Microwave-assisted sintering of ceramic materials has proven to be a very favorable processing technique that can promote lower grain growth and densification with shorter dwell times. Hematite is considered a good microwave absorber due to its high loss tangent value, calculated in the range of 0.001 to 0.2 between room temperature and 750 ºC for 2.45 GHz1, thus showing good interaction with this electromagnetic radiation. However, there are few studies on grain growth kinetics of hematite during microwave sintering, as well as the relationship with grain growth parameters. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the heating rate and dwell time on grain growth kinetics, during microwave-assisted sintering (2.45 GHz) of hematite nanopowders. In an initial characterization, dilatometry tests were performed by conventional heating and microwave-assisted heating using the same heating rate (20 °C/min). From these results, the temperature ranges of the initial and intermediate stages of sintering and the onset of linear shrinkage were determined. Considering these results, the samples were sintered in a conventional oven from 750 ºC to 1200 ºC with increments of 50 ºC, varying the dwell time in 6, 12 and 36 minutes. Thus, the diffusional mechanism (N) could be calculated, a value used for the approximate calculation of microwave sintering kinetics. Additionally, sintering was performed in a microwave oven using three heating rates (20, 30 and 50 °C/min) to evaluate the effect of the heating rate on grain growth. The estimated activation energies for the grain growth process during microwave sintering were approximately 237.5 to 272.3kJ/mol, which were higher compared to conventional sintering, in the range of 206.0 to 242.0 kJ /mol. It was found that with increasing microwave heating rate, the activation energy for grain growth tends to be higher.

Abstract Sampling deep-sea biota is a significant challenge because of the logistics required, in terms of vessels and equipment, to obtain minimally preserved specimens. Traditional methods (trawls, nets, and dredges) cause physical damage, stress, and even contamination during the process of removal from the seabed and their displacement through the water column to the surface. Preserving conditions similar to those found in situ is particularly important when the sampling strives to maintain living organisms and for analyses where contamination or degradation by stress or damage may interfere with the results. Therefore, for the sampling and storage of this biota with less interference, a polypropylene box was designed based on the model of Kellogg et al. (2009) incorporating adaptations to be used by a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV). This new device has been successfully used in eight oceanographic campaigns, adequately performing for sediment and biota sampling, including coral reef forming or framework species (Scleractinia), octocorals, associated fauna, and rhodoliths, at depths between 50 and 900 m.

Abstract Spinal cord infarction is an uncommon phenomenon, which can be caused by different etiologies, constituting a real diagnostic challenge which can lead to devastating consequences. General anesthesia in beach chair positioning with intraoperative hypotension in order to avoid surgical bleeding are associated with hypoperfusion and potential neurological ischemia-related complications. We present a case of spinal cord ischemia in the context of shoulder surgery in a beach chair position. phenomenon etiologies consequences ischemiarelated related complications position

Resumen: Introducción: La difusión tecnológica del mercado de trabajo exige el desarrollo de habilidades y competencias diferenciadas de los enfermeros, para que puedan asumir nuevas responsabilidades gerenciales y organizacionales. Objetivo: Identificar instrumentos en la literatura para evaluar las habilidades necesarias para el liderazgo en enfermería. Método: Revisión integradora de la literatura que utilizó las bases Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) y Scopus. Resultados: 10 estudios fueron seleccionados en esta revisión, que identificaron los siguientes instrumentos: escala Ambulance Nurse Competence (ANC); Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI); Clinical Leadership Needs Analysis (CLeeNA) Instrument; Cotter Preceptor Selection Instrument (CPSI); Performace Evaluation Tool; Leadership and Management Inventory; Advanced Practice Nursing Competency Assessment Instrument (APNCAI); Kuopio University Hospital Transformational Leadership Scale (KUHTLS); Multisource Feedback (MSF) y un instrumento que consiste en constructos para la capacitación en conductas de comunicación de los líderes de enfermería, cuyo título no fue informado por los autores. Conclusión: Esta revisión integradora de la literatura identificó diez instrumentos para evaluar las competencias esenciales para el liderazgo en enfermería. La comunicación fue identificada como una de las principales competencias alineadas con el rol de gerente. La toma de decisiones, las habilidades sociales, el manejo de equipos, la información actualizada y la gestión estratégica y financiera son elementos de suma importancia en el ejercicio gerencial y asistencial del enfermero, para que se establezca una relación armoniosa entre los líderes y quienes son conducidos en el proceso de trabajo.

Abstract: Introduction: The technological spread of the job market requires the development of differentiated skills and competences of nurses, so that they can assume new managerial and organizational responsibilities. Objective: to identify instruments in the literature to assess the skills necessary for leadership in nursing. Method: an integrative literature review which used the bases Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Scopus. Results: 10 studies were selected in this review, which identified the following instruments: Ambulance Nurse Competence (ANC) scale; Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI); Clinical Leadership Needs Analysis (CLeeNA) Instrument; Cotter Preceptor Selection Instrument (CPSI); Performance Evaluation Tool; Leadership and Management Inventory; Advanced Practice Nursing Competency Assessment Instrument (APNCAI); Kuopio University Hospital Transformational Leadership Scale (KUHTLS); Multisource Feedback (MSF), and an instrument whose title was not informed by the authors, consisting of constructs to enable nursing leader communication behaviors. Conclusion: This integrative literature review identified ten instruments to assess essential competencies for leadership in nursing. Communication was identified as one of the main competencies aligned with the role of manager. Decision making, social skills, team management, up-to-date information, strategic and financial management are extremely important elements in the nurse's managerial and care exercise, so that a harmonious relationship is established between leaders and those who are led in the job process. Objective: to identify instruments in the literature to assess the skills necessary for leadership in nursing. Method: integrative literature review which used the bases Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Scopus. Results: 10 studies were selected in this review, which identified the following instruments: Ambulance Nurse Competence (ANC) scale; Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI); Clinical Leadership Needs Analysis (CLeeNA) Instrument; Cotter Preceptor Selection Instrument (CPSI); Performance Evaluation Tool; Leadership and Management Inventory; Advanced Practice Nursing Competency Assessment Instrument (APNCAI); Kuopio University Hospital Transformational Leadership Scale (KUHTLS); Multisource Feedback (MSF) is an instrument whose title was not informed by the authors, consisting of constructs to enable nursing leader communication behaviors. Conclusion: This integrative literature review identified ten instruments to assess essential competencies for leadership in nursing. Communication was identified as one of the main competencies aligned with the role of manager. Decision making, social skills, team management, up-to-date information, strategic and financial management are extremely important elements in the nurse's managerial and care exercise, so that a harmonious relationship is established between leaders and those who are led in the process of the job.

Resumo: Introdução: A difusão tecnológica do mercado de trabalho exige o desenvolvimento de habilidades e competências diferenciadas dos enfermeiros, para que estes possam assumir novas responsabilidades gerenciais e organizacionais. Objetivo: Identificar na literatura instrumentos para avaliação das competências necessárias à liderança em enfermagem. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura, a qual utilizou as bases Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) e Scopus. Resultados: Foram selecionados 10 estudos nesta revisão os quais identificaram os seguintes instrumentos: Ambulance Nurse Competence (ANC) scale; Leadership Practives Inventory (LPI); Clinical Leadership Needs Analysis (CLeeNA) Instrument; Cotter Preceptor Selection Instrument (CPSI); Performace Evaluation Tool; Leadership and Management Inventory; Advanced Practice Nursing Competency Assessment Instrument (APNCAI); Kuopio University Hospital Transformational Leadership Scale (KUHTLS); Multisource Feedback (MSF) e um instrumento constituído por construtos para capacitar sobre os comportamentos de comunicação dos líderes em enfermagem, cujo título não foi informado pelos autores. Conclusão: Esta revisão integrativa da literatura identificou dez instrumentos para avaliar as competências essenciais à liderança em enfermagem. A comunicação foi identificada como uma das principais competências alinhada ao papel de gestor. A tomada de decisão, a habilidade social, o gerenciamento da equipe, a informação atualizada e a gestão estratégica e financeira são elementos de suma importância no exercício gerencial e assistencial do enfermeiro, para que se estabeleça uma relação harmônica entre os líderes e os liderados no processo de trabalho.

Resumo Objetivo Estimar a prevalência de níveis inadequados de vitamina D e seus fatores associados para mulheres em idade fértil no Brasil. Métodos Uma revisão sistemática foi realizada (última atualização em maio de 2020). As meta-análises foram realizadas usando o inverso da variância para o modelo fixo com cálculo de proporção sumarizada por transformação arco-seno duplo de Freeman-Tukey. A qualidade metodológica e de reporte foi avaliada usando a ferramenta do Joanna Briggs Institute para estudos de prevalência. Resultados Nossa revisão identificou 31 estudos, compreendendo 4.006 participantes. Todos os estudos apresentaram pelo menos uma limitação, principalmente devido ao uso de amostra de conveniência e tamanho amostral pequeno. As prevalências gerais de deficiência, insuficiência e deficiência de vitamina D foram 35% (intervalo de confiança, IC 95%: 34-37%), 42% (IC 95%: 41-44%) e 72% (IC 95%: 71-74%), respectivamente. Conclusão Embora a magnitude da prevalência de níveis inadequados de vitamina D seja incerta, a evidência sugere que presença de deficiência ou insuficiência de vitamina D em mulheres em idade reprodutiva pode causar problemas moderados a graves.

Abstract Objective To estimate the prevalence of inadequate vitamin D level and its associated factors for women of childbearing age in Brazil. Methods A systematic reviewwas conducted (last updatedMay 2020).Meta-analyses were performed using the inverse-variance for fixed models with summary proportion calculation by Freeman-Tukey double arcsine. Reporting and methodological quality were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool for prevalence studies. Results Our review identified 31 studies, comprising 4,006 participants. All the studies had at least one weakness, mainly due to the use of convenience sampling and small sample size. The overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, and both deficiency and insufficiency were 35% (confidence interval, 95%CI: 34-37%), 42% (95%CI: 41-44%), and 72% (95%CI: 71-74%), respectively. Conclusion Although the magnitude of the prevalence of inadequate levels of vitamin D is uncertain, the evidence suggests that presence of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency in women of reproductive age can cause moderate to severe problems.

RESUMO Objetivo: as recomendações das decisões em Tumor Board (TB) deveriam ser acompanhadas para identificar barreiras que possam interferir na execução do melhor cuidado para o paciente decidido previamente. O objetivo do estudo é avaliar se a decisão de conduta em TB foi realizada em pacientes com tumores pancreáticos, o status de vida 90 dias após TB e analisar os motivos pelos quais a conduta não foi realizada. Métodos: estudo retrospectivo com pacientes com tumores de pâncreas, avaliados entre 2017 a 2019. Dados epidemiológicos, se a conduta de TB foi realizada, o motivo da não realização, o status de vida em 90 dias após decisão de TB e quantas vezes cada paciente foi discutido em reunião foram coletados. As variáveis categóricas foram comparadas pelo teste de qui-quadrado; variáveis numéricas foram apresentadas como médias e desvio padrão. Resultados: 111 casos, 95 pacientes, 86 (90,5%) com diagnóstico de câncer. Após 90 dias de TB, 83 pacientes (87,37%) permaneceram vivos, 9 pacientes (9,47%) faleceram e 3 (3,16%) perderam o seguimento. A conduta do TB não foi realizada em 12 (10,8%) dos casos e os motivos foram: 25% (3) por perda de seguimento, 8,33% (1) por recusa do paciente e 66,67% (8) devido à piora clínica. Os casos de pacientes com metástases tiveram menor execução de conduta de TB (p=0,006). Conclusões: a conduta do TB é realizada na maior parte dos casos e o motivo mais evidente para o não cumprimento das condutas é a piora clínica do paciente.

ABSTRACT Objective: the recommendations of the decisions made by the Tumor Board (TB) should be followed to identify barriers that may interfere with the execution of the previously decided, best care for the patient. The aim of this study is to assess whether the TB conduct decision was performed in patients with pancreatic tumors, their life status 90 days after the TB decision, and to analyze the reasons why the conduct was not performed. Methods: we conducted a retrospective study with patients with pancreas tumors, evaluated between 2017 and 2019. We collected data on epidemiological status, whether the TB procedure was performed, the reason for not performing it, life status 90 days after the TB decision, and how many times each patient was discussed at a meeting. We compared categorical variables using the chi square test, numerical variables were presented as means and standard deviation. Results: we studied 111 session cases, in 95 patients, 86 (90.5%) diagnosed with cancer. After 90 days of TB, 83 patients (87.37%) remained alive, 9 had (9.47%) died, and 3 (3.16%) were lost to follow-up. The TB decision was not observed in 12 (10.8%) cases and the reasons were: 25% (3) for loss of follow-up, 8.33% (1) for patient refusal, and 66.67% (8) due to clinical worsening. The cases of patients with metastases had a lower rate of TB conduct compliance (p=0.006). Conclusions: the TB conduct was performed in most cases and the most evident reason for non-compliance with the conducts is the patient’s clinical worsening.

Resumo Apesar dos ecossistemas de manguezais serem amparados por diversas legislações ambientais, ainda sofrem com os impactos do descarte inadequado dos resíduos sólidos. Este estudo tem como objetivo refletir, utilizando imagens fotográficas, acerca da problemática da produção de resíduos sólidos urbanos e do seu descarte em áreas de manguezais, tendo em vista diagnosticar ações necessárias de Educação Ambiental para o cuidado e a conservação de ecossistemas. A pesquisa transcorreu segundo o método fenomenológico, que busca desvelar aspectos mais profundos do contexto e que possibilitou aos pesquisadores terem uma melhor compreensão sobre a experiência vivenciada. A técnica utilizada para tal foi a captura de imagens. Os conceitos pesquisados contribuíram para a discussão sobre impactos negativos provocados pelo descarte de alguns tipos de resíduos ocorridos no manguezal. Conclui-se que a fotografia, como meio de diagnóstico, possibilitou outro olhar para as questões ambientais.

Abstract Although mangrove ecosystems are supported by various environmental legislations, they still suffer from improper disposal of solid waste. This study aims to reflect, using photographic images, on the problem of urban solid waste production and its disposal in mangrove areas, with a view to diagnosing necessary environmental education actions for the conservation of ecosystems. The research took place according to the phenomenological method, which seeks to reveal deeper aspects of the context and allowed researchers to have a better understanding of the lived experience. The technique used was the image capture. The concepts studied contributed to the discussion of negative impacts caused in the mangrove by the disposal of some types of waste. It was concluded that photography, as a means of diagnosis, allowed another look at environmental issues.

Resumen Los ecosistemas de manglares están respaldados por diversas legislaciones ambientales, pero sufren por la eliminación inadecuada de desechos sólidos. Este estudio tiene como objetivo reflexionar, a través de imágenes fotográficas, sobre la problemática de la producción de residuos sólidos urbanos y su disposición en áreas de manglares, con miras a diagnosticar acciones de Educación Ambiental necesarias para el cuidado y conservación de los ecosistemas. La investigación se llevó a cabo de acuerdo con el método fenomenológico, que busca revelar aspectos más profundos del contexto y permitió a los investigadores tener una mejor comprensión de la experiencia vivida. La técnica utilizada fue la captura de imágenes. Los conceptos estudiados contribuyeron a la discusión de los impactos negativos causados en el manglar por la disposición de algunos tipos de desechos. Se concluye que la fotografía, como medio de diagnóstico, permitió otra mirada a la problemática ambiental.

RESUMO Objetivo: Construir e validar três cenários clínicos para capacitação de cuidadores informais de pessoas dependentes. Métodos: Estudo metodológico, realizado entre janeiro e agosto de 2021, em um município no noroeste do estado do Paraná. Foi desenvolvido em duas etapas: construção dos cenários; e validação do conteúdo por experts (n = 12). Para estimar o grau de concordância entre os juízes, utilizou-se o índice de validade de conteúdo, e considerou-se o valor de 80% como uma taxa aceitável de concordância. Resultados: Os cenários de simulação mostraram-se apropriados, obtendo valor médio de 91,6%. No entanto, foram feitos alguns ajustes em sua organização no que tange à clareza na redação das orientações, conforme sugestão dos juízes. Conclusões: A construção e validação dos cenários clínicos mostraram-se adequadas e relevantes, de modo que eles podem ser utilizados na capacitação de cuidadores informais de pessoas dependentes.

ABSTRACT Objective: To construct and validate three clinical scenarios for training dependent persons’ informal caregivers. Methods: Methodological study, conducted between January and August 2021, in a municipality in the northwest of the state of Paraná. It was developed in two stages: construction of scenarios; and content validation by experts (n = 12). To estimate the degree of agreement between the experts, the content validity index was used, and 80% was considered an acceptable rate of agreement. Results: The simulation scenarios proved appropriate, obtaining an average value of 91.6%. However, some adjustments were made in their organization pertaining clarity in the wording of guidelines, as suggested by the expert validators. Conclusions: The construction and validation of the clinical scenarios proved to be adequate and relevant for use in the training of informal caregivers of dependent persons.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Construir y validar tres escenarios clínicos para capacitación de cuidadores informales de personas dependientes. Métodos: Estudio metodológico, realizado entre enero y agosto de 2021, en un municipio en el noroeste de Paraná. Fue desarrollado en dos etapas: construcción de los escenarios; y validez de contenido por expertos (n = 12). Para estimar el grado de concordancia entre los jueces, se utilizó el índice de validez de contenido, y se consideró el valor de 80% como una tasa aceptable de concordancia. Resultados: Los escenarios de simulación se mostraron apropiados, obteniendo valor mediano de 91,6%. Sin embargo, fueron hechos algunos ajustes en su organización en lo que tange a la claridad en la redacción de las orientaciones, conforme sugestión de los jueces. Conclusiones: La construcción y validación de los escenarios clínicos se mostraron adecuadas y relevantes, de modo que pueden ser utilizados en la capacitación de cuidadores informales de personas dependientes.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Despite the several options available for supplements containing vitamins C and E, evidence regarding the prevalence of deficiency or insufficiency of these vitamins is weak. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of deficiency or insufficiency of vitamins C and E and associated factors among women of childbearing age, in Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review and meta-analysis conducted at a Brazilian public university. METHODS: A search from index inception until May 2020 was conducted. Meta-analyses were performed using inverse variance for fixed models, with summary proportions calculation using Freeman-Tukey double arcsine (base case). Reporting and methodological quality were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool for prevalence studies. RESULTS: Our review identified 12 studies, comprising 1,316 participants, especially breastfeeding women. There was at least one quality weakness in all studies, mainly regarding sampling method (i.e. convenience sampling) and small sample size. The prevalence of vitamin C deficiency ranged from 0% to 40%. Only vitamin E deficiency was synthetized in meta-analyses, with mean prevalences of 6% regardless of the alpha-tocopherol cutoff in plasma, and 5% and 16% for cutoffs of < 1.6-12.0 mmol/l and < 16.2 mmol/l, respectively. The cumulative meta-analysis suggested that a trend to lower prevalence of vitamin E deficiency occurred in recent studies. CONCLUSIONS: Although the studies identified in this systematic review had poor methodological and reporting quality, mild-moderate vitamin C and E deficiencies were identified, especially in breastfeeding women. Thus, designing and implementing policies does not seem to be a priority, because the need has not been properly dimensioned among women of childbearing age in Brazil. REGISTRATION NUMBER IN PROSPERO: CRD42020221605.

ABSTRACT We present an interdisciplinary study regarding the Mishma archaeological site and its surroundings (bolsón de Fiambalá) whose purpose is to understand late Holocene environmentalchanges. Its objective is to present the main physical landscape shaping agents and to discusstheir impact on the productive populations that inhabited this area and itspreservation over time.Information from field surveys, meteorological data, deposit assessment, satellite cartographyand drone images analyses is articulated. Our analysis determines that during the pre-Hispanicoccupation, environmental conditions were different from the present-day, in which the wind isone of the main landscape-shaping agents. We consider the sixteenth century to be the period ofchange; previously, fluvial action caused an incision of the main channel of the Apocango Riverrelated to changes in the basin base level.

RESUMEN Se presenta un estudio interdisciplinario en la localidad arqueológica de Mishma y su entorno (bolsón de Fiambalá), enfocado en tratar de entender las variaciones ambientales durante el Holoