutic baths, 100 mg/L of P. hispidum essential oil and two control groups (water from the culture tank and water from the culture tank with 70% alcohol) were exposed for 1 h/day, with intervals of 48 hours for 3 days, and three replicates each were used. Therapeutic baths with 100 mg/L of P. hispidum essential oil had an efficacy of 78.6% against monogeneans. The toxicity of this essential oil was low, since there were a few physiological and histopathological changes that did not compromise the functioning of the gills of the fish. Therefore, 100 mg/L of P. hispidum essential oil was effective for controlling monogeneans in C. macropomum, when short therapeutic baths were used without compromising the health of the exposed fish.Bioactive compounds from the parasitic plant <i>Arceuthobium vaginatum</i> inhibit <i>Haemonchus contortus</i> egg hatching10.1590/S1984-296120240042023-12-08T21:07:57.215000Z2020-08-09T06:49:09.252000ZBecerril-Gil, María Mitsi NalleliEstrada-Flores, Julieta GertrudisGonzález-Cortazar, ManasesZamilpa, AlejandroEndara-Agramont, Ángel RolandoMendoza-de Gives, PedroLópez-Arellano, María EugeniaOlmedo-Juárez, Agustín
<em>Becerril-Gil, María Mitsi Nalleli</em>;
<em>Estrada-Flores, Julieta Gertrudis</em>;
<em>González-Cortazar, Manases</em>;
<em>Zamilpa, Alejandro</em>;
<em>Endara-Agramont, Ángel Rolando</em>;
<em>Mendoza-De Gives, Pedro</em>;
<em>López-Arellano, María Eugenia</em>;
<em>Olmedo-Juárez, Agustín</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro ovicidal activity of an ethyl acetate extract from Arceuthobium vaginatum (EtOAc-E) and their subfractions (AvR5-AvR14) against Haemonchus contortus using the egg hatching inhibition (EHI) test. The EtOAc-E and subfractions were tested at 0.12-2.00 and at 0.015-2.0 mg/mL, respectively. Distilled water and methanol (2%) were used as negative controls and Thiabendazole (0.10 mg/mL) as a positive control. Treatments with a dependent effect on concentration were subjected to regression analysis to determine the effective concentrations (EC50 and EC90). The major secondary compounds present in the extract and subfractions were identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The EtOAc-E and AvR9 exhibited the best ovicidal effect recording 97.5 and 100% of EHI at 0.25 mg/mL, respectively. The EtOAc-E and AvR9 displayed an EC50= 0.12 and 0.08 mg/mL, respectively. The HPLC analysis in the EtOAc-E and bioactive fractions indicated the presence of a polyphenol, glycosylated flavanones, quercetin glucoside, cinnamates, coumarin, cinnamic acid derivative, ferulic acid, coumarate, naringenin, protocatechuic acid and naringin. Results demonstrated that A. vaginatum extract and fraction is able to inhibit the egg hatch process of H. contortus and could be a viable option for the control of small ruminant haemonchosis.New insights into a poorly known parasite, <i>Dero lutzi</i> (Oligochaeta: Naididae), associated with tree frogs of the genus <i>Scinax</i>: morphological evaluation and genotypic data10.1590/S1984-296120240052023-12-08T21:07:57.215000Z2020-08-09T06:49:09.252000ZSilva, Isabela Caroline Oliveira daSoares, PriscillaMalta, LennonPaiva, FernandoFerreira, Vanda LúciaOliveira, Carina Elisei deTavares, Luiz Eduardo Roland
<em>Silva, Isabela Caroline Oliveira Da</em>;
<em>Soares, Priscilla</em>;
<em>Malta, Lennon</em>;
<em>Paiva, Fernando</em>;
<em>Ferreira, Vanda Lúcia</em>;
<em>Oliveira, Carina Elisei De</em>;
<em>Tavares, Luiz Eduardo Roland</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The oligochaete Dero lutzi follows a life strategy that alternates between free-living periods in aquatic environments and endoparasitic phases. Most occurrences of D. lutzi in anurans are reported in species with arboreal habits, with studies limited to the recording of the oligochaete’s presence in the host. Our study recovered specimens of D. lutzi from the tree frogs Scinax fuscovarius and Scinax. nasicus. We performed a morphological assessment of the parasite using light microscopy, for the first time, scanning electron microscopy. Molecular characterization of D. lutzi was carried out using the mitochondrial gene 16S rRNA and the nuclear gene 28S rRNA. Additionally, a phylogenetic tree was constructed to assess the species´position in relation to other group members. In our results, we confirmed the phenotypic morphological characteristics of the endoparasitic phase of D. lutzi. We also presented its phylogenetic position with other oligochaetes in the group, demonstrating the proximity between the endoparasite D. lutzi and the free-living oligochaete D. superterrenus.Two new species of <i>Anacanthorus</i> (Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) parasitizing serrasalmid fish in Brazil10.1590/S1984-296120240072023-12-08T21:07:57.215000Z2020-08-09T06:49:09.252000ZSilva, Augusto Leandro de SousaCohen, Simone ChiniczSantos-Clapp, Michelle Daniele dosBrasil-Sato, Marilia CarvalhoCosta, Andréa Pereira daJusto, Marcia Cristina Nascimento
<em>Silva, Augusto Leandro De Sousa</em>;
<em>Cohen, Simone Chinicz</em>;
<em>Santos-Clapp, Michelle Daniele Dos</em>;
<em>Brasil-Sato, Marilia Carvalho</em>;
<em>Costa, Andréa Pereira Da</em>;
<em>Justo, Marcia Cristina Nascimento</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract During studies on fish parasites, two new species of Anacanthorus were found parasitizing serrasalmid fishes, Anacanthorus simpliciphallus sp. n. from the hybrid Piaractus mesopotamicus x Piaractus brachypomus and Anacanthorus brandtii sp. n. from Serrasalmus brandtii. Anacanthorus simpliciphallus sp. n. resembles Anacanthorus reginae in the morphology of the male copulatory organ (MCO) and accessory piece but differs from A. reginae in terms of the smaller size of the accessory piece, which corresponds approximately half the size of the MCO and by the presence of a conspicuous metraterm, with a membranous terminal region. Anacanthorus brandtii sp. n. differs from Anacanthorus scapanus by the expansion of the accessory piece, from Anacanthorus jegui by the ratio MCO (male copulatory organ) /AP (accessory piece) and by the expansion of hook shank, from Anacanthorus sciponophallus and A. reginae by the ratio MCO/AP. Anacanthorus brandtii sp. n. can be distinguished from A. reginae and A. simpliciphallus sp.n. by the size of hooks which is similar in A. reginae and A. simpliciphallus sp. n. and dissimilar in A. brandtii sp. n. The two new species also differ from each other by the expansion of shank.Impact of aluminum phosphide on development of the forensically important fly, <i>Chrysomya albiceps</i> (Diptera: Calliphoridae)10.1590/S1984-296120240062023-12-08T21:07:57.215000Z2020-08-09T06:49:09.252000ZTony, MahranZahra, AbdullahAbdellah, Nora ZeidanAbdelreheem, Abdelbaset Mohamed AhmedAbdel-Samad, Mohammad Reda Kamel
<em>Tony, Mahran</em>;
<em>Zahra, Abdullah</em>;
<em>Abdellah, Nora Zeidan</em>;
<em>Abdelreheem, Abdelbaset Mohamed Ahmed</em>;
<em>Abdel-Samad, Mohammad Reda Kamel</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract Chrysomya albiceps (Calliphoridae) is among the earliest successional fauna on human and animal cadavers. Some immature Calliphoridae can be useful for determination of post-mortem interval. Toxins, particularly pesticides, can affect the rate of insect growth. Aluminum phosphide (AlP) is an affordable insecticide that has not been adequately entomotoxicologically evaluated. So, the impact of AlP on the developmental rate of different stages of C. albiceps was investigated. Larvae of C. albiceps were reared on the rabbit carcasses containing AlP as a treated group, and distilled water as a control group. The substances were administered by a gastric tube. The duration needed for development of C. albiceps stages was documented. Body length, width and weight of larvae were measured after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h from egg hatching. The duration of development increased significantly in the treated group compared to the control group. Larvae body measurements were significantly smaller in the treated group than in the control group. Therefore, it was demonstrated that AlP significantly influences the size of C. albiceps larvae and extends their development. During forensic application, interpretation of C. albiceps data should be used with caution when aluminum phosphide may be the cause of death.Epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in municipalities of Mato Grosso and the performance of surveillance activities: an updated investigation10.1590/S1984-296120240082023-12-08T21:07:57.215000Z2020-08-09T06:49:09.252000ZMenegatti, Jaqueline AparecidaDias, Álvaro Felipe de Lima Ruy
