Carotenoid extraction using edible vegetable oil: an enriched provitamin A product

Borguini, Renata Galhardo; Pacheco, Sidney; Chávez, Davy William Hidalgo; Couto, Giovana Almeida; Wilhelm, Allan Eduardo; Santiago, Manuela Cristina Pessanha de Araújo; Nascimento, Luzimar da Silva de Mattos do; Jesus, Monalisa Santana Coelho de; Godoy, Ronoel Luiz de Oliveira

doi:10.1590/1678-992X-2019-0332

Renata Galhardo Borguini ^**Corresponding author <renata.borguini@embrapa.br>

Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Av. das Américas, 29501 – 23020-470 – Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9898-0075

Sidney Pacheco

Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Av. das Américas, 29501 – 23020-470 – Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4248-2365

Davy William Hidalgo Chávez

Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro – Depto. de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Rod. BR 465, km 7 – 23890-000 – Seropédica, RJ – Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4319-1962

Giovana Almeida Couto

Universidade do Grande Rio – Depto. de Química, R. Professor José de Souza Herdy, 1160 – 25071-202 – Duque de Caxias, RJ – Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8925-9278

Allan Eduardo Wilhelm

Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Av. das Américas, 29501 – 23020-470 – Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3850-8681

Manuela Cristina Pessanha de Araújo Santiago

Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Av. das Américas, 29501 – 23020-470 – Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4459-2258

Luzimar da Silva de Mattos do Nascimento

Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Av. das Américas, 29501 – 23020-470 – Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9487-0634

Monalisa Santana Coelho de Jesus

Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Av. das Américas, 29501 – 23020-470 – Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5131-9167

Ronoel Luiz de Oliveira Godoy

Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Av. das Américas, 29501 – 23020-470 – Rio de Janeiro, RJ – Brasil.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7506-8240

*Corresponding author <renata.borguini@embrapa.br>

Edited by: Pedro Esteves Duarte Augusto

Authors’ Contributions

Conceptualization: Borguini, R.G.; Godoy, R.L.O.; Pacheco, S. Data acquisition: Wilhelm, A.E.; Nascimento, L.S.M.; Jesus, M.S.C.; Couto, G.A. Data analysis: Chávez, D.W.H. Design of methodology: Borguini, R.G.; Pacheco, S.; Chávez, D.W.H. Writing and editing: Santiago, M.C.P.A.; Borguini, R.G.; Pacheco, S.; Chávez, D.W.H.

Treatment	Extraction parameters		Extraction parameters (coded values)		Efficiency	Carotenoids in oil				Retinol Equivalent in oil *	Oil Recovery
Treatment	Ratio	Time	Ratio (X1)	Time (X2)	Efficiency	Total	Lutein	α-Carotene	β-Carotene	Retinol Equivalent in oil *	Oil Recovery
	%M/V	min			%	------------------------------------------------------------------ µg mL⁻¹ -----------------------------------------------------------------				µg RE mL⁻¹	%
1	15.00	6.50	–1	–1	47.52 ± 0.42 c	63.24 ± 0.56 e	1 ± 0.22 d	21.92 ± 0.04 d	40.33 ± 0.3 d	25.65 ± 0.16 d	80.00
2	15.00	13.50	–1	1	54.1 ± 0.93 bc	71.99 ± 1.23 e	1.58 ± 0.08 cd	24.57 ± 0.42 d	45.85 ± 0.89 d	29.07 ± 0.55 d	85.00
3	55.00	6.50	1	–1	50.26 ± 0.06 bc	245.25 ± 0.27 b	3.04 ± 0.28 b	77.97 ± 0.26 b	164.23 ± 0.27 b	101.61 ± 0.07 b	62.00
4	55.00	13.50	1	1	50.87 ± 0.17 bc	248.26 ± 0.81 b	4.07 ± 0.51 ab	76.13 ± 0.75 b	168.25 ± 1.33 b	103.16 ± 0.48 b	64.00
5	6.70	10.00	–1.414 (-∞)	0	97.07 ± 5.96 a	57.70 ± 3.55 e	1.2 ± 0.13 d	19.32 ± 1.51 d	37.19 ± 1.91 d	23.43 ± 1.33 d	88.00
6	63.33	10.00	1.414 (∞)	0	58.52 ± 0.01 b	328.67 ± 0.06 a	5.28 ± 0.59 a	104.06 ± 0.72 a	219.38 ± 0.21 a	135.7 ± 0.08 a	65.00
7	35.00	5.00	0	–1.414 (-∞)	52.74 ± 0.6 bc	163.76 ± 1.85 d	2.81 ± 0.23 bc	54.31 ± 0.44 c	106.65 ± 1.18 c	66.9 ± 0.7 c	81.00
8	35.00	15.00	0	1.414 (∞)	58.04 ± 1.3 b	180.22 ± 4.04 cd	3.32 ± 0.14 b	56.61 ± 1.47 c	120.3 ± 2.72 c	74.3 ± 1.73 c	81.00
9(C)	35.00	10.00	0	0	58.85 ± 1.97 b	182.75 ± 6.13 cd	3.04 ± 0.5 b	56.08 ± 2.27 c	123.63 ± 4.38 c	75.83 ± 2.76 c	78.00
10 (C)	35.00	10.00	0	0	53.64 ± 0.74 bc	166.57 ± 2.31 cd	3.05 ± 0.05 b	57.94 ± 6.5 c	118 ± 13.41 c	73.48 ± 8.33 c	80.00
11 (C)	35.00	10.00	0	0	55.52 ± 4.13 bc	172.42 ± 12.81 cd	2.88 ± 0.32 bc	56.51 ± 3.97 c	113.03 ± 9.15 c	70.64 ± 5.57 c	80.00

Response variables	Ratio (L) (X₁)	Ratio (Q) (X₁²)	Time (L) (X₂)	Time (Q) (X₂²)	Interaction (X₁.X₂)
Efficiency (%)	0.01792	0.02479	0.187886	0.06106	0.375801
Total Carotenoids	0.000975	0.440916	0.269726	0.168092	0.759194
Lutein	0.000685	0.296159	0.113054	0.069905	0.142351
α-carotene	0.000146	0.518825	0.277433	0.120759	0.14765
β-carotene	0.000885	0.70367	0.194419	0.102397	0.9005
Retinol Equivalent	0.000566	0.654746	0.170564	0.070043	0.75335
Oil Recovery	0.002078	0.026651	0.165325	0.303689	0.323519

	Deterioration parameters for soy oil
		TO5	TO10	AOB	AO5	AO10	POB	PO5	PO10	DOB	DO5	DO10
Zero order (n = 0), the equation is C = Co+kt
Co		174.83	184.36	0.14	0.26	0.25	–4.22	–3.62	2.02	0.38	0.36	0.40
k		–0.277	–0.386	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.200	0.215	0.207	0.002	0.002	0.002
R²		0.88	0.96	0.11	0.56	0.49	0.78	0.78	0.90	0.71	0.74	0.89
First order (n = 1), the equation is $Log (C) = Log (Co) + kt$ ; or $C = Co*Exp (Kt)$
Co		175.56	185.62	0.15	0.26	0.251	1.07	1.30	6.71	0.38	0.36	0.413
k		–0.002	–0.003	–0.001	–0.002	–0.002	0.023	0.022	0.011	0.004	0.005	0.004
R²		0.88	0.95	0.12	0.56	0.511	0.97	0.98	0.85	0.77	0.82	0.86
Second order (n = 2), the equation is $(1/C) = (1/Co) + kt$ ; or $C = 1 / ((1/Co) -kt)$
Co		170.06	185.29	0.15	0.26	–0.01	1.951	3.59	0.11	0.45	0.44	0.41
k		118.11	163.02	–0.010	–0.010	0.210	444.78	390.30	0.106	23662.48	20827.14	9621.43
R²		0.00	0.00	0.12	0.56	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	Deterioration parameters for olive oil
	TAB	TA5	TA10	AAB	AA5	AA10	PAB	PA5	PA10	DAB	DA5	DA10
Zero order (n = 0), the equation is $C = Co+kt$
Co	10.81	157.59	172.30	0.20	0.22	0.21	6.68	6.66	7.52	0.16	0.16	0.16
k	0.016	–0.038	–0.078	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.067	0.055	0.044	0.001	0.001	0.001
R²	0.134	0.18	0.44	0.67	0.73	0.80	0.84	0.90	0.89	0.96	0.96	0.88
First order (n = 1), the equation is $Log (C) = Log (Co) + kt$ ; or $C = Co*Exp (Kt)$
Co	10.90	157.62	172.36	0.20	0.23	0.21	6.98	6.94	7.68	0.16	0.16	0.16
k	0.001	–2e-4	–0.0005	0.0026	0.003	0.004	0.006	0.005	0.004	0.003	0.003	0.003
R²	0.13	0.18	0.44	0.66	0.71	0.80	0.90	0.95	0.93	0.96	0.95	0.90
Second order (n = 2), the equation is $(1/C) = (1/Co) + kt$ ; or $C = 1 / ((1/Co) -kt)$
Co	0.11	159.75	175.88	0.20	0.24	0.22	0.11	0.05	0.11	0.17	0.17	0.17
k	0.105	171.08	83.43	0.010	39063.07	0.012	0.105	0.317	0.105	0.014	0.015	0.0116
R²	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.65	0.78	0.78	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.96	0.93	0.9

d_{i} = {\begin{array}{l} 0 & , & y_{i} < L_{i} \\ {(\frac{y_{i} - L_{i}}{T_{i} - L_{i}})}^{r_{i}} & , & L_{i} \leq y_{i} \leq T_{i} \\ 1 & , & y_{i} > T_{i} \end{array}

[1] *Corresponding author <renata.borguini@embrapa.br>

Brasil

Brasil

Carotenoid extraction using edible vegetable oil: an enriched provitamin A product

ABSTRACT: