UNEMAT Tereza: Morphoagronomic Characteristics of the New Passion Fruit Cultivar for Use as RootstockAbstract:
Brazil is the world’s largest producer of passion fruit but passion fruit productivity can still be improved. Passion fruit neck rot, a disease caused by the soil fungus, Fusarium solani, has made cultivation unfeasible. The objectiveof this study was to evaluate and present the main morphoagronomic characteristics of the new, collar rot-resistant hybrid passion fruit cultivar, UNEMAT Tereza,which was developed by the State University of Mato Grosso (UNEMAT) and is recommended for use as rootstock. The grafted, hybrid plants have oval-shaped, yellow fruits with high TSS (14.97 °Brix) and productive potential (13.46 t. ha-1) compared to control fruits, indicating that the grafting did not affect the production orquality of the fruits.
Index terms
Passiflora spp.; Fusarium solani; Collar rot; Genetic resistance
Resumo:
O Brasil é o maior produtor mundial de maracujá e ainda apresenta possibilidade de expansão de produtividade, a podridão do colo do maracujazeiro, que é uma doença causada por fungos de solo (Fusarium solani) tem inviabilizado o cultivo. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliação das características morfoagronômicas da nova cultivar híbrida de maracujá, UNEMAT Tereza resistente à podridão do colo, desenvolvida pela Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso - UNEMAT, e recomendada para uso como porta-enxerto. UNEMAT Terezaé um híbrido resistente à podridão do colo, estéril, e por isso recomendada para porta-enxerto. Plantas enxertadas possuem frutos amarelos ovais, com alto TSS (14,97 °Brix) e potencial produtivo (13,46 t. ha-1), comparadoà testemunha,comprovando que a enxertia não afetou a produção e a qualidade dos frutos.
Termos para indexação
Passifora spp.; Fusarium solani; Podridão do colo; Resistência Genética
Introduction
The genus Passiflora exhibits wide genetic variability and comprises approximately 561 described and accepted species according to the World Flora Online (WFO) (2023). Some wild species, such as Passiflora quadrangularis L., exhibit high genetic resistance to collar rot (PREISIGKE et al., 2015). However, in Brazil, 90% of commercial passion fruit crops belong to the species Passiflora edulis Sims, popularly known as sour passion fruit (VIANA et al., 2016). In recent years, the lifespan and economic viability of orchards of P. edulis Sims have been declining, dropping from 922,334 tonnes (t) produced in 2010 to 711,278 t produced in 2023 in Brazil, with the state of Bahia being the largest producer and Mato Grosso occupying the 15th position (4,877 t) in the ranking (IBGE, 2023).
One of the possible causes for this reduction is damage caused by phytopathogens, especially those that attack the root system, such as fungi of the genus Fusarium.
Fusarium species have a wide geographic distribution and are responsible for significant losses in various economically important crops (SUMMERELL, 2019). In passion fruit, species of the Fusarium solani complex are causal agents of collar rot disease (FISCHER; RESENDE, 2016), which causes substantial production losses. Infection by this pathogen starts in wounds in the collar or roots and can cause sudden wilting, collapse, and death of the plants at any stage of development (FISCHER; RESENDE, 2016).
Furthermore, there are no chemical pesticides for controlling this disease that are economically viable and environmentally acceptable (CAVICHIOLI et al., 2009).
One way to reduce the effects of collar rot on passion fruit plants is through the use of wild species or resistant hybrids as rootstocks (SANTOS et al., 2016). Various authors have used rootstocks as a control measure in the past (SILVA et al., 2013; MORGADO et al., 2015; LIMA et al., 2017; ESPINAL et al., 2023). However, most studies have been conducted with wild passion fruit species, such as P. gibertii NE Br., P. alata Curtis, P.capsularis L., P. nitida Kunth, P. laurifolia L., P.morifolia Mast., P. quadrangularis L., P. maliformis L., and P. foetida L.
The morphological differences found in wild passion fruit species may lead to low grafting success, decreased productivity, and low plant vigour, among other issues, resulting in their limited use by producers (MORGADO et al., 2015). Due to these limitations, the best option for farmers is to use interspecific hybrids, obtained by crossing resistant wild species with P. edulis, these hybrids contain 50% of the genetic material of P. edulis. Several species have already been described as compatible for crossing with P. edulis, such as P. vitifolia, P.alata, P. cincinnata, P. maliformis (OCAMPO et al., 2016), P. nitida, and P. quadrangularis (MAROSTEGA et al., 2020). Therefore, the use of resistant hybrids may be the best alternative for controlling soil fungi.