<em>Menegatti, Jaqueline Aparecida</em>;
<em>Dias, Álvaro Felipe De Lima Ruy</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is considered a globally neglected disease. To address the problem of VL endemic to Brazil, the Visceral Leishmaniasis Control Program (VLCP) was created, which recommends the development of health surveillance actions such as the identification of human and canine cases, vector control and prevention of disease. We aimed to investigate the epidemiological situation of VL in municipalities of the State of Mato Grosso (MT) and assess the execution of VLCP activities. Data on human cases were obtained from the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN), and data from entomological and canine inquiry were provided by the State’s Health Department. Analyzes from the period 2019 - 2021 recorded 30 cases of human VL, distributed among 16 municipalities. Vectors were identified in 50% of the municipalities where entomological investigations were carried out, and the predominant specie was Lutzomyia longipalpis. A total of 15,585 dogs were subjected to serological examination, of which 18.91% tested seropositive for Leishmania infantum. However, it must be emphasized that only three municipalities conducted consecutive inquiries involving canine VL. Although VL is distributed widely throughout the State, only a few municipalities have undertaken the actions of the VLCP, thus highlighting the neglected status of the disease.Gastrointestinal parasites of <i>Peltocephalus dumerilianus</i> (Testudines: Podocnemididae) from Jaú National Park, Brazilian Amazon10.1590/S1984-296120240132023-12-08T21:07:57.215000Z2020-08-09T06:49:09.252000ZMenegaldo, Luciana RaffiArias-Pacheco, Carmen AndreaPerin, Patricia ParreiraTebaldi, José HairtonHoppe, Estevam Guilherme Lux
<em>Menegaldo, Luciana Raffi</em>;
<em>Arias-Pacheco, Carmen Andrea</em>;
<em>Perin, Patricia Parreira</em>;
<em>Tebaldi, José Hairton</em>;
<em>Hoppe, Estevam Guilherme Lux</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The big-headed Amazon River turtle, Peltocephalus dumerilianus, is endemic to the Orinoco and Amazon River basins. It is a food source for local communities, often unsustainably. Knowledge about P. dumerilianus’ parasitological fauna and host-parasite relationships is limited. Thus, ecological aspects of gastrointestinal parasitism in this species were investigated. Helminths were found in the gastrointestinal tract of 21 turtles, morphologically identified, and infection descriptors calculated. All animals harbored helminths: nematodes Ancyracanthus pinnatifidus, Paratractis hystrix, Atractis trematophila, Klossinemella conciliatus indeterminate three Klossinemella species, and digeneans Nematophila grandis, Helicotrema spirale, and Telorchis hagmanni. The highest parasite load occurred in the large intestine, followed by the small intestine and stomach. Shell length directly correlated with parasite burden of heteroxenic helminths, with males having higher burden than females. This is the first record of A. trematophila, K. conciliatus, and T. hagmanni in P. dumerilianus, and new location record for A. trematophila, P. hystrix, N. grandis, H. spirale, and T. hagmanni. Three potentially new Klossinemella species are presented.Helminths of Wied’s marmoset (<i>Callithrix kuhlii</i> (Coimbra-Filho, 1985) (Primates: Callitrichidae)) from the Atlantic Forest, Southern Bahia State, Brazil10.1590/S1984-296120240112023-12-08T21:07:57.215000Z2020-08-09T06:49:09.252000ZSoares, Aléxia David SantosSilva, Márcio Borba daFraga, Ricardo EvangelistaHoppe, Estevam Guilherme LuxOliveira, Wilson JuniorSchiavetti, Alexandre
<em>Soares, Aléxia David Santos</em>;
<em>Silva, Márcio Borba Da</em>;
<em>Fraga, Ricardo Evangelista</em>;
<em>Hoppe, Estevam Guilherme Lux</em>;
<em>Oliveira, Wilson Junior</em>;
<em>Schiavetti, Alexandre</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract Callithrix kuhlii is present in forest mosaics, edge habitats, and abandoned fields in the Atlantic Forest. In Bahia and Minas Gerais. This study aimed to identify helminths from C. kuhlii and relate them to the clinical data, weights, and indices of the liver and gonads. Necropsies were performed on 13 adult marmosets that were run over on the BA-001 highway. A principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to describe the relationships between the variables investigated. Fifty-one helminths were collected from 30.77% (4/13) of the marmosets analyzed. Helminths were classified based on their morphological and morphometric characteristics. Primasubulura jacchi (Marcel, 1857), Platynosomum illiciens (Dougherty, 1946), and Prosthenorchis confusus (Dougherty, 1946) were the species identified, with prevalence rates of 7.69%, 7.69%, and 15.38%, respectively. In addition, this is a new host record of P. confusus. The two main axes of the PCA explained a high variability (PCA=67.7%), indicating reduced weight and indices of the organs of parasitized animals. This study expands the knowledge on parasites of C. kuhlii and its vulnerability to parasites, contributing to constructing an epidemiological profile of environmental health.Diversity of Glossinidae (Diptera) species in The Gambia in relation to vegetation10.1590/S1984-296120240102023-12-08T21:07:57.215000Z2020-08-09T06:49:09.252000ZKargbo, AlphaJallow, MamudouVieira, Thallitha Samih Wischral JaymeAmoutchi, Amien IsaacKoua, Herve KoukouaOsman, Aamir MuseVieira, Rafael Felipe da Costa
<em>Kargbo, Alpha</em>;
<em>Jallow, Mamudou</em>;
<em>Vieira, Thallitha Samih Wischral Jayme</em>;
<em>Amoutchi, Amien Isaac</em>;
<em>Koua, Herve Koukoua</em>;
<em>Osman, Aamir Muse</em>;
<em>Vieira, Rafael Felipe Da Costa</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract Glossina species are known to transmit African Trypanosomiasis, one of the most important infectious diseases for both livestock and humans in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize trapped Glossina spp. from The Gambia using morphological and molecular techniques in relation to the vegetation cover types. A line transect survey was carried out in all the administrative regions of The Gambia. Tsetse fly trapping was carried out for 14 days during each season using line transect. A total of 220 Glossina spp. specimens (117 F and 103 M) were captured, and DNA was extracted from the legs of 100 randomly selected Glossina spp. Further, DNA samples were tested by a conventional PCR assay. A total of 135/220 (61%; 95% CI: 54.6-67.8%) and 85/220 (39%; 95% CI: 32.2-45.4%) flies were identified as Glossina morsitans submorsitans and Glossina palpalis gambiensis, respectively, with most caught during wet season (53.6%) and more females (53.2%) than males. Results of the morphological identification agreed with those of molecular identification. The type of vegetation cover significantly influenced the caught of tsetse flies. Animals and humans at the various trapping sites are at risk of being bitten by tsetse flies.Dynamics of <i>ex vivo</i> cytokine transcription during experimental <i>Toxocara canis</i> infection in Balb/c mice10.1590/S1984-296120240172023-12-08T21:07:57.215000Z2020-08-09T06:49:09.252000ZConrad, Neida LuciaZorzi, Vitória Sequeira GonçalvesPinheiro, Natália BerneBorchard, Jéssica LopesMoura, Micaele Quintana deLeite, Fábio Pereira Leivas
<em>Conrad, Neida Lucia</em>;
<em>Zorzi, Vitória Sequeira Gonçalves</em>;
<em>Pinheiro, Natália Berne</em>;
<em>Borchard, Jéssica Lopes</em>;
<em>Moura, Micaele Quintana De</em>;
<em>Leite, Fábio Pereira Leivas</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The cytokine microenvironment is crucial in generating and polarizing the immune response. A means of monitoring this environment would be of great value for better understanding Toxocara canis immune modulation. The aim of this study was to analyze the dynamics of cytokine transcription ex vivo, during early (24-48 hours) and late (15-30 days) times post-infection, in the mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen and intestinal mucosa of Balb/c mice experimentally infected with T. canis larvae. Mice in the treated group were infected with 100 third-stage larvae (L3), whereas mice in the control group were not infected. Analyses were performed at different times: 24-48 hours post-infection (HPI), 15-30 days post-infection (DPI). IL4, IL10, IL12 and Ym1 mRNA transcriptions were analyzed through qPCR. This study showed cytokine transcription mediated by migrating larvae in the mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen at 24-48 HPI, whereas cytokine transcription in the intestinal mucosa was observed only at late times (15-30 DPI). These results suggest that the T. canis larvae migration during infection might play a role in cytokine dynamics. Since the cytokine microenvironment is crucial in modulating immune response, knowledge of cytokine dynamics during T. canis infections pave the way to better understand its interaction with the host.Machine learning prediction of multiple anthelmintic resistance and gastrointestinal nematode control in sheep flocks10.1590/S1984-296120240142023-12-08T21:07:57.215000Z2020-08-09T06:49:09.252000ZNiciura, Simone Cristina MéoSanches, Guilherme Martineli
<em>Niciura, Simone Cristina Méo</em>;
<em>Sanches, Guilherme Martineli</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract The high prevalence of Haemonchus contortus and its anthelmintic resistance have affected sheep production worldwide. Machine learning approaches are able to investigate the complex relationships among the factors involved in resistance. Classification trees were built to predict multidrug resistance from 36 management practices in 27 sheep flocks. Resistance to five anthelmintics was assessed using a fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT), and 20 flocks with FECRT < 80% for four or five anthelmintics were considered resistant. The data were randomly split into training (75%) and test (25%) sets, resampled 1,000 times, and the classification trees were generated for the training data. Of the 1,000 trees, 24 (2.4%) showed 100% accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in predicting a flock as resistant or susceptible for the test data. Forage species was a split common to all 24 trees, and the most frequent trees (12/24) were split by forage species, grazing pasture area, and fecal examination. The farming system, Suffolk sheep breed, and anthelmintic choice criteria were practices highlighted in the other trees. These management practices can be used to predict the anthelmintic resistance status and guide measures for gastrointestinal nematode control in sheep flocks.Detection of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> in artisanal salted meat products sold in street markets of the Ilhéus-Itabuna microregion10.1590/S1984-296120240162023-12-08T21:07:57.215000Z2020-08-09T06:49:09.252000ZBarreto, Luane EtienneMacena, Larissa AraújoBraga, Dhayla Tarine Oliveira deSilva, Nicolli SouzaSilveira, Brunno Cardoso daRocha, Daniele de SantanaAlbuquerque, George Rêgo
<em>Barreto, Luane Etienne</em>;
<em>Macena, Larissa Araújo</em>;
<em>Braga, Dhayla Tarine Oliveira De</em>;
<em>Silva, Nicolli Souza</em>;
<em>Silveira, Brunno Cardoso Da</em>;
<em>Rocha, Daniele De Santana</em>;
<em>Albuquerque, George Rêgo</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract This study aimed to detect Toxoplasma gondii in artisanal salted meat products sold in street markets in the Ilhéus-Itabuna microregion and to assess the salt concentration used in their preparation and its influence on the parasite’s viability. A total of 125 samples of various artisanal meat products sold in street markets located in the Ilhéus-Itabuna microregion were collected during 2021. Serological analysis using indirect hemagglutination (HAI) and molecular analysis (PCR) were performed on these samples to detect the presence of the parasite. Möhr’s method was utilized to determine the sodium chloride concentration in the samples. Of all samples, 21 were subjected to a bioassay in albino mice to verify the viability of possible tissue cysts. Among the 125 meat products, 10 (8%) tested positive in the serological analysis including four cured pork sausages, five beef sun-dried meats, and one mixed fresh sausage (pork and chicken). None of 125 samples tested positive in the molecular analysis. On bioassay, all mice tested negative for the presence of the parasite. The NaCl concentration in the positive samples ranged from 2.9% to 8%. The results demonstrated that the salt concentration in the collected samples was sufficient to inactivate the parasite T. gondii.Detection of anti<i>-Trypanosoma</i> spp. antibodies in cattle from southern Brazil10.1590/S1984-296120240022023-12-08T21:07:57.215000Z2020-08-09T06:49:09.252000ZSamoel, Gisele Vaz AguirreFernandes, Fagner D’ambrosoRoman, Isac JuniorRodrigues, Bibiana TeixeiraMiletti, Luiz ClaudioBräunig, PatríciaGuerra, Renata RojasSangioni, Luís AntônioCargnelutti, Juliana FelipettoVogel, Fernanda Silveira Flores
<em>Samoel, Gisele Vaz Aguirre</em>;
<em>Fernandes, Fagner D’ambroso</em>;
<em>Roman, Isac Junior</em>;
<em>Rodrigues, Bibiana Teixeira</em>;
<em>Miletti, Luiz Claudio</em>;
<em>Bräunig, Patrícia</em>;
<em>Guerra, Renata Rojas</em>;
<em>Sangioni, Luís Antônio</em>;
<em>Cargnelutti, Juliana Felipetto</em>;
<em>Vogel, Fernanda Silveira Flores</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract Bovine trypanosomosis, caused by Trypanosoma vivax, is a disease that originated in Africa and currently affects cattle in several South American countries, including almost all Brazilian states. Despite the reports on T. vivax infection in southern Brazil, data on its circulation status is currently unavailable. In this study, we aimed to detect anti-Trypanosoma spp. IgG antibodies in cattle from Rio Grande do Sul and suggest areas with T. vivax transmission risk. A total of 691 serum samples from cattle in the intermediate regions of Rio Grande do Sul were analyzed using indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). The overall seroprevalence of anti-Trypanosoma antibodies in cattle was 24.6% (170/691). The detection rate ranged from 0-37.3%, with a high prevalence in the intermediate regions of Ijuí (37.3%), Uruguaiana (30.7%), and Passo Fundo (28.9%). Thus, these regions were suggested as possible bovine trypanosomosis risk areas due to the high seroprevalence. This is the first serological study to determine Trypanosoma spp. infection status in cattle from Rio Grande do Sul, providing data on the epidemiology of trypanosomosis in the state.Noteworthy records of the ticks <i>Ornithodoros rostratus</i> and <i>Amblyomma sculptum</i> parasitizing <i>Pteronura brasiliensis</i> in the central-western region of Brazil, with pathogen investigation notes10.1590/S1984-296120240032023-12-08T21:07:57.215000Z2020-08-09T06:49:09.252000ZBarros-Battesti, Darci MoraesAndré, Marcos RogérioHoppe, Estevam Guilherme LuxSanches, Gustavo SeronBassini-Silva, RicardoCalchi, Ana ClaúdiaAndrade, Lívia OliveiraPerin, Patrícia ParreiraMartins, Thiago FernandesCastro-Santiago, Ana CarolinaLeuchtenberger, CarolineAlmeida, SamaraFoerster, NathalieFurtado, Marianade Castro Jacinavicius, Fernando
<em>Barros-Battesti, Darci Moraes</em>;
<em>André, Marcos Rogério</em>;
<em>Hoppe, Estevam Guilherme Lux</em>;
<em>Sanches, Gustavo Seron</em>;
<em>Bassini-Silva, Ricardo</em>;
<em>Calchi, Ana Claúdia</em>;
<em>Andrade, Lívia Oliveira</em>;
<em>Perin, Patrícia Parreira</em>;
<em>Martins, Thiago Fernandes</em>;
<em>Castro-Santiago, Ana Carolina</em>;
<em>Leuchtenberger, Caroline</em>;
<em>Almeida, Samara</em>;
<em>Foerster, Nathalie</em>;
<em>Furtado, Mariana</em>;
<em>De Castro Jacinavicius, Fernando</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract A male of Pteronura brasiliensis (Carnivora: Mustelidae) was found dead on the banks of the Rio Negro, in the Pantanal wetlands of Mato Grosso do Sul state, Aquidauana municipality. Two ticks found attached to its skin were morphologically identified as a second-instar nymph of Ornithodoros rostratus (Argasidae) and a male of Amblyomma sculptum (Ixodidae). In order to complement the morphological identification, these tick specimens were subjected to DNA extraction, and tested using PCR assays to confirm the molecular identity the specimens. Also, the tick DNA samples were tested and were negative in the PCR assays for all the pathogens tested. We also examined 30 batches, consisting of 174 individuals of O. rostratus deposited in the Acari Collection of the Butantan Institute, and we found material from four Brazilian states, including one batch containing 2 males and 2 females from Aquidauana, of Mato Grosso do Sul state, collected from the soil. This was therefore the first record of O. rostratus parasitizing P. brasiliensis and the first locality record (Aquidauana). Likewise, A. sculptum is commonly found in the Pantanal and is reported here for the second time parasitizing the giant otter, which is a host little studied regarding the ectoparasites.Therapeutic success and failure in using miltefosine to treat dogs naturally infected with <i>Leishmania infantum</i>10.1590/S1984-296120240122023-12-08T21:07:57.215000Z2020-08-09T06:49:09.252000ZGonçalves, GustavoCampos, Monique Paiva deGonçalves, Alessandra SilvaFigueiredo, Fabiano Borges
<em>Gonçalves, Gustavo</em>;
<em>Campos, Monique Paiva De</em>;
<em>Gonçalves, Alessandra Silva</em>;
<em>Figueiredo, Fabiano Borges</em>;
<br/><br/>
Abstract In urban environments, domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) are a major reservoir for the parasite Leishmania infantum. Miltefosine has been used as the standard treatment for canine visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. However, therapeutic failures have been reported. In the present study, two dogs (CG03 and CG06) with a diagnosis of infection by L. infantum underwent two cycles of treatment with miltefosine (Milteforan™ - Virbac®). Analyses showed increases in the parasite load of both CG03 and CG06, even after treatment. The clinical score of CG03 dropped from 1 to 0 (after one round of treatment), such that this dog became asymptomatic. CG06 showed clinical worsening, such that its score increased from 1 to 2. After the second therapeutic round, the parasite load in CG03 was found to have decreased, but it was still higher than before drug treatment even though this dog was physically asymptomatic. There was no decrease in the parasite load in CG06 and there was clinical worsening. The clinical response of these dogs to the treatment differed, but the parasite load remained high in both cases, which poses a risk to public health, making it essential take measures to prevent the sandfly vector from accessing the dog.Parasitism on domestic cats by <i>Amblyomma auricularium</i> and serological evidence of exposure to <i>Rickettsia amblyommatis</i>10.1590/S1984-296120240152023-12-08T21:07:57.215000Z2020-08-09T06:49:09.252000ZFarias, Ila FerreiraOliveira, Glauber Meneses Barboza deLima, Erisson Victor MacedoLabruna, Marcelo BahiaHorta, Mauricio Claudio
<em>Farias, Ila Ferreira</em>;
<em>Oliveira, Glauber Meneses Barboza De</em>;
<em>Lima, Erisson Victor Macedo</em>;
<em>Labruna, Marcelo Bahia</em>;
<em>Horta, Mauricio Claudio</em>;
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Abstract The domestic cat is not considered a primary host for any specific tick species; however, it can be affected by some Ixodidae species, such as Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato and Amblyomma spp. The study reports parasitism by Amblyomma auricularium and the detection of anti-Rickettsia spp. antibodies in domestic cats from a rural property in the Afrânio municipality, Pernambuco, Brazil. Amblyomma auricularium (24 nymphs, six females, and four males) and Amblyomma sp. (42 larvae) parasitized three cats, and 73 free-living ticks were captured in armadillo burrows: A. auricularium (36 nymphs, six females, five males) and Amblyomma sp. (26 larvae). Blood samples from cats were collected and the obtained plasma were subjected to indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) to detect antibodies against Rickettsia antigens. Thus, anti-Rickettsia spp. antibodies were determined (titers ranging from 128 to 512) and showed a predominant antibody response to Rickettsia amblyommatis or a very closely related genotype. This study reports the first infestation of nymphs and adults of A. auricularium on cats in a new area of occurrence in the semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil and reports for the first time the presence of anti-Ricketsia antibodies in cats in the region, with R. amblyommatis as the probable infectious agent.ERRATUM: Noteworthy records of the ticks <i>Ornithodoros rostratus</i> and <i>Amblyomma sculptum</i> parasitizing <i>Pteronura brasiliensis</i> in the central-western region of Brazil, with pathogen investigation notes10.1590/S1984-296120240092023-12-08T21:07:57.215000Z2020-08-09T06:49:09.252000Z