Abstract in English:

Abstract Suggestions are made on how to write papers on bibliometrics.

Abstract in English:

Abstract The transmuted family of distributions has been receiving increased attention over the last few years. In this paper, we generalize the Marshall-Olkin extended Lomax distribution using the quadratic rank transmutation map to obtain the transmuted Marshall-Olkin extended Lomax distribution. Several properties of the new distribution are discussed including the hazard rate function, ordinary and incomplete moments, characteristic function and order statistics. We provide an estimation procedure by the maximum likelihood method and a simulation study to assess the performance of the new distribution. We prove empirically the flexibility of the new model by means of an application to a real data set. It is superior to other three and four parameter lifetime distributions.

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Abstract The evolution of SNP-SNP interactions has become an interesting field in genetic epidemiology. Most of the studies, aimed to analyze the relationship between genetic factors and disease of interest, are focused on single SNP associations. However, for quantitative traits, influenced by the interplay of environmental and more than one genetic factors, interaction between the multi factors should be taken into consideration. In this study, symmetry models for square contingency tables are applied to the cross-classified SNP-SNP interactions data. Results from a genome-wide association analysis of blood pressure are used as a prior evidence for the interacted SNPs.

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Abstract Honey is a food of nutritional, medicinal and commercial importance. The physicochemical characteristics, pollen spectrum and mineral composition of eighteen honey samples obtained from regions (Cachoeira, Coqueiros, Maragojipe and Santiago do Iguape) near the Paraguaçu River, Bahia, Brazil were evaluated. Botanical families Asteraceae, Leguminosae, Malvaceae, Myrtaceae and Palmae were most frequently found. Five samples had water contents above the maximum limit established by the Brazilian legislation (> 20%). The mineral composition was determined by ICP OES, after microwave digestion. Ca, K, Mg and Na were measured (mg Kg-1) in the range from: 18.85 to 79.61; 366.74 to 1214.98; 12.46 to 44.59 and 11.56 to 85.39, respectively. Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn had variable concentration ranges, between 0.05 and 6.13 mg Kg-1. Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, Se and V showed values below the LOD. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) demonstrated that there are no similarities of mineral composition among honey samples.

Abstract in English:

Abstract In this work, a simple and fast method is proposed for the determination of ethanol in homeopathic medicines using thermal infrared enthalpimetry (TIE). Samples containing alcohol in a wide concentration range (from 5% to 95% v/v) were used. Purified water or absolute ethanol was added directly into homeopathic medicine and increase of temperature was monitored using an infrared camera. Total volume, stirring speed and dispensing rate of solutions were the most significant parameters studied for method optimization. A response surface methodology (RSM) was used for optimization of the experimental conditions. The method was validated in the following parameters: selectivity, linearity, linear range, precision (repeatability and intermediate precision), limit of detection and quantification, accuracy and robustness. Linear range was obtained from 4% to 55% (ethanol, v/v). The proposed method showed accuracy in agreement with the conventional one. The proposed method it was demonstrated a good alternative for determination of ethanol in homeopathic medicines, presenting low cost, fast analysis and agreement with the principles of green analytical chemistry.

Abstract in English:

Abstract A chromatographic method consisting of multi wavelength detection for identification of six phenolic acids, one stilbene and five flavonoids in grape and apple pomaces was proposed. Scavenging of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), reactive oxygen species and reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ using in vitro and HPLC-UV-ABTS on-line methods are herein presented. A reversed phase C18 coupled with an absorption detector operating at 280, 300, 320 and 360 nm for the benzoic acid derivatives and flavanols; stilbenes; cinnamic acid derivatives and flavonols, were respecctively used. The solvents water, methanol and acetonitrile acidified with acetic acid were evaluated as mobile phase. The optimized chromatographic method presented recoveries ranged from 68 to 130% and from 66 to 130% for grape and apple pomaces respectively. The determination coefficients (R2) of the 12 compounds were > 0.98. The extracts showed high total phenolic content and exhibits strong capacities to scavenge free radicals and reactive oxygen species. The results obtained by HPLC-ABTS on-line method suggest that pomaces of grape and apple are rich in bioactive compounds and that catechin and epicatechin contribute in a significantly way to the antioxidant activity in both agroindustrial pomaces.

Abstract in English:

Abstract We report the study on the formation of the Cu2[Fe(CN)6] nanocomposite, which was obtained from copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) and Prussian Blue precursors. UV-vis analysis indicated that Cu2+ ions are released from CuO NPs, while Fe3+ ions are adsorbed onto the structure of CuO due to a sharp increase in zeta potential (from -30 to 0 mV) after the formation of the Cu2[Fe(CN)6]. Moreover, energy dispersive spectroscopy confirmed that Fe3+ ions are trapped in the CuO NPs structure. The CuO/Cu2[Fe(CN)6] nanocomposite exhibited the monoclinic and face-centered cubic phases that correspond to the CuO and Cu2[Fe(CN)6] components. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) for the Nanocomposite modified electrode revealed two well-defined redox couples at -0.073 ((E1/2)1) and 0.665 mV ((E1/2)2), attributed to the conversion of Cu2+ to Cu+ and CuFe2+ CuFe3+ pairs, respectively, which is similar to those in the CuO and Cu2[Fe(CN)6]components. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of the nanocomposite towards hydrogen was investigated through CV, where the reduction of H2O2 led to increased currents for the electrochemical process associated with the first redox pair. In contrast, for isolated materials (CuO NPs and Cu2[Fe(CN)6]), there was no significant increase in the current associated with either redox pair.

Abstract in English:

Abstract The development of stable and active TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) decorated with plasmonic gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) represents a strategy for charge-transfer processes improvements. However, organic capping ligands used for Au NPs synthesis usually remain on the surface of the metal, leading to poor Schottky junctions between Au and TiO2. Herein, we report on the synthesis of a nanotubular matrix of TiO2 decorated with gold without the need of ligands. The Au NPs mean diameter (12 nm) was similar to all the samples prepared, no matter the metal loading. Such materials enabled to use the metal as a cocatalyst for photogeneration of H2under UV and visible light irradiations. We found an optimum metal loading (2.6 wt% Au) that enabled an improvement of 760% on the H2 production when compared to the bare TiO2 NTs under UV-Vis irradiation. In addition, such catalyst was able to perform photogeneration of H2 under visible irradiation, which was not conceivable before the metal immobilization over the TiO2 NTs. The yield obtained was comparable to the observed when the catalyst was used under UV-Vis conditions. The produced materials were fully characterized by UV-Vis, XRD, TEM, and SEM.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Herein we report for the first time the levels of phenylpropanoids and iridoids in extracts and infusions of V. minutiflora consumed in Brazil to treat urinary and infectious disorders. An in house validation study demonstrated good accuracy and precision to determine the bioactive compounds in V. minutiflora by HPLC-DAD. Phenylpropanoids varied in the extracts (leaves 139.70 to 221.20 mg g-1, flowers 106.43 to 227.22 mg g-1, stems 42.18 to 56.48 mg g-1). Verbascoside occurred in higher concentration in extracts of leaves (87.66 – 136.16) mg g-1 and flowers (58.12 – 148.96) mg g-1 than in stems (19.24 – 24.62) mg g-1. Iridoids in extracts were as follows: leaves (46.60 − 54.79) mg g-1, flowers (55.88 − 93.87) mg g-1 and stems (40.05 to 61.74) mg g-1. High levels of iridoids (314.70 − 415.10) μg mL-1, phenylpropanoids (1996.39 − 2674.13) μg mL-1 and verbascoside (1029.38 − 1456.42 μg mL-1) in infusions support the popular consume of V. minutiflora.

Abstract in English:

Abstract The aim of this work was to investigate the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of infusions of commercial herb samples (fennel, anise, peppermint, lemon grass and lemon balm) popularly consumed in Brazil. The infusion preparation for phenolic extraction was optimized using multivariate planning. Spectrophotometric methods were used to determine in vitro antioxidant activity and total phenolic and flavonoid content. Peppermint infusions had higher phenolic content and antioxidant potential. It was developed and validated a method by HPLC-DAD for the determination of caffeine, phenolic acids and flavonoids and applied for the analysis of the composition of the infusions. Higher concentrations were obtained for chlorogenic and p-coumaric phenolic acids and for flavonoids rutin and catechin. Principal Components Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis were applied for the comparative evaluation of the phenolic composition of the infusions. The multivariate analyzes indicate that the phenolic profile for the samples of the same species tend to present greater similarities in relation to other herbs and one of the analyzed samples, commercialized as anise, does not belong to the P. anisum species.

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Abstract We investigated the changes in the physical structure of cellulose recovered from soybean and rice hulls treated with the ionic liquids 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([bmim][Cl]) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([bmim][Ac]). The characterization was carried out by a combination of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Regenerated cellulose from soybean hull showed loss of crystallinity and high structural disruption caused by both ionic liquid treatments as compared to the untreated material. In contrast, rice hull presented only a small structural disruption when treated with [bmim][Ac] and was practically unaffected by [bmim][Cl], showing that this biomass residue is recalcitrance towards physico-chemical treatments, possibly as a consequence of its high composition content in silica. These results suggest the use of soybean hull as a substrate to be treated with ionic liquids in the preparation of lignocellulosic hydrolysates to be used in second-generation ethanol production, whereas other methods should be considered to treat rice hull biomass.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Silver complexes containing 1,10-phenanthroline as a coordinated ligand have been of great interest due to their antibacterial and antifungal pharmacological properties. In this paper, we describe the synthesis of a new partial inclusion complex of bis(1,10-phenanthroline)silver(I) salicylate in β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) which was synthesized with a good yield. The compounds were characterized by FTIR, 1H, 13C NMR including 1H−1H COSY, TGA/DSC, elemental analysis (CHN), and X-ray powder diffraction. The results suggest the presence of non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic interactions in the formation of the partial inclusion compound between β-CD and bis(1,10-phenanthroline)silver(I) salicylate [Ag(phen)2]salH. Additionally, an in silico prediction of 1,10-phenanthroline biological activities was carried out and the acquired data suggests several potential targets associated with the antimicrobial activity of this compound and its silver complex. Most predicted targets are related to antimicrobial virulence and resistance that are a serious threat to global public health. The inclusion compound showed a higher inhibiting growth of Candida albicans than the free complex [Ag(phen)2]salH indicating that the formation of the inclusion complex with β-CD increases the bioavailability of the antimicrobial active species [Ag(phen)2]+ of the new silver(I) compound.

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Abstract The Jequiezinho River is a temporary river. In the urban stretch it is impacted, with perennial flow coming from domestic sewage and rainwater. This study evaluated the geochemical distribution and potential mobility of some metals (Pb, Co, Ca, Cr, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn) in sediments of the Jequiezinho River. Sediment samples were collected at ten different sites along the river. The silt/clay fraction was submitted to acid digestion and sequential extraction with analysis by FAAS. The results indicated that, in the more densely populated region, there was an increase in concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Co, Pb, and Zn. The contents found were compared with the guideline values of TEL (Threshold Effect Levels) and PEL (Probable Effect Levels)​​, not exceeding the maximum reference limits. The results indicated that Ca, Mg, Mn and Fe presented greater susceptibility to mobility and bioavailability suggesting the geochemical origin responsible for these high concentrations. The multivariate analysis showed that Cr, Ni, Cu, Co, Pb, and Zn presented a similar behavior, especially in locations with higher population density and the discharge of non-discriminated effluents, reflecting the anthropogenic contributions as responsible for the concentration increase.

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Abstract This paper records the first occurrence of the genus Myrmicium Westwood, 1854 in the Cretaceous of Gondwana and describes it as a new species Myrmicium araripterum sp. nov, based on the most complete specimen of this genus yet known, which represents the largest specimen of the grade “Symphyta” ever found in the Crato Formation.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Brazil’s Midwest is composed of four biomes, the Cerrado (Brazilian savannah), predominant in the region; the Pantanal, the largest irrigated plain on the planet; the Amazon biome; and the Atlantic Forest. The Midwest is the largest producer of grains and livestock in Brazil, activities that have a negative impact on environmental preservation. Agrarian reform redistributes land and reinforces small family farming, which many authors consider as favorable to environmental protection. The objective of this study is to characterize the impact of agrarian reform on environmental preservation and agriculture on each biome of the Brazilian Midwest. Fifty-four settlements were surveyed using direct observation and Landsat images available for the year 2014. QGIS software 2.8 Wien was applied to calculate NDVI and NDWI vegetation indices to classify areas of agriculture, pasture, and environmental preservation. Pasture and savannah land occupy the largest areas in all biomes, with the main human activity based on livestock. Most settlements in the Midwest lead to small-scale activities such as dairy farming and polyculture, practices that differ from large-scale farming based on monoculture, and are more favorable to environmental protection.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Ten-year seasonal climate reforecasts over South America are obtained using the Eta Regional Climate Model at 40 km resolution, driven by the large-scale forcing from the global atmospheric model of the Center for Weather Forecasts and Climate Studies. The objective of this work is to evaluate these regional reforecasts. The dataset is comprised of four-month seasonal forecasts performed on a monthly basis between 2001 and 2010. An ensemble of five members is constructed from five slightly different initial conditions to partially reduce the uncertainty in the seasonal forecasts. The seasonal mean precipitation and 2-meter temperature forecasts are compared with the observations. The comparison shows that, in general, forecasted precipitation is underestimated in the central part of the continent in the austral summer, whereas the forecasted 2 meter temperature is underestimated in most parts of the continent and throughout the year. Skill scores show higher skill in the northern part of the continent and lower skill in the southern part of the continent, but mixed skill signs are seen in the central part of the continent. During the El Niño and La Niña seasons, the forecast skill scores clearly increase. The downscaling of the Eta model seasonal forecasts provides added value over the driver global model forecasts, especially during rainy periods.

Abstract in English:

Abstract This study compares two mangroves with different land uses in the Jaguaribe River estuary, harboring large shrimp farms, and in the more pristine Pacotí River estuary. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used to compare the overall health of the forests. Measures of suspended matter (TSS), total (TP), particulate (PartP) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) in the inflow and outflow waters of tidal channels draining the mangroves were performed during tidal cycles. NDVI varied from 0.65 in the Jaguaribe estuary to 0.85 in the Pacotí, suggesting the impact of shrimp farm effluents on mangrove canopy cover. The shrimp farm influenced site showed 10 times larger absolute ∑P (TP + PartP + SRP) = 1.2-5.2 kg.hr-1) flux than the pristine site (∑P = 0.22 kg.hr-1). Tidal balances showed smaller retentions of the total influx: 28-54%; 44-45%; 38-65% and 8-53% for TSS; TP; SRP; and PartP respectively, in the shrimp farm influenced site to over 93% of the total tidal input of TSS and all P fractions in the pristine mangrove. This suggests that mangrove phosphorus accumulation is decreased in the forest with lower NDVI and limits mangrove’s potential as a natural barrier to the nutrient transport to adjacent estuarine and coastal waters.

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Abstract The use of industrial waste as an additive in soil improvement has many advantages, including recycling of waste, reducing the need for waste storage, and obtaining an economical material. With the use of these wastes, desired positive results are obtained in some geotechnical properties of soil. However, the wastes can create trace element contamination in soil and groundwater. In this study, trace elements originating from industrial wastes contaminating groundwater are investigated. The industrial wastes were mixed at different proportions with the soil. These mixtures were compacted into a permeameter cells, and a seepage tests were performed. The leachates obtained from seepage tests were analyzed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine trace elements. The measured trace element quantities were compared with the allowable values in the relevant standards (EPA 822, WHO, TS266). The results reveal that quantitative values of the trace elements from the leachates were within the allowable limits, except for arsenic and chromium. Furthermore, when fly ash is used As and Cr can be combined with ettringite and be immobilized. Boron and silica fume are hazardous substances caused by trace elements. However, considering its long-term effect, they can be used with fly ash.