The objective of this study was to evaluate and present the main morphoagronomic characteristics of the new collar rot-resistant hybrid passion fruit cultivar UNEMAT Tereza, which was developed by the State University of Mato Grosso (UNEMAT) and is recommended for use as rootstock.
Material and Methods
Plant Material. The UNEMAT Tereza cultivar is an interspecific hybrid (IH) selected for use as a rootstock, described by Marostega et al. (2020), that is resistant to F. solani. The UNEMAT Tereza is registered in the National Cultivar Registry (RNC) of MAPA under number 50273. UNEMAT is responsible for maintaining the genetic material. The cultivar is the result of crossing the species Passiflora edulis Sims (commercial) and the P. quadrangularis accession, belonging to the Active Germplasm Bank of the Plant Breeding Laboratory at UNEMAT, which has high resistance to F.solani (PREISIGKE et al., 2015) (Figure 1).
The purpose of crossing the resistant species with the commercial species was to transfer the resistance gene to F. solani into commercial passion fruit. However, the resulting hybrid is sterile, but because it is resistant to the fungus, it is recommended for use as a rootstock.
Flowchart of the Passion Fruit Breeding Programme for obtaining new cultivars resistant to Fusarium solani.
Cultivation and Use Value Trial. Initially, a grafting test was conducted with the UNEMAT Tereza cultivar. The grafting method used was full cleft grafting. For this purpose, during grafting, the rootstock seedlings were cut back to 10–12 cm from the plant’s base, where a longitudinal cleft of 1–2 cm was made. A scion with two internodes and a wedge-shaped base was inserted into this cleft (Figure 1ab). The stem in this region was protected with plastic tape to keep the canopy and rootstock in firm contact (Figure 1c). The tape was removed fifteen days after grafting (CAVICHIOLI et al., 2011). The seedlings were produced in a protected environment and kept under a shade net with 50% shading.
The Cultivation and Use Value (VCU) trial was conducted at the experimental field of the Plant Breeding Laboratory located at the State University of Mato Grosso – UNEMAT, Jani Vanini Campus in Cáceres, between latitudes 15° 27’ and 17° 37’ South and longitudes 57° 00’ and 58° 48’ West, at an altitude of 118 m, from July 2019 to October 2020.
The soil is classified as a typical eutrophic red–yellow Latosol (ARAÚJO et al., 2022), and the climate is hot and humid tropical with a dry winter (NEVES et al., 2011).
For the experiment, seedlings from cuttings of healthy adult plants of the UNEMAT Tereza cultivar were planted in 128-cell polystyrene trays and kept under a 50% shade net. After 3 months, these seedlings were transplanted into plastic bags (15x25 cm) containing substrate. The seedlings were produced in a protected environment and kept under a 50% shade net. The seedlings were manually irrigated twice a day at 12-hour intervals.
For grafting, the species P. edulis Sims, cultivar BRS Sol do Cerrado (commercial), was used. This cultivar, in addition to having large yellow fruits with a pulp yield of approximately 38% and high productivity, also shows tolerance to foliar diseases such as bacterial blight, anthracnose, and viral diseases. However, it is highly susceptible to soil-borne pathogens such as F. solani (EMBRAPA, 2008). The rootstock seedlings were cut at a height of 10–12 cm from the plant base. At this point, a longitudinal cleft of 1 to 2 cm was made, forming a scion with two internodes, where the wedge-shaped base of the scion was inserted. The stem in this area was wrapped with plastic tape to ensure firm contact between the scion and rootstock, which also provided protection.
This plastic tape was removed fifteen days after grafting (CAVICHIOLI et al., 2011). The seedlings were produced in a protected environment and kept under a 50% shade net.
The VCU field trial was carried out three months after grafting, with a spacing of 1.5 m between plants and 3 m between rows, in a vertical trellis system, using a randomised block design with five blocks and seven plants per plot, totaling 35 UNEMAT Tereza plants grafted with the “BRS Sol do Cerrado” scion and 35 ungrafted BRS Sol do Cerrado commercial plants as controls, resulting in the evaluation of 70 plants in total.
