Giant basal cell carcinoma

Carcinoma basocelular gigante

Abstracts

O carcinoma basocelular é o tipo mais comum de câncer de pele, mas o carcinoma basocelular gigante vegetante não atinge 0,5% de todos os tipos de carcinomas basocelulares. O Carcinoma Basocelular Gigante, definido como lesão maior que 5 cm no maior diâmetro, é uma forma rara de carcinoma basocelular e comumente ocorre no tronco. Este paciente apresenta um Carcinoma Basocelular Gigante com 180cm² no ombro direito e foi negligente em procurar tratamento. Foi realizado tratamento cirúrgico e nenhum sinal de disseminação ou recorrência local foi detectada após 5 anos.

anormalidades da pele; carcinoma basocelular; neoplasia de células basais; neoplasias cutâneas

CASE REPORT

Giant basal cell carcinoma^*

Carcinoma basocelular gigante

Nilton Nasser^I; Nilton Nasser Filho^II; Bruno Trauczynski Neto^III; Lissandra Melati da Silva^IV

^IPhD in Dermatology - Full Professor at Regional University of Blumenau Foundation (Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau - FURB) - Blumenau (SC), Brazil

^IIPhysician, Resident in Dermatology at the General Polyclinic of Rio de Janeiro (Policlínica Geral do Rio de Janeiro - PGRJ) - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil

^IIIThoracic Surgeon - Member of Santa Isabel Hospital (Hospital Santa Isabel - Blumenau (SC), Brazil

^IVDoctor. Private clinic - Blumenau (SC), Brazil

^{Mailing address}

ABSTRACT

The basal cell carcinoma is the most common skin cancer but the giant vegetating basal cell carcinoma reaches less than 0.5 % of all basal cell carcinoma types. The Giant BCC, defined as a lesion with more than 5 cm at its largest diameter, is a rare form of BCC and commonly occurs on the trunk. This patient, male, 42 years old presents a Giant Basal Cell Carcinoma which reaches 180 cm2 on the right shoulder and was negligent in looking for treatment. Surgical treatment was performed and no signs of dissemination or local recurrence have been detected after follow up of five years.

Keywords: carcinoma, basal cell; neoplasms, basal cell; skin abnormalities; skin neoplasms

RESUMO

O carcinoma basocelular é o tipo mais comum de câncer de pele, mas o carcinoma basocelular gigante vegetante não atinge 0,5% de todos os tipos de carcinomas basocelulares. O Carcinoma Basocelular Gigante, definido como lesão maior que 5 cm no maior diâmetro, é uma forma rara de carcinoma basocelular e comumente ocorre no tronco. Este paciente apresenta um Carcinoma Basocelular Gigante com 180cm² no ombro direito e foi negligente em procurar tratamento. Foi realizado tratamento cirúrgico e nenhum sinal de disseminação ou recorrência local foi detectada após 5 anos.

Palavras-chave: anormalidades da pele; carcinoma basocelular; neoplasia de células basais; neoplasias cutâneas

INTRODUCTION

The basal cell carcinoma is the most common skin cancer but a giant vegetating basal cell carcinoma reaches less than 0.5 % of the all basal cell carcinoma (BCC) types.^1-4 The Giant BCC (GBCC), defined as a lesion with more than 5 cm at its largest diameter, is a rare form of BCC and commonly occurs on the trunk.

The GBCC can be an aggressive tumor with local invasion and metastatic in 50% of the cases.³ In this case the patient is an engineer and because of his negligence the tumor reaches more than 150 cm². ²

CASE REPORT

The patient is male, 52 years old, engineer, married, living in an industrial area in the south of Brazil. He reported that it had begun as a small tumor on the right shoulder seven years ago, growing quickly in the last two years and that he was afraid to look for a dermatologist.

Dermatological examination: The patient had a vegetating and exophytic tumor measuring 15 cm in length x 12 cm in width and 5cm in height (180 cm²), elevated and irregular borders, with necrosis and ulcerated in the center in a non-sun-exposed skin area of the right shoulder. There was granulation tissue on all surfaces, release of fluid with pustules and hemorrhagic points (Figures 1 and 2).

The characteristics of this tumor define it as a Giant exophytic basal cell carcinoma. The patient was subjected to total surgical removal of the tumor. The histological examination showed changes in the overlying epidermis, with ulcerated areas, islands of basaloid cells with pleomorphic and hyperchromatic nuclei, and scant poorly demarcated cytoplasm; mitotic figures; apoptotic cells. Rounded islands of cells with peripheral palisading infiltrated the adjacent fibrous stroma. The histopathology confirmed a basal cell carcinoma (Figure 3).

The patient had an excellent evolution and a follow up of five years showed a scar without dissemination or recurrence and total cure of the tumor (Figure 4).

DISCUSSION

The Giant BCC is normally defined as a BCC with more than 5 cm at its largest diameter (American Joint Committee on Cancer).^1-4

The Giant BCC is a rare form of BCC and commonly occurs on the trunk, and displays a more aggressive behavior, resulting in local invasion and metastasis in 50% of the cases. ^1-5

The reported incidence of metastatic BCC ranges from 0.03 % to 0.55. ³

There is no report about metastasis lesions in this case.

The majority of the patients do not presents common risk factor like chronic sun exposure, arsenic exposure, alcoholism, scars, etc. ¹

Cigarette smoking is associated with an increased prevalence of basal cell carcinomas larger than 1.0 cm in diameter. Among patients with tumors greater than or equal to 5.0 cm, 50% were smokers.⁶

In this case, the patient was a nonsmoker, did not customarily drink alcoholic beverages, had a sound mind, and the tumor was situated in an unexposed area.

There is a relation between negligence and tumor growth in 30% of the cases. ^5-8 Reclusive patients or patients who neglect the lesions for long periods of time are more likely to have giant invasive tumors^{. 2,5}

The GBCC found had a 7-year progression and the patient did not look for medical care because he was afraid of the disease (negligence).

The clinical form of this GBCC is exophytic and vegetating; differential diagnosis compares it with Squamous Cell Carcinoma. ^2,4,7,9,10

Received on 29.05.2011.

Approved by the Advisory Board and accepted for publication on 30.06.2011.

Conflict of interest: None

Financial funding: None

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• 9. Lackey PL, Sargent LA, Wong L, Brzezienski M, Kennedy JW. Giant basal cell carcinoma surgical management and reconstructive challenges. Ann Plast Surg. 2007;58:250-4.
• 10. Unlü RE, Orbay H, Uysal AC, Alagöz MS, Kilinc H, Sensöz O, et al. Unusual and giant tumors of head and neck region. J Craniofac Surg. 2006;17:1219-29.

*

Study carried out in a private clinic and at the Course of Medicine, Regional University of Blumenau Foundation (Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau - FURB) - Blumenau (SC), Brazil.

Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  15 June 2012
• Date of issue
  June 2012

History

• Received
  29 May 2011
• Accepted
  30 June 2011