Metabolic and/or nutritional |
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Diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome/glucose intolerance, insulin neuritis1111. Gibbons CH. Small fiber neuropathies. In: Levin KH, editor. Peripheral nervous system disorders. Riverwoods: Wolters Kluwer Health; 2014. p. 1398-1412.,1717. Gibbons CH, Freeman R. Treatment-induced diabetic neuropathy: a reversible painful autonomic neuropathy. Ann Neurol. 2010 Apr;67(4):534-41. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.21952
https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.21952...
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Chronic renal insufficiency1818. Chao CC, Wu VC, Tan CH, Wang YM, Tseng MT, Wu PC et al. Skin denervation and its clinical significance in late-stage chronic kidney disease. Arch Neurol. 2011 Feb;68(2):200-6. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneurol.2010.372
https://doi.org/10.1001/archneurol.2010....
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Thiamine or B12 deficiency (myeloneuropathy spectrum)1111. Gibbons CH. Small fiber neuropathies. In: Levin KH, editor. Peripheral nervous system disorders. Riverwoods: Wolters Kluwer Health; 2014. p. 1398-1412.,1919. Oliveira GR, Teles BC, Brasil EF, Souza MH, Furtado LE, de Castro-Costa CM et al. Peripheral neuropathy and neurological disorders in an unselected Brazilian population-based cohort of IBD patients. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2008 Mar;14(3):389-95. https://doi.org/10.1002/ibd.20304
https://doi.org/10.1002/ibd.20304...
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Hyper- or hypothyroidism1111. Gibbons CH. Small fiber neuropathies. In: Levin KH, editor. Peripheral nervous system disorders. Riverwoods: Wolters Kluwer Health; 2014. p. 1398-1412.,2020. Ørstavik K, Norheim I, Jørum E. Pain and small-fiber neuropathy in patients with hypothyroidism. Neurology. 2006 Sep;67(5):786-91. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000234035.13779.4a
https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.000023403...
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Hyperlipidemia2121. McManis PG, Windebank AJ, Kiziltan M. Neuropathy associated with hyperlipidemia. Neurology. 1994 Nov;44(11):2185-6. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.44.11.2185
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Infectious |
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Leprosy2222. Nascimento OJ. Leprosy neuropathy: clinical presentations. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2013 Sep;71 9B:661-6. https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-282X20130146
https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-282X2013014...
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HIV2323. Polydefkis M, Yiannoutsos CT, Cohen BA, Hollander H, Schifitto G, Clifford DB et al. Reduced intraepidermal nerve fiber density in HIV-associated sensory neuropathy. Neurology. 2002 Jan;58(1):115-9. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.58.1.115
https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.58.1.115...
, HTLV2424. Nascimento OJ, Marques W Jr. Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)-associated neuropathy. Handb Clin Neurol. 2013;115:531-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-52902-2.00030-8
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-52902...
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Hepatitis C2525. Tembl JI, Ferrer JM, Sevilla MT, Lago A, Mayordomo F, Vilchez JJ. Neurologic complications associated with hepatitis C virus infection. Neurology. 1999 Sep;53(4):861-4. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.53.4.861
https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.53.4.861...
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Chagas disease2626. Nolano M, Provitera V, Manganelli F, Pagano A, Perretti A, Santoro L. Small fiber neuropathy in the chronic phase of Chagas disease: a case report. Clin Auton Res. 2013 Jun;23(3):149-53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10286-013-0189-7
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10286-013-0189-...
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Amyloidosis |
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Systemic2727. Kissel JT, Mendell JR. Neuropathies associated with monoclonal gammopathies. Neuromuscul Disord. 1996 Jan;6(1):3-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-8966(95)00021-6
https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-8966(95)000...
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Familial (familial amyloid polyneuropathy)2828. Conceição I, González-Duarte A, Obici L, Schmidt HH, Simoneau D, Ong ML et al. “Red-flag” symptom clusters in transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy. J Peripher Nerv Syst. 2016 Mar;21(1):5-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/jns.12153
https://doi.org/10.1111/jns.12153...
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Autoimmune |
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Celiac disease1515. Thawani SP, Brannagan TH 3rd, Lebwohl B, Green PH, Ludvigsson JF. Risk of Neuropathy Among 28,232 Patients With Biopsy-Verified Celiac Disease. JAMA Neurol. 2015 Jul;72(7):806-11. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.0475
https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2015....
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Sjögren's disease2929. Indart S, Hugon J, Guillausseau PJ, Gilbert A, Dumurgier J, Paquet C et al. Impact of pain on cognitive functions in primary Sjögren syndrome with small fiber neuropathy: 10 cases and a literature review. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Apr;96(16):e6384. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000006384
https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000006...
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Inflammatory bowel disease1313. Gondim FA, Brannagan TH 3rd, Sander HW, Chin RL, Latov N. Peripheral neuropathy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Brain. 2005 Apr;128(Pt 4):867-79. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awh429
https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awh429...
,1414. Gondim FA, de Oliveira GR, Teles BC, Aquino PS, Brasil EF, Carvalho AM et al. Clinical and Electrodiagnostic Findings in Patients with Peripheral Neuropathy and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2015 Sep;21(9):2123-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/MIB.0000000000000459
https://doi.org/10.1097/MIB.000000000000...
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Systemic lupus erythematosus3030. Gøransson LG, Tjensvoll AB, Herigstad A, Mellgren SI, Omdal R. Small-diameter nerve fiber neuropathy in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arch Neurol. 2006 Mar;63(3):401-4. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.63.3.401
https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.63.3.40...
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Rheumatoid arthritis3131. Gøransson LG, Brun JG, Harboe E, Mellgren SI, Omdal R. Intraepidermal nerve fiber densities in chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Arch Neurol. 2006 Oct;63(10):1410-3. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.63.10.1410
https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.63.10.1...
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Sarcoidosis3232. Bakkers M, Merkies IS, Lauria G, Devigili G, Penza P, Lombardi R et al. Intraepidermal nerve fiber density and its application in sarcoidosis. Neurology. 2009 Oct;73(14):1142-8. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181bacf05
https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181ba...
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Guillain-Barré syndrome variants3333. Makonahalli R, Seneviratne J, Seneviratne U. Acute small fiber neuropathy following Mycoplasma infection: a rare variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis. 2014 Jun;15(4):147-51. https://doi.org/10.1097/CND.0000000000000031
https://doi.org/10.1097/CND.000000000000...
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Drugs |
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Extensive list, chronic metronidazole, statins, anti-TNF inhibitor, bortezomib1111. Gibbons CH. Small fiber neuropathies. In: Levin KH, editor. Peripheral nervous system disorders. Riverwoods: Wolters Kluwer Health; 2014. p. 1398-1412.,3434. Zeng L, Alongkronrusmee D, van Rijn RM. An integrated perspective on diabetic, alcoholic, and drug-induced neuropathy, etiology, and treatment in the US. J Pain Res. 2017 Jan;10:219-28. https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S125987
https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S125987...
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Toxins |
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Thallium, arsenic, alcohol3535. Koike H, Iijima M, Sugiura M, Mori K, Hattori N, Ito H et al. Alcoholic neuropathy is clinicopathologically distinct from thiamine-deficiency neuropathy. Ann Neurol. 2003 Jul;54(1):19-29. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.10550
https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.10550...
,3636. Latov N, Vo ML, Chin RL, Carey BT, Langsdorf JA, Feuer NT. Abnormal Nutritional Factors in Patients Evaluated at a Neuropathy Center. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis. 2016 Jun;17(4):212-4. https://doi.org/10.1097/CND.0000000000000128
https://doi.org/10.1097/CND.000000000000...
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Vaccinations3737. Kafaie J, Kim M, Krause E. Small fiber neuropathy following vaccination. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis. 2016 Sep;18(1):37-40. https://doi.org/10.1097/CND.0000000000000130
https://doi.org/10.1097/CND.000000000000...
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Hereditary forms |
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Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy, Fabry disease, sodium channelopathies, Wilson's disease, Pompe disease, Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome |
Neurodegenerative |
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Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 4242. Cazzato D, Castori M, Lombardi R, Caravello F, Bella ED, Petrucci A et al. Small fiber neuropathy is a common feature of Ehlers-Danlos syndromes. Neurology. 2016 Jul;87(2):155-9. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000002847
https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.000000000000...
,4343. de Araújo DF, de Melo Neto AP, Oliveira ÍS, Brito BS, de Araújo IT, Barros IS et al. Small (autonomic) and large fiber neuropathy in Parkinson disease and parkinsonism. BMC Neurol. 2016 Aug;16(1):139. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-016-0667-3
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-016-0667-...
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Cryptogenic |