Abstract in English:

Abstract The enigmatic genus Stenocrates Burmeister has 52 species that are widely distributed from Mexico to Argentina, but mainly in South America. In the present study, the larva of the third instar and pupa of Stenocrates agricola Dechambre & Hardy, 2004 are described and illustrated based on specimens from Argentina, this being the first description of immatures for the genus. The adult is also redescribed, significantly expanding the number of characters and providing information on the natural history of this species. In addition, 28 species of Cyclocephalini and 20 species of Pentodontini are morphologically compared, emphasizing the most useful larval characters used among these beetles. Stenocrates agricola shows frequent and common characters of Pentodontini species but scarce (and even absent) characters typical of Cyclocephalini species, including some considered diagnostic for this tribe. Accordingly we consider that the tribal position of Stenocrates remains controversial and more study is needed to clarify the tribal status of Stenocrates. We believe that larval morphology provides important information in systematics studies that can clarify tribal relationships within the Dynastinae.

Abstract in English:

Abstract A system called QUALIS was implemented in Brazil in 2009, intended to rank graduate programs from different subject areas and promote selected national journals. Since this system uses a complicated suit of criteria (differing among subject areas) to group journals into discrete categories, it could potentially create incentives to publish in low-impact journals ranked highly by QUALIS. Here I assess the influence of the QUALIS journal ranking system on the global impact of Brazilian science. Brazil shows a steeper decrease in the number of citations per document since the implementation of this QUALIS system, compared to the top Latin American countries publishing more scientific articles. All subject areas showed some degree of bias, with social sciences being usually more biased than natural sciences. Lastly, the decrease in the number of citations over time proved steeper in a more biased subject area, suggesting a faster shift towards low-impact journals. Overall, the findings documented here suggest that the QUALIS system has undermined the global impact of Brazilian science, and reinforce a recent recommendation from an official committee evaluating graduate programs to eliminate QUALIS. A system based on impact metrics could avoid introducing distorted incentives, and thereby boost the global impact of Brazilian science.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Biological and abiotic processes influence ecosystem structure and species distribution. For bryozoan assemblages, depth, substratum and habitat structure are among the main factors influencing their distribution. Ecological studies on bryozoan fauna from Brazil are scarce and factors affecting the distribution and/or diversity of this common group are obscure. Here we attempted to verify the influence of bathymetry on bryozoan richness on the north shore of Bahia State, north-eastern Brazil. We identified 57 bryozoan taxa, comprising 35 families and 50 genera, all belonging to the Cheilostomata. Retevirgula multipunctata Winston, Vieira & Woollacott, 2014 and Tetraplaria dichotoma (Osburn, 1914) and the genus Aimulosia Jullien, 1888 were recorded for the first time from Bahia State. Species growing as encrusting sheets were dominant at all depths. There was a significant difference in richness among samples at different depths, with highest values of richness at 40 meters (Kruskal-Wallis Test). Analysis of similarities revealed a significant difference among the bryozoan assemblages, mainly when comparing assemblages from 10 and 20 meters with deeper ones. Also, shallower assemblages composition varied much than assemblages from 30 and 40 meters. Since depth is a proxy for several environmental parameters, further studies are needed to identify other factors influencing bryozoan distribution.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Human populations maintain diverse relationships with wild animals that lead to both positive and negative interactions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the ecology, interactions and human perceptions of Cerdocyon thous in rural landscapes in the state of Pernambuco in northeastern Brazil. Interviews were held from November to December 2015. Data collection involved the use of a semi-structured questionnaire and photographs of the fox. Most interviewees (96.94%) demonstrated knowledge of the species, attributing eight different vernacular denominations to the animal. The interviewees also demonstrated knowledge regarding its habitats, active hours, diet, behavior and diseases. The respondents pointed out negative aspects, such as the transmission of diseases (48.72%), the death of domesticated animals and consequent negative economic impact (42.74%), attacks against humans and other animals (6.84%) and causing an environment imbalance (1.70%). The positive roles attributed to the fox regarded its use as a resource for medicinal purposes, craftwork, mystical-religious ceremonies and as a pet. There is a need for further information on C. thous and adequate protection measures should be taken in local communities to ensure the conservation of the species in rural landscapes.

Abstract in English:

Abstract The pollen micro-morphology of family Solanaceae from the different phytogeographical region of Pakistan has been assessed. In this study, thirteen species belonging to ten genera of Solanaceae have been studied using light and scanning electron microscopy for both qualitative and quantitative features. Solanaceae is a eurypalynous family and a significant variation was observed in pollen size, shape, polarity and exine sculpturing. Examined plant species includes, Brugmansia suaveolens, Capsicum annuum, Cestrum parqui, Datura innoxia, Solanum lycopersicum, Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, Petunia hybrida, Physalis minima, Solanum americanum, Solanum erianthum, Solanum melongena, Solanum surattense and Withania somnifera. The prominent pollen type is tricolporate and shed as a monad. High pollen fertility reflects that observed taxa are well-known in the study area. Based on the observed pollen traits a taxonomic key was developed for the accurate and quick identification of species. Principal Component Analysis was performed that shows some morphological features are the main characters in the identification. Cluster Analysis was performed that separate the plant species in a cluster. The findings highlight the importance of Palyno-morphological features in the characterization and identification of Solanaceous taxa. It is concluded that both LM and SEM significantly play a key role in correct identification of taxa studied.

Abstract in English:

Abstract The study aim was to evaluate the toxic potential of two polyherbal formulation i.e. “ PH 1 & PH 2” and scientific validation of their anti-asthmatic use. Acute oral toxicity study as per OECD 425 TG was conducted. For validation of anti-asthmatic claim, in vivo assay named Ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine method in Wistar rats was used. Eosinophils and IgE antibody were quantified post-administration of low and high doses of the formulations. No mortality was observed in acute toxicity study. Elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase and damaged liver structure indicating the hepatotoxicity were more pronounced in PH 2 treated rats. Congestion in kidney tissue and increased urea level were evident of the nephrotoxic nature of PH 2 in animals. Treatment with selected polyherbal products decreased the MDA level while increasing the SOD and GSH levels in lung tissue homogenates. The maximum decrease in IgE load (3.18 ± 0.08 IU/mL) was found in rats treated with 12 mg/kg dose of PH 1 followed by 100 mg/kg dose of PH 2 (3.44 ± 0.06 IU/mL). It was concluded that both polyherbal formulations had anti-asthmatic activities, however, PH 1 exhibited the liver and kidney toxicity and should be cautiously used.

Abstract in English:

Abstract There are no guava cultivars resistant to the Meloidogyne enterolobii; for this reason, genetic breeding has been performed by introgressing genes into the current cultivars through interspecific hybridization. We used 33 microsatellite markers for the genetic-molecular characterization of segregating populations of Psidium resistant to M. enterolobii, aiming at selection within and between populations for generation advancement in the guava breeding program. The average number of alleles per locus ranged from 1.60 to 2.09. Populations 1 (P. guineense × P. cattleyanum) and 5 (P. guajava × P. cattleyanum) obtained the greatest genetic diversity, which can be confirmed by the higher observed-heterozygosity values (0.422 and 0.312, respectively). Bayesian analysis showed that the populations were subdivided into three groups, agreeing with the number of groups observed by Nei’s genetic distance. The population obtained from the P. guineense × P. cattleyanum cross differed from the others with a clear structuring, whereas the P. guajava × P. cattleyanum and P. cattleyanum × P. guineense populations were the most similar between each other. The SSR markers were efficient in discriminating the populations, and individual 80 may be employed in future crosses with guava, allowing generation advancement in the guava breeding program aimed at resistance to M. enterolobii.

Abstract in English:

Abstract An 8-week experiment was carried out to assess the impact of supplemental dietary pyridoxine (PY), protease (PR), zinc (Zn) and their mixture (MIX) with low protein diet (LP; 14.76% CP) or high protein diet (HP; 18.53% CP) on rabbit growth, feed utilization, and nutrients digestibility. Rabbits were divided into ten similar groups in a 2 (protein level) ×5 (treatments) factorial design. Treatments included a control group (without any additives), 5 mg PY/kg of diet, 100 mg Zn/kg of diet, 500 mg PR/kg of diet or a mixture of all tested feed additive with the same doses. Results indicated that growth performance, feed utilization, and nutrients digestibility indicators were retarded significantly with reduction of dietary crude protein. Growth performance and feed conversion were significantly enhanced as a result of PY, PR, Zn, and MIX supplementation. All feed supplements had significantly improved the digestibility of crude protein and digestible crude protein. No change in carcass traits was recorded in response to protein level and tested feed supplements. It is concluded that the growing rabbit responded positively to PY, Zn, PR, and MIX (particularly PY) supplemental of LP or HP diets, in terms of growth performance, feed conversion, and nutrient digestibility.

Abstract in English:

Abstract This study aimed to characterize Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu seasonal production (seasonality) and its variation (climate risk) yearlong throughout Brazil. Data from weather stations in Brazil (1963-2009), were associated with an empirical herbage accumulation rate (HAR; kg DM ha-1 day-1) model which considers growing degree-days adjusted by a drought attenuation index. Simulations were performed under 20, 40, 60 and 100 mm of soil water holding capacities (SWHCs). HAR’s means and standard deviations were calculated for the seasons of the year. Thereafter, cluster analysis and calculations were performed to gather similar weather stations and characterize seasonality and climate risk indexes. Cluster analysis resulted in four Groups per SWHC. The north of Brazil (Group 1) presented the lowest seasonality and climate risk indexes and low need for precautions. In the middle west (Group 2), the seasonality index ranged from medium-high to high. Winter and Summer presented the lowest and highest production, respectively. In the south of Brazil, some regions in the southeast and northeast (Group 3), Winter presented the lowest production and highest climate risk index, probably due to low temperatures. The northeast (Group 4) presented a seasonality index that ranged from medium-high to very high and low productions.

Abstract in English:

Abstract The objective of this work was to determine the effect of inclusion levels of dietary fiber in the Japanese quail diets. 480 Japanese quail were distributed in a completely randomized design, with 5 treatments and 12 replicates composed of 8 birds each. The treatments were constituted by five increasing levels of fiber in the diet: 2.78; 3.08; 3.38; 3.68; 3.98%. The parameters of productive performance, water consumption, egg quality, total lipids in the egg, excreta humidity, weight of digestive organs and intestinal morphology were evaluated. There was no significant effect of the use of different fiber levels on feed intake, egg production, viability, live weight, relative and absolute weight of gizzard, small intestine and cecum, and in excreta moisture of Japanese quais. Higher dietary fiber levels resulted in improvements in feed conversion per mass and per dozen eggs and higher water consumption. There was no significant difference for egg quality, except fot the color of the yolk where it was observed higher pigmentation of this structure with higher levels of fiber inclusion, and the lipid concentration in the buds was influenced in a quadratic manner. The inclusion of fiber promoted improvement in the villi of the duodenum and cecum.

Abstract in English:

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the performance in feedlot and temperament of Nellore bulls classified by residual feed intake. The residual feed intake was calculated as the difference between the observed and predicted dry matter intake. Bulls classified as low residual feed intake had lower dry matter intake (kg day−1) and dry matter intake (g kg−1 d−1) of body weight, and were more efficient in feed conversion ratio than those classified as medium and high. The average daily gain didn’t differ among residual feed intake classes and was 1.69 kg day−1, 1.82 kg day−1 and 1.71 kg day−1 for bulls classified as low, medium, or high, respectively. The residual feed intake was positively associated with dry matter intake, feed conversion ratio and subcutaneous fat thickness. The subcutaneous fat thickness was lower in bulls classified as low residual feed intake than in those with medium and high. No differences were observed in flight speed and reactivity score among residual feed intake classes. Overall, we concluded that bulls classified as low residual feed intake consumed less dry matter than high, with no differences in average daily gain, temperamentand had better feed efficiency, albeit their subcutaneous fat thickness was lower.

Abstract in English:

Abstract 3D food printing, a part of additive manufacturing technique is used to modify the process of the food manufacturing in terms of color, shape, flavor, texture and nutrition. It liberates the user to identify and modify their meal according to one’s desire, matching to the very minute details. Currently, it is used in decorating and fabricating, food products such as chocolate, cookies and cakes. The process of printing foods depends on several factors such as the physical state of food (whether powder, liquid or semi-solid), size and shape of the syringes to be used and the composition of the ingredients such as carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Apart from the use of 3D food printing for fabrication, it can also play an important role in solving malnutrition by enhancing the nutritional profile of the meal. The objective of this review is to highlight the different methods used in 3D food printing, 3D food printers, benefits of 3D food printing and challenges faced while food printing. Moreover, the paper discusses the applications of 3D food printing and its scope in the near future.

Abstract in English:

Abstract The trial was conducted to evaluate the supplementation of E. coli phytase on performance, weight and ash of bones, as well as to determine the bioavailability of P and cost/benefit of its use in diets. A total 1,890 Cobb male day old chicks were assigned to six treatments and seven replicates with 45 birds each, distributed in a completely randomized design. The treatments were: Positive Control; Negative Control (NC1) - reduction of 0.06% avP; Negative Control 2 (NC2) - reduction of 0.12% avP; NC2 + Phytase (120 OTU); NC2 + Phytase (180 OTU); NC2 + Phytase (240 OTU), being 1 OTU equivalent to approximately 2 FTU. With different phytase inclusions, it was possible to verify a gradual increase on body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, viability and even the bone characteristics of broilers fed diets containing reduction of P. The closest levels to the highest studied (240 OTU) showed the best results. The replacement of dicalcium phosphate by phytase supplementation is economically viable when the cost per OTU does not exceed US$ 1.4 × 10-5, US$1.2 × 10-5 and US$ 1.0 × 10-5 for the concentrations of 120, 180 and 240 OTU, respectively.

Abstract in English:

Abstract In this work, we investigated the phenotypic profile of Staphylococcus spp. isolates recovered from raw milk and artisanal cheese, and their enterotoxigenic potential through the detection of classical enterotoxin genes (sea, seb, sec, sed and see). A total of 104 isolates (58 coagulase-positive Staphylococcus – CoPS; and 46 coagulase-negative Staphylococcus- CoNS) were used, of which 33 were retrieved from raw milk and 71 from artisanal cheese produced in the Serrana region of Santa Catarina. Identification of CoPS was conducted via biochemical tests. Detection of the genes sea, seb, sec, sed, and see was carried out by multiplex PCR technique. Among the 58 CoPS analyzed, 64% were identified as S. aureus, 22% as S. scheiferi coagulans, 12% as S. hyicus and as 2% S. intermedius. In the present study was noted that 40% of CoPS isolates retrieved from milk harbored seb gene, while only one from artisanal cheese was positive for gene sea. In this study all CoNS samples investigated were negative for enterotoxins genes. The enterotoxigenic potential of CoPS, is an issue of great importance for public health. For that reason, it is necessary that cheese factories strictly follow the safety processes involved in manufacturing.

Abstract in English:

Abstract The aims of this study were to evaluate the yield and composition of dual-purpose wheat pasture BRS Tarumã managed with various urea nitrogen (N) doses and validate an exponential model and compare nutrient production costs. The completely randomized design had four replications per treatment (0, 150, 250, 350, and 450 kg N ha-1). For the 350 and 450 kg ha-1 treatments, the cycle was 212 d whereas that of the control was 167 d. The control accumulated 1,771 kg ha-1 dry matter. In contrast, the 450 kg ha-1 treatment accumulated 7,011 kg ha-1 DM. Topdressing nitrogen (150, 250, 350, and 450 kg ha-1) increased the traditional average daily accumulation rate by 586% relative to the control. However, the degree-days method determined a daily accumulation rate 652% higher than the control. The levels of dry matter and other nutrients in BRS Tarumã wheat pasture were influenced by the doses of nitrogen in the topdressing under the same environmental conditions (temperature and rainfall). An exponential model explained the dynamics of nutrient accumulation and was based on the thermal sum of each nitrogen dose impacting the cost per kilogram of pasture produced.

Abstract in English:

Abstract The suckling behavior of piglets was evaluated in summer and winter, using 21 sows of the same genetic line. Data were collected in July (winter) and in January (summer). The experimental design was a randomized complete block (age of piglets) in a 2x2 factorial scheme, with season of the year (winter and summer) and shift (day, from 06 h to 1h:59min and night from 18h to 05h:59min) as factors. The behavioral variables analyzed were number, interval, and frequency of suckling. The behaviors were monitored on day 7 and 15 of lactation, for 24 hours. In winter, the farrowing room had a mean temperature of 20.32 ±2.17°C and a relative humidity (RH) of 58.63 ±2.99%. In the summer, the mean temperature was 26.65 ±4.02°C, with an RH of 62.22 ±12.06%. During winter, the piglets presented longer sucklings during the night, dedicating 1.84 minutes more to suckling compared to the daytime. Nighttime sucklings were 3.13 minutes longer in winter than in summer. However, in summer, piglets suckled more often during the night, with greater interval between feeds during the day. Based on our results, the season influences the suckling behavior of piglets, with shorter feedings and greater frequencies in summer.

Abstract in English:

Abstract The incidence of PSE (pale, soft and exudative) pork meat is directly influenced by pre-slaughter handling of animals, compromising meat quality and resulting in economic losses for industry. Considering management, the main extrinsic stress factors are: the pre-slaughter rest time in lairage, the total fasting time and at farm and the transport time. To evaluate the effects of these factors on PSE meat incidence, pH of 1038 carcasses was measured at 45 minutes post mortem (pH45) in a pig slaughterhouse in Paraná, Brazil. Carcasses with pH45≤5.8 were classified as PSE, and those with pH45>5.8 as normal. In order to verify if the factors influence PSE meat appearance, it was divided into categories according to it duration, and according to the number of animals evaluated in each category, the PSE meat frequency was estimated, and which time intervals obtained the lower incidence of the change. The total incidence of PSE carcasses was 19.17%. The periods of rest in lairage, total fasting, fasting at farm and transport that minimized the occurrence of PSE meat were from 04h01 to seven hours, from 14h01 to 17h00, from 03h01 to five hours, and from 02h01 to three hours, respectively.

Abstract in English:

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth curve of selectively bred and non-selectively bred tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). The experiment involved 388 fish (weight: 65.38 ± 20.00 g; age: 217 days), consisting of 252 fish from seven selectively bred families (18 fish per family) and 18 non-selectively bred fish (control group). Groups were placed in two 800-m² tanks. Biometric measurements were taken on nine occasions at 30-day intervals, for a period of 254 days. Weight and morphometric traits were evaluated. To describe the tambaqui growth behavior, we adopted the Gompertz nonlinear regression model. Greater growth (p < 0.05) was observed in selectively bred families compared with control group. Four families stood out with higher (p < 0.05) asymptotic values for weight (F1: 2448.7 g; F7: 2284.7 g; F5 2180.1 g; F4: 2080.5 g; and control: 1808.4 g) and other morphometric traits. None of the selectively bred families (except F5) had a higher growth rate and age at inflection point than the fish from control group. In conclusion, selectively bred and non-selectively bred fish present distinct growth curves, but some families have greatly superior growth.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Microgreen based functional juice blends containing fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulate) and aloe vera (Aloe brobadensis) in different ratios were blended with sorbitol and stevia. The different ratios of juice blends were analyzed for total soluble solids, sedimentation, viscosity and titrable acidity. They were also screened for total phenolic content, total carotenoid content and antioxidant properties such as DPPH, reducing power and metal chelating activity. The formulation with highest TPC, TCC and antioxidant property was selected to optimize a microgreen based functional juice. The optimized microgreen blend formulation had 20 ml 100-1 ml microgreen juice, 40 ml 100-1 ml kinnow juice, 8.5 ml 100-1 ml sorbitol, 1.78 g 100-1 ml stevia and 29.72 ml 100-1 ml aloe vera juice. It had high protein, minerals (sodium and potassium) and vitamin (vitamin C) content as well as good source beta-carotene, phenols and antioxidants. Antioxidant helps in reducing diabetic complications by reducing the oxidative stress and because of their protective action against reactive oxygen species.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Biological invasion is a major threat to global biodiversity and ecosystem services. We examined the functional traits similarity between a set of native and non-native invasive tree species from the Southern Brazilian subtropical mixed forest, part of an important global hotspot for biodiversity conservation. We hypothesized that invasive species occupy marginal niche spaces. We ordered the species using the Principal Component Analysis based on their wood density, leaf area, and specific leaf area. These are all important traits that summarize essential ecological strategies associated with resource acquisition and conservation. Functional overlaps between non-native and native species were analyzed through kernel density estimation of continuous traits data. While native and non-native invasive species were distributed along the same functional gradients, the position of non-native species in the functional space is species and traits specific. We concluded that within Brazilian subtropical mixed forests, the functional dissimilarity as a key factor in invasion success could not be generalized for all species and traits.

Abstract in English:

Abstract This study was undertaken to investigate the performance, carcass characteristics, and economic viability of diets including pasta waste in meal form (PWM) for quail. A total of 450 unsexed meat quail (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) were distributed into five treatments (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40% inclusion of PWM) in a completely randomized design with six replicates, each with 15 birds. The following rearing periods were evaluated: Phase 1 - 1 to 21 days; and period of 1 to 42 days. In Phase 1, the PWM levels did not influence feed intake (FI), and the PWM inclusion levels for optimal weight gain (WG) and feed conversion (FC) were estimated at 20.70% and 22.8%, respectively. In the cumulative period of 1 to 42 days, the PWM levels did not lead to differences in FI, WG, or FC. The yields of carcass and cuts were not influenced by the treatments; however, abdominal fat yield decreased as the PWM levels in the diets were increased. Economic analysis showed a reduction of the feeding cost in the studied phases. Pasta waste meal can be included up to the level of 40% without incurring losses in the performance or carcass yield of meat quail.

Abstract in English:

Abstract In the present study, we evaluated the effects of the hydrolysis of phytate of defatted rice bran (DRB) by a pretreatment with non-commercial phytase produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (DRB-PS) compared to the application of Natuphos® (commercial phytase produced by the BASF Company) (DRB-PN) in diets for grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella. Fish (57.55 ± 0.4 g) fed one of the experimental diets in triplicates for 35 days. Effects of the phytase used on blood parameters, intestinal proteases and hepatic glucose were not observed (p > 0.05). Similarly, no differences were found for serum phosphorus (P). However, were found higher levels of calcium (9 and 5.25%) in the control treatment in relation to DRB-PS and DRB-PN respectively, besides higher calcium-phosphorus ratio was found in this treatment. For the fish carcass composition was not statistically different (p > 0.05) except total lipids, which showed its highest content in fish fed on the DRB-PN diet (p < 0.05). The obtained results suggested that the use of the phytase, irrespective to its source may eliminate the use of traditional P sources in fish diets.