Irrigation was performed twice a day or according to the plant’s needs.
The soil preparation and cultivation practices followed the standard procedures for crops (CARVALHO et al., 2015a), with monthly fertilisation of 25 g of N and 30 g of KCl and biannual fertilisation with 30 g of P2O5 per plant. Sprinkler irrigation was applied twice a day (morning and afternoon).
For the morpho-agronomic evaluation of the grafted plants and controls, 28 descriptors proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Food Supply (MAPA) for passion fruit cultivars (Passiflora edulis) were used (MAPA, 2016a).
The UNEMAT Tereza cultivar does not produce flowers; therefore, only the 10 descriptors related to the vegetative part (branches and leaves) proposed by the MAPA for passion fruit cultivars (Passiflora L. and interspecific hybrids) other than Passiflora edulis Sims, were evaluated (MAPA, 2016b).
This evaluation was conducted in parallel with the VCU trial. All characteristics were assessed on the basis of the first year of cultivation (01/2020 to 10/2020).
Results and Discussion
In total, 98 plants were grafted, and a grafting success rate of 68% was observed.
Roncatto et al. (2011) also used the species P.quadrangularis as rootstock for cultivars of P.edulis and reported a grafting success rate of 58.28%. Therefore, the UNEMAT Tereza cultivar is efficient in the grafting process.
The results of the analysis of variance of the quantitative characteristics analysed (Table 1) revealed a significant effect, according to the F test at 1% probability, for the characteristics of bract length (BL), sepal width (SL), flower diameter (FD), width of coloured rings on corona filaments (CC), and androgynophore length (AL). The total soluble solids content (°Brix) of the fruits was significant at the 5% probability level. The other characteristics were not significant.
According to Hartmann et al. (2011), the choice of rootstock can impact the growth and maturation of plants, affecting production, as well as modifying the physical and chemical properties of fruits. The lack of significance of most quantitative characteristics indicates that the use of the UNEMAT Tereza cultivar as rootstock is promising, as grafted plants maintained their characteristics even after grafting.
An analysis of the results obtained with the Tukey test (p < 0.05) revealed that five of the six significant characteristics are related to flowers (Table 2), and for these, the plants of the commercial cultivar presented higher means than did the grafted plants; however, this difference did not affect production.
Both grafted and control fruits have a predominantly oval shape, yellow skin colour, and light orange pulp colour. The fruits harvested from the grafted plants had an average length of 93.46 mm, an average width of 84.84 mm, and a skin thickness of 5.35 mm (Figure 2). A significant difference between the fruits of the grafted and commercial plants was observed for the total soluble solids content, which was 14.97 °Brix for the grafted plants and 13.21 °Brix for the plants of the control cultivar. Therefore, when the UNEMAT Tereza cultivar was used as rootstock, the fruits presented a higher level of sweetness.
Morphoagronomic descriptors in the evaluation of passion fruit fruits. Length and width of fruits (A) and skin thickness (B) of fruits from grafted plants. Length, width of fruits (C), and skin thickness (D) of fruits from commercial cultivar plants.
No significant differences were observed in the morphological characteristics of the canopy of the grafted plants compared with those of the control plants, indicating that the use of the cultivar as rootstock does not interfere with the expression of the characteristics of the canopy used as a graft. In summary, the choice of rootstock had no effect on the overall appearance of the plants. However, differences were observed between the UNEMAT Tereza plants and the cultivar plants (Table 3).
Morphoagronomic descriptors for passion fruit cultivars (grafted and control plants) and for Passiflora L. cultivars and interspecific hybrids (UNEMAT Tereza).
The plants with the “BRS Sol do Cerrado” canopy have a predominantly light green branch colour, broad leaf blade width (150 to –180 mm), long petiole length (>40 mm), and adjacent nectary position on the leaf blade (Figure 3A, B, and C). In contrast, the UNEMAT Tereza plants have a greenish- purple colour, narrow leaf blade width (80 to –120 mm), medium petiole length (>30 to –40 mm), and distant nectary position from the leaf blade (Figure 3D, E, and F). The UNEMAT Tereza cultivar has a characteristic “predominant leaf blade shape”, with elliptical and entire leaves, similar to the leaves of its parent P. quadrangularis (Figure 3D and 3E). This characteristic is not present in the MAPA descriptors for the P. edulis species.
Morphological characteristic descriptors of the canopy. Leaves of the canopy of the BRS Sol do Cerrado cultivar (A, B, and C); leaves of the UNEMAT Tereza cultivar plants (D and E); detail of the predominant position of the nectaries distant from the leaf blade (F).
Owing to the sterility of UNEMAT Tereza, the evaluation of flower characteristics was carried out for both the grafted and control plants, both with the canopies of the BRS Sol do Cerrado cultivar (Figure 4). Differences were observed only for sepal width: the grafted plants had narrow sepals (<15 mm), and the control plants had medium sepals (15 to –20 mm) (Table 3). However, this difference does not interfere with fruit production.
Morphological descriptors for flower characteristics. Details of flower diameter (A), length and width of the sepal (B), diameter of the corona/fringes (C), and width of the coloured rings on the corona filaments.
A total of 212.02 kg and 1,375 passion fruits were obtained in an area of 157.5 m2 for the plants grafted with the ‘UNEMAT Tereza’ cultivar (13.46 t. ha-1). During the same period, the control cultivar produced 216.83 kg and 1,383 fruits in an area of 157.5 m2 (13.76 t ha-1). Importantly, natural pollination occurred instead of artificial pollination, and according to Krause et al. (2012), the use of artificial pollination significantly increases passion fruit production. The cultivar UNEMAT Tereza is sterile, but because it is resistant to the fungus, it is recommended for use as a rootstock. Therefore, propagation occurs via vegetative clones and is the responsibility of the State University of Mato Grosso - UNEMAT.
Conclusions
The UNEMAT Tereza cultivar stands out for its resistance to collar rot, but owing to its sterility, it is recommended to serve as a rootstock, especially in regions where the disease is prevalent. The use of the cultivar as a rootstock did not affect the physicochemical quality of the fruits. Compared with the commercial reference cultivar ‘BRS Sol do Cerrado’, the use of UNEMAT Tereza as a rootstock does not compromise production.
UNEMAT Tereza has emerged as a valuable alternative for producers who face significant losses due to the manifestation of this disease in their plantations.
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the Foundation for the Support of Research of the State of Mato Grosso - FAPEMAT and the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel – CAPES.
References
-
ARAÚJO, R.; SOUSA, J.B.; LEANDRO, G.R.S. Atributos físicos, químicos e caracterização morfológica de solos na cidade de Cáceres - Mato Grosso. Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física, Recife, v.15, n.6, p.2978-93, 2022. https://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v15.6.p2978-2993
» ttps://doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v15.6.p2978-2993 -
CARVALHO, A.B.; COELHO, V.J.; ARAUJO, K.L.; SIQUEIRA, K.A.; NEVES, S.M.A.S.; SOARES, M.A.; NEVES, L.G. Genetic variability of Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.passiflorae isolates from Pantanal, Amazon and Cerrado biomes of Mato Grosso, Brazil. African Journal of Agricultural Research, Nairobi, v.10, p.4990-7, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR2015.10354
» https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR2015.10354 - CARVALHO, S.L.C.; STENZEL, N.M.C.; AULER, A.M. Maracujá-amarelo: recomendações técnicas para cultivo no Paraná Londrina: IAPAR, 2015a. 54 p. (Boletim Técnico, 83)
-
CAVICHIOLI, J.C.; CORRÊA, L.; CONCEIÇÃO, B.; SANTOS, P.C. Características físicas e químicas de frutos de maracujazeiro-amarelo enxertado em três porta-enxertos. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ,Jaboticabal, v.33, p.905-14, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-29452011000300026
» https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-29452011000300026 -
CAVICHIOLI, J.C.; CORRÊA, L.S.; BOLIANI, A.C.; OLIVEIRA, J.C. Uso de câmara úmida em enxertia hipocotiledonar de maracujazeiro-amarelo sobre três porta-enxertos. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, Jaboticabal, v.31, p.532-8, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-29452009000200030
» https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-29452009000200030 - EMBRAPA - Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária. Híbrido de maracujazeiro-azedo para mesa e indústria Planaltina: Embrapa Cerrados, 2008.
-
ESPINAL, F.; O CAMPO, J.A.; MORILLO, Y.; HURTADO, A. Development of yellow passion fruit seedlings grafted onto four rootstocks of Passiflora species. Acta Agronomica, Palmira, v.72, p.1-26, 2023. https://doi.org/10.15446/acag.v72n3.112525
» https://doi.org/10.15446/acag.v72n3.112525 - FISCHER, I.H.; RESENDE, J.A. Doenças Do Maracujazeiro In: AMORIM, L.; REZENDE, J. A. M.; BERGAMIN FILHO, A.; CAMARGO, L. E. A. Manual de fitopatologia: doenças das plantas cultivadas. Ouro Fino: Agronômia Ceres, 2016. p.535-44.
- HARTMANN, H.T.; KESTER, D.E.; DAVIES JR, F.T.; GENEVE, R.L. Techniques of propagating by cuttings In: Plant propagation: principles and practices. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2011. p.344-414.
-
IBGE - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Produção agrícola. Lavoura permanente (Maracujá) Rio de Janeiro: 2023. Disponível em: https://www.ibge.gov.br/explica/producao-agropecuaria/maracuja/br Acesso em: 12 fev. 2025.
» https://www.ibge.gov.br/explica/producao-agropecuaria/maracuja/br -
KRAUSE, W.; NEVES, L.G.; VIANA, A.P.; ARAÚJO, C.A.T.; FALEIRO, F.G. Produtividade e qualidade de frutos de cultivares de maracujazeiro-amarelo com ou sem polinização artificial. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, Brasília, DF, v.47, p.1737-42, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2012001200009
» https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2012001200009 -
LIMA, L.K.S.; SOARES, T.L.; SOUZA, E.H.; JESUS, O.N.; GIRARDI, E.A. Initial vegetative growth and graft region anatomy of yellow passion fruit on Passiflora spp.rootstocks. Scientia Horticulturae,New York, v.215, p.1-8, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2016.12.001
» https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2016.12.001 -
MAPA- Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Instruções para execução dos ensaios de distinguibilidade, homogeneidade e estabilidade de cultivares de maracujá (Passiflora edulis Sims) Brasília, 2016a. Disponível em: http://www.agricultura.gov.br/assuntos/insumos-agropecuarios/insumosagricolas/protecao-de-cultivar/frutiferas Acesso em: 10 fev. 2025.
» http://www.agricultura.gov.br/assuntos/insumos-agropecuarios/insumosagricolas/protecao-de-cultivar/frutiferas -
MAPA-Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Instruções para execução dos ensaios de distinguibilidade, homogeneidade e estabilidade de cultivares de maracujá (Passiflora L. e híbridos interespecíficos) exceto P. edulis Sims Brasília, 2016b. Disponível em: http://www.agricultura.gov.br/assuntos/insumos-agropecuarios/insumosagricolas/protecao-de-cultivar/frutiferas Acesso em: 12 fev 2024.
» http://www.agricultura.gov.br/assuntos/insumos-agropecuarios/insumosagricolas/protecao-de-cultivar/frutiferas -
MAROSTEGA, T.N.; PREISIGKE, S.C.; CHIMELLO, A.M.; GILIO, T.A.S.; ARAÚJO, K.L.; BARELLI, M.A.A.; LEONARDA, G.N. Genetic resistance to fusariosis and base rot in interspecific F1 progenies of passion fruit (Passiflora spp.) Research, Society and Development, Itabira, v.9, p.1-25, 2020. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i11.10519
» https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i11.10519 -
MORGADO, M.A.D.; BRUCKNER, C.H.; ROSADO, L.D.S.; SANTOS, C.E.M. Desenvolvimento de mudas de maracujazeiro-azedo enxertadas em espécies silvestres de Passiflora. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, Jaboticabal, v.37, p.471-9, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-2945-099/14
» https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-2945-099/14 -
NEVES, L.G.; BRUCKNER, C.H.; CRUZ, C.D.; VIANA, A.P.; BARELLI, M.A.A. Predição de ganhos, com diferentes índices de seleção, para características de frutos do Maracujazeiro-Amarelo. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, Jaboticabal, v.33, p.1322-30, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-29452011000400033
» https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-29452011000400033 -
OCAMPO, J.; ARIAS, J.; URREA, R. Interspecific hybridization between cultivated and wild species of genus Passiflora L. Euphytica, Dordrecht, v.209, p.395-408, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-016-1647-9
» https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-016-1647-9 - PREISIGKE, S.C.; MARTINI, F.V.; ROSSI, A.A.B.; SERAFIM, M.E.; BARELLI, M.A.A.; LUZ, P.B.; ARAÚJO, K.L.; NEVES, L.G. Genetic variability of Passiflora spp.against collar rot disease. Australian Journal of Crop Science, Lismore, v.9, p.69-74, 2015.
-
RONCATTO, G.; BATISTA, B.; SOARES, L.; VALENTE, J.P. Modalidades de enxertia para maracujazeiro: avaliação preliminar nas condições de depressão Cuiabana. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, Jaboticabal, v.33, p.316-20, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-29452011005000022
» https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-29452011005000022 -
SANTOS, C.H.B.; CRUZ NETO, A.J.; SOARES, T.L.; OLIVEIRA, E.J.; JESUS, O.N.; GIRARDI, E.A. Rootstocks and tying materials for hipocotyledonar grafting of yellow passion fruit. Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, v.46, p.3-35, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20140154
» https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20140154 -
SILVA, A.S.; OLIVEIRA, E.J.; HADDAD, F.; LARANJEIRA, F.F.; JESUS, O.N.; OLIVEIRA, S.A.S.; COSTA, M.A.P.C.; FREITAS, J.P.X. Identification of passion fruit genotypes resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.passiflorae Tropical Plant Pathology, Brasília, v.38, p.236–42, 2013. http:// doi.org/10.1590/S1982-56762013005000008
» http:// doi.org/10.1590/S1982-56762013005000008 -
SUMMERELL, B.A. Resolving Fusarium: current status of the genus. Annual Review of Phytopathology, Palo Alto, v.57, p.323-39, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-082718-100204
» https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-082718-100204 -
VIANA, A.P.; GONÇALVES, G.M.; SILVA, M.G.M.; FERREIRA, R.T.; PEREIRA, T.N.S.; PEREIRA, M.G.; AMARAL JUNIOR, A.T.; CARVALHO, G.F. UENF Rio Dourado: a new passion fruit cultivar with high yield potential. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, Londrina, v.16, p.250-3, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-70332016v16n3c38
» https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-70332016v16n3c38 -
WFO - World Flora Online. Plant list. Passiflora L. 2023. Disponível em: https://wfoplantlist.org/plant-list/taxon/wfo-4000028296-2023-06?page=1 Acesso em: 05 ago. 2023.
» https://wfoplantlist.org/plant-list/taxon/wfo-4000028296-2023-06?page=1
Edited by
-
Scientific Editor
Alexandre Pio Viana
-
Associate Editor
Ana Maria Costa
Data citations
IBGE - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Produção agrícola. Lavoura permanente (Maracujá) Rio de Janeiro: 2023. Disponível em: https://www.ibge.gov.br/explica/producao-agropecuaria/maracuja/br Acesso em: 12 fev. 2025.
MAPA- Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Instruções para execução dos ensaios de distinguibilidade, homogeneidade e estabilidade de cultivares de maracujá (Passiflora edulis Sims) Brasília, 2016a. Disponível em: http://www.agricultura.gov.br/assuntos/insumos-agropecuarios/insumosagricolas/protecao-de-cultivar/frutiferas Acesso em: 10 fev. 2025.
MAPA-Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Instruções para execução dos ensaios de distinguibilidade, homogeneidade e estabilidade de cultivares de maracujá (Passiflora L. e híbridos interespecíficos) exceto P. edulis Sims Brasília, 2016b. Disponível em: http://www.agricultura.gov.br/assuntos/insumos-agropecuarios/insumosagricolas/protecao-de-cultivar/frutiferas Acesso em: 12 fev 2024.
WFO - World Flora Online. Plant list. Passiflora L. 2023. Disponível em: https://wfoplantlist.org/plant-list/taxon/wfo-4000028296-2023-06?page=1 Acesso em: 05 ago. 2023.