Abstract in English:

Abstract The main purpose of this paper was to present the Forestry Routing Optimization Model (FRoM) as a version of the classical Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP). This work approaches for wood logistic problems consisting of simple displacement and multiple displacements of trucks toward the stands. The FRoM encompasses both steps into one single integer mixed linear programming model, considering cranes and trucks schedule, fleet reduction, reduction of overtime, reduction of half-load transportation, and approaching the minimum distance traveled along a fixed planning horizon. Some technique constraints were implemented to provide accurate model function. An executed real problem data was used to compare the outcomes. The objective was to carry and transport 21,881.82 tons of lumber from 10 stands using a total of 48 trucks and 5 cranes in a planning horizon of 6 days, which each day has 20 hours of effective work. The FRoM has performed a fleet reduction of 72.92%, eliminating overtime. It has reduced the half-load trips to the order of 3.17% of all routes. The crane’s analysis allowed catching points of inefficiency due to operational idleness. The FRoM provided savings of 49.12% at all logistic costs. FRoM has shown to be a good option as a route optimizer for forestry logistics.

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Abstract To determine the chemical composition and digestibility of insect meal for poultry made from the larvae of Tenebrio molitor (TL) and nymphs of Gryllus assimilis (GAN) a total excreta collection test was carried out, substituting 20% of the reference diet with each type of meal. The meals presented 6074 and 5975 kcal/Kg of gross energy, with 49.34% and 52.66% protein for TL and GAN respectively. The most nutrient digestibility was less than 65%, except for energy and ether-extract digestibility in the meal from Tenebrio molitor larvae, which were over 70%. The meals under analysis can be used as a source of nutrients in poultry diets.

Abstract in English:

Abstract A somatic embryogenesis protocol was developed from the immature leaves of adult plants of the macaw palm. Leaf explants from different regions of the palm heart were used for callus initiation in a modified Y3 medium, supplemented with 2,4-D or Picloram at 450 μM. Calli were separated from the leaf explants at 6-, 9- and 12-month periods and transferred to a fresh culture medium of the same composition. They were multiplied for up to 120 days. Reduced concentrations of 2,4-D and Picloram were used to differentiate somatic embryos. They were then germinated in a medium without plant growth regulators. Morphological and anatomical analyses were conducted at different stages of the embryogenic process. The best results for callus induction were achieved by Picloram, when explants were maintained for up to 9 months on culture medium (64.9%). The farthest portions of the apical meristem were those that provided the biggest calli formation. The formation of the somatic embryos was observed from the calli multiplication phase. Reduction in concentrations of growth regulators failed to promote the formation of complete plants. Picloram at 450 μM promotes high callogenesis in leaf tissues of macaw palm, with a potential for somatic embryo formation.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Ilex paraguariensis (yerba mate) is a native species from South America and is a rich source of bioactive compounds. There is a lack of research efforts on the phytochemical investigation of callus culture from this species. In the present study, an effort was made to optimize callus culture conditions and to identify secondary compounds. Calli were induced from 10 genotypes using leaf explants and the best genotype was selected to evaluate the effects of cytokinin types and concentrations on callus induction and biomass accumulation. The best genotype and cytokinin treatment were used to conduct one last experiment with sucrose concentrations in culture media and its effects on calli biomass, antioxidant activity and secondary compounds accumulation. Callus initiation was genotype dependent, and the 6-156-6 line had the best response. Zeatin supplemented medium showed higher callus induction rate (82%) and higher biomass accumulation after 120 days (328.2 mg). Higher biomass and secondary compounds accumulation were observed for calli on 3% sucrose medium. Antioxidant activity was not affected by sucrose concentrations. Yerba mate callus culture allowed the accumulation of chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, theobromine and caffeine.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Plant responses to nitrogen supply are dependent on auxin signaling, but much still remains to be elucidated regarding N deficiency in tomato. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate how low auxin sensitivity regulates the responses of tomato plants to N deficiency. For this purpose, we used the tomato diageotropica mutant, with low auxin sensitivity, and a near isogenic line cv. Micro-Tom grown in nutrient solutions under absence and presence of nitrogen. Plant height, stem diameter, root and shoot dry mass, area and root density, number of lateral roots, leaf area, chlorophylls and carotenoids content, nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen use efficiency were evaluated. We observed a clear interaction between the tomato genotype and nitrogen. When the plants were grown with nitrogen, ‘Micro-Tom’ showed higher growth than the diageotropica mutant. Under nitrogen deficiency condition, the mutant showed improved growth, nitrogen use efficiency and higher contents of pigments. In general, the low sensitivity to auxin in diageotropica caused reduced growth in both shoot and root. However, the diageotropica tomato showed a positive regulation of the nitrogen use efficiency under nitrogen deficiency. In general, our data revealed that the reduced sensitivity to auxin increased the adaptive capacity to the nitrogen deficiency.

Abstract in English:

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different crude glycerin levels in the diet of Nile tilapia fingerlings (mean initial weight 0.32 ± 0.06 g, n = 450) on growth performance parameters, whole-body composition, blood glucose and liver morphology. Crude glycerin was tested at six different levels (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20%) in diets containing 30% digestible protein and 3,000 kcal kg-1 digestible energy. After 37 days of feeding, the inclusion of crude glycerin resulted in positive effects on final weight, visceral fat, weight gain, feed conversion, specific growth rate and feed intake. The different treatments did not influence fillet yield, glycemia, survival and hepatosomatic index, but intermediate levels of inclusion decreased the area of hepatocytes. Regarding fish body composition, significant differences were found in moisture and ash contents, with no changes in crude protein and total lipid. The inclusion of crude glycerin in the Nile tilapia diet improves growth performance without negatively affecting survival rate and glycemia of fingerlings.

Abstract in English:

Abstract The Southwestern Region of the Brazilian Amazon is formed by forests dominated by bamboos. The genus Guadua is endemic to the Americas, and little is known about the genetic diversity and structure of species of this genus. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity and structure of two native Guadua species in natural populations in the Southwestern region of the Brazilian Amazon. Therefore, the genetic diversity and structure of Guadua aff. chaparensis and Guadua aff. lynnclarkiae were evaluated with the use of microsatellite molecular markers (SSR). It was verified that the average genetic diversity for the populations studied was considered high (H^e =0.5) compared to other species of bamboo. All populations had rare and private alleles, and none of them presented significant values of inbreeding. The populations were divergent (G^ST= 0.46), resulting in a low apparent gene flow. The Bayesian analysis showed that among the 350 individuals analyzed, five groups (K=5) were formed, with little similarity among the groups (Populations), although two of them presented clonal individuals. According to the results obtained, it can be conclude that populations should be treated as having unique characteristics, mainly when accessed for management and for in situ and ex situ conservation studies.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Biomass of Saccharomyces cerevisiae wasenhancedin rice polishing by fermentation to increase protein contents of feedfor its use in livestock. Broth culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2.6×108CFU/mL) was prepared from culture obtained by continuous streaking. The isolated culture was identified morphologically by Gram staining and confirmed by biochemical characteristics. Rice polishing was sieved to remove larger particles. Then it was distributed to 4 treatments in triplicates. Treatments were represented as rice polishing (RP), rice polishing plus Saccharomyces culture (RPSC), rice polishing plus ammonium sulphate (RPAS), rice polishing plus Saccharomyces culture plus ammonium sulphate (RPSCAS).Fermentation was provided for 144 hours at 320C,while samples were collected after every 24 hours. Samples were dried, ground and subjected to proximate analysis. It was observed that protein content was increased from 11% to 21.51% and maximum increment was obtained after 144 hours of incubation in RPSC treatment. Ether extract and ash were increased from 14% and 10% to 16.96% and 11.11% in RPSCAS respectively. A significant reduction in neutral detergent fiber was observed after fermentation. It is concluded that Saccharomyces cerevisiae has potential to improve mineral and protein contents of rice polishing by fermentation process with or without addition of nitrogen source.

Abstract in English:

Abstract The aims of this study were to identify floristic assemblages for alluvial forests in the Atlantic Forest and Pampa regions in Brazil, assess the level of floristic similarity between assemblages, and determine environmental gradients and indicator species for these assemblages. Surveys carried out in alluvial forests in the Atlantic Forest and Pampa regions were selected, based on which a presence/absence matrix was built for tree species. A cluster analysis was performed to verify the existence of species assemblages. Floristic similarity was determined by means of the Sorensen Distance measure, from which a dendrogram was developed. The floristic matrix was ordinated by means of NMDS. A PCA was performed with climatic data from areas to determine environmental gradients. An assessment of indicator species was carried out afterwards. Two groups of areas not related to the separation of the regions became visible from the dendrogram and were corroborated by NMDS. Temperature, rainfall and altitude gradients were synthesized by the PCA. Gymnanthes klotzschiana and Andira fraxinifolia were the most relevant species, respectively, in the Paraná-Uruguay and Atlantic assemblages. Alluvial forests were gradually separated in two floristic assemblages associated with river basins and migration routes, while especially influenced by tropicality and altitude gradients.

Abstract in English:

Abstract The aim was to evaluate the use of mixture of microencapsulated carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde as a replacement for growth-promoting antibiotics in broiler diets on performance, intestinal quality, organ development, carcass yields and cuts, and meat quality. In the trial were used 600 male chicks, allocated in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and eight replicates of 15 birds, reared up to 41 days of age. The treatments were: Negative Control (NC), Positive Control (PC) 30 mg/kg of virginiamycin, NC+100 mg/kg of essential oils, NC+200 mg/kg of essential oils and NC+400 mg/kg of essential oils. Essential oils were composed by a micro-encapsulated blend, with of 60% cinnamaldehyde, 30% carvacrol and 10% carrier. Birds received essential oils achieved performance equivalent to those birds received PC diets, having better development than NC broilers. No differences were found on relative organ weight, intestinal mucosa and meat quality parameters, however, higher villus:cript ratio was found in PC, NC+200 and NC+400 groups. Meat crude protein and yellowness were influenced by inclusion of carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde. It was concluded microencapsulated carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde can replace growth-promoting antibiotic in broiler diets, ensuring performance, intestinal integrity and broiler meat quality.

Abstract in English:

Abstract This paper aimed at to evaluate the qualitative effects of climatic seasonality in a subtropical lagoon, using Discriminant Analysis, as well to identify the most sensitive and responsible parameters for these changes. The Mirim Lagoon watershed is one of the main transboundary basins in South America and is of great economic importance for the region because its waters are used for irrigation of rice fields and for the potable water supply to populations close to it, in this way, these uses may affect the quality of the basin waters. The data used in the study were provided and collected by the Mirim Lagoon Development Agency. Water quality parameters were selected in a five-year database and submitted to statistical tests that demonstrated their distinctions throughout the climatic seasons. The results showed that the parameters temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen and total phosphorus differ statically between the four climatic seasons. Were also identified four discriminative parameters between the seasons, being them dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. In this way, it can be concluded that the seasonality mainly affects anthropogenic pollution sources such as agricultural activities and domestic discharges.

Abstract in English:

Abstract In this research, the trade-off between the number of restrictions and the robustness of the primary formulation of entropy models was evaluated. The performance of six hydrodynamic models in open channels was assessed based on 1730 Laser-Doppler anemometry data. It was investigated whether it is better to use an entropy-based model with more restrictions and a weak primary formulation or a model with fewer restrictions, but with a strong formulation. In addition, it was also investigated whether the model performance improves with the insertion of restrictions. Three of the investigated models have a weak formulation (open-channel velocity field represented by Cartesian coordinates); while the other three models have a strong formulation, according to which isovels are represented by curvilinear coordinates. The results indicated that models with two restrictions performed better than those with one restriction, since the additional restriction includes information relevant to the system. Models with three restrictions perform worse than those with two restrictions, because the information lost due to the use of a numerical solution was more substantial than the information gained by the third restriction. In conclusion, a strong primary formulation brought more information to the system than the inclusion of a third constraint.

Abstract in English:

Abstract The major impact in the clinical field is the harm posed by cancer. One most common type of cancer occurs in the skin. Though the conventionally existing modalities are successful in some cases, there is a need for new sensible methods to detect tumors at their initial stage. In accordance to these reasons and in addition to the incapability of the drugs to cross cellular barriers in skin the conventional administration methods are often compromised. To eradicate these problems the research work aims to develop the electrical analogue of skin involving layers like dermis, subcutaneous tissues, bones and muscular layers. The mathematical model has been developed to determine the electrical network of skin. The response of different skin layers are analyzed through simulation studies. It is observed that the cells present in each layer absorbs some amount of drug and let out the remaining to the neighboring layers. Further to minimize the diffusion rate of the drug a conventional controller has been incorporated and the results are analyzed by the contrast of the absorption and diffusion capacities for different layers of skin.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Activated biochars were prepared from residues of medium density fiberboard (MDF) produced by the furniture industry. Biomass residue was pre-treated with FeCl3 in two different FeCl3:biomass ratios (0.5:1 and 1:1, w/w) aiming to produce a matrix embedded with iron oxide. The pyrolysis process produced maghemite on the biochar surface and its magnetic properties were confirmed by its attraction to a hand magnet and its magnetic susceptibility. Samples were also characterized using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), surface area by BET-N2, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). Magnetic biochar exhibited up to twelve-fold higher surface area than the non-magnetic biochar, which varies according the maghemite particles content. Iron oxide on biochar surface also contributed for increasing CEC around ten-fold compared to non-magnetic biochars. Phosphorus adsorption isotherms showed that these magnetic biochars have high capacity to sorb oxyanions like phosphate, especially at lower pH. Thus, these magnetic biochars could be used to clean water bodies contaminated with oxyanions in acidic conditions.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Taste and odor compounds affect drinking water safety perception and may drive consumers to less secure water sources. Adsorption, using powered activated carbon, is the most common method to remove these compounds but greatly increases the amount of sludge generated. Another way of removing taste and odor compounds is to use filters with granular activated carbon (GAC) but little is still known on how to design them. In this work, the homogeneous surface diffusion model (HSDM) was used to model bench-scale kinetic and isotherm experiments and to simulate the removal of geosmin in a full-scale GAC filter. Geosmin adsorption isotherm was best described by the Freundlich model in all used carbons and film resistance (Kf) was more relevant to adsorption kinetics than pore diffusion (Ds). The simulation showed that in a filter with an empty bed contact time of 5 minutes and raw water with geosmin concentrations of 50, 75, and 100 ng.L-1, the effluent would exceed the trash-hold concentration (10 ng.L-1) in 98, 77, and 66 days, respectively, without considering biological removal.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Knowledge of particulate system properties is very important in various industrial instances and the possibility of fast predicting the behavior of such systems is an important control tool. The specific surface area of simulated particulate systems was studied as a function of the sharpness parameter of the size distribution of the Gates–Gaudin-Schumann, Gaudin–Meloy and Rosin–Rammler equations. The results showed good statistical adherence, especially the Rosin–Rammler equation, in situations where it is the best descriptor of particle size distribution.

Abstract in English:

Abstract This study investigated experimentally the air entrainment and pressure drop in low-cost ejectors composed of two pieces shaped from PVC bars inserted in a 25 mm T-junction of the same material. The hydraulic behavior was very similar for the different ejector designs, and linear relationships between the water and air flow rates were fitted. However, when a rotameter was installed at the air line, the head losses resulted in a pronounced decrease (3-fold) in the air entrainment rate. The maximum air-water entrainment ratios reached by the low-cost ejectors was 1.7, while the pressure drop was about 80% of the upstream pressure. The results suggest that these ejectors have a better benefit-cost ratio than conventional ones for applications such as aeration and mixing in reactors, tanks and water bodies. Comparing our results with those obtained previously by using water both as primary and suction fluids, it was shown that under gas-liquid flow conditions the entrainment ratio was about 2.5 times larger than that for the single-phase case, while the pressure drop was about 15% higher. This was attributed to the lower density of the air and the higher dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy due to bubble-liquid interactions in the two-phase flow case.

Abstract in English:

Abstract This paper presents a theoretical approach to complexity engineering by considering the complex thinking framework proposed by Edgar Morin. The main foundations of this approach are an open system design, emergence, randomness inclusion, and Gödel incompleteness, which are contextualized using real-word instructive problems. Considering these concepts, several conjectures related to engineering activity and engineering education are presented taking several Brazilian catastrophes as counterexamples.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Noise is one of the main physical agents in the rural work environment and it can be harmful to the health of workers exposed to it. Thus, research on the spatialization of noise emitted by agricultural machinery can help minimize harmful health effects. This study sets out to evaluate the spatial distribution of the noise emitted by an agricultural tractor with and without the activation of a rotary cutter. A wave model geostatistical analysis was used to identify healthy working zones according to current legislation. The experiment was carried out using a 75 hp tractor at 2000 rpm with the rotary cutter on the on and off modes. A digital sound level meter was used to register noise in a regular 2.0 x 2.0 m sample mesh within a 10-meter radius. The semivariogram was adjusted using the weighted least squares method, wave model and kriging interpolation to obtain the maps. The magnitude and spatial structure of the noise emitted by the tractor were identified. The results show that the equipment produced noise levels above the limits recommended by Brazilian regulatory standard NR 15. Thus, both the machine operator and the workers involved in the operation should use Personal Protective Equipment.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Two steps CrAlFeSi coating has been fabricated on low carbon steel via mechanical alloying methods and its oxidation properties have been elucidated thoroughly. First, Al coating was deposited on the low carbon steel substrate via mechanical alloying for 1 h. Afterward, CrAlFeSi coating was deposited on Al coating using the same technique for 2 h. The effect of annealing at 650 °C on the oxidation behavior of two steps CrAlFeSi coatings was examined thoroughly. The microstructure of the coating layer before and after annealing was relatively similar. Microholes and microcracks were found in the coating layer of the substrate before and after annealing. Intermetallic phases were observed in the samples along with the major elements. The mass gain after cyclic oxidation at 800 °C in the air atmosphere for a substrate with two coating layers reduced by a factor of 10 compared to the substrate without coating layer, which is likely due to the formation of Al2O3 on the outer layer during the oxidation process. The thin layer of Al2O3 protects the inner layer from severe oxidation. Therefore, the two steps coating of CrAlFeSi on the low carbon steel can be used as an alternative method for reducing the oxidation at high temperature.

Abstract in English:

Abstract This study was carried out to determine the volatile compounds from four samples of fresh wet noodles and the changes in the volatile compound composition during the storage process. The volatile compounds from four samples of fresh wet noodles were characterized by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS). The compositions of the volatile compounds varied among fresh and cooked wet noodles made from the raw potato/wheat flour or wheat flour. A total of 194 volatile compounds were detected in the raw potato noodles, main volatiles including aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, esters and organic acids. The total volatile compounds in the potato/wheat flour noodle samples contained mainly aldehyde compounds and were greater than those in the wheat noodles. The total volatile compounds in the cooked noodle samples were greater than those in raw noodle samples. Alcohols and ketones were the least common types of volatile substances in the samples at 0 h. During storage time, alcohols and ketones were increased in volatile substances, and the amount of acids increased dramatically. The results indicated that the aroma of fresh wet noodles was affected by the storage process.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Proper simulation of processes of the natural gas industry such as dehydration, liquefaction and regasification require accurate prediction of thermodynamic properties of the working fluids. For such processes, cubic equations of state are the calculation methods most frequently employed. Among them, the Peng-Robinson equation is usually the one recommended for gas, refinery and petrochemical applications in many simulators. Numerous works have been proposed in order to improve the temperature dependence relation of the attraction parameter of the equation – the so called alpha function. In this work, five currently available alpha functions are evaluated for the prediction of molar volumes and enthalpies of natural gas samples. Additionally, parameters of one of the models are readjusted to volumetric data of methane, in order to represent its supercritical behavior more accurately. Experimental data of 44 mixtures are compared with calculated results. Van der Waals mixing rules are used, with binary interaction parameters set as zero. In the case of the original alpha function, it is also tested how the inclusion of non-zero binary parameters affects the predictions. The extended Saffari-Zahedi model presents the smallest average deviation for the molar volumes (1.35%). For the enthalpy calculation, the inclusion of the binary parameters results in deviation values of 2.62% for gas-gas transitions and 4.44% for gas-liquid transitions.

Abstract in English:

Abstract Systems integration is critical to the engineering of successful complex products and systems. The Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) scale assists in making decisions about the infusion of new technologies into complex systems. This scale presents challenges to represent the integration between technologies in a system. The Integration Readiness Levels (IRL) scale aims to address these challenges. A good practice for objective technology readiness assessments is to rely on evidence-based documentation. The TRL scale shows the evidence required for each level of the scale and the appropriate types of documents to collect this evidence, while the IRL scale proposes only the necessary evidence for each level. This research proposes a set of information items to document the required evidence for each level of the IRL scale. The results show the main stages of investigation and the successful tests of the proposal in a case study with spacecraft developed in the binational program China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite (CBERS). This article contributes to the research in integration readiness assessments, aims to support professionals who carry out evidence-based evaluations and, consequently, may contribute to improving the accuracy of decision-making in the systems integration by using this scale.

Abstract in English:

Abstract The presence of acidic compounds as naphthenic acids in crude oil causes several problems for the petroleum industry, including corrosion in both upstream and downstream production processes. Based on this scenario, the main objective of this work was to investigate the removal of the acidic compound from two Brazilian heavy oils by adsorption processes using six potential adsorbents: powdered shale, activated carbon, bentonite, silica gel, powdered sandstone and powdered wood. These raw materials were previously characterized by conventional and surface analysis techniques, which show that they offer a good surface area and thermal stability. To evaluate the removal efficiency at the molecular level, the crude oil samples and the filtered oils were analyzed by negative electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry [ESI (-) FTICR MS]. The O2 class, which is related to the relatively high acidity of the samples, was the most abundant in both crude oil samples, moreover, this class was more retained by adsorbents. Silica gel, activated carbon and bentonite were the best adsorbents of acidic compounds from the tested oils, in agreement with their markedly higher surface area and porous volume. Additionally, a chromatographic analysis was performed and showed no changes in the oil profile.

Abstract in English:

Abstract This study aimed to propose a conceptual model of Identification of Organizational Decline, based on two indicators: Organizational Satisfaction Indicator and Financial Indicator. For the study, we used two bibliometric reviews, which, ultimately, associated the variables of the foundations of excellence in quality with organizational decline. As a result, we observed that the topic of organizational decline in companies has factors of managerial, physical, financial, and behavioral nature, and that their performances worsen by their lack of initiative in using the three planning processes (strategic planning, budget, and control) in a structured way. Regarding companies that seek excellence in quality, these concerns become increasing demands for their managers, who must develop responsible practices and tools to achieve a good performance, bearing in mind the constant search for satisfaction and retention of customers not only for the final product, but throughout the chain process. Thus, the literature on this topic is vast, and this study is justified because it notes a strong relationship between the lack of factors of excellence in management and organizational decline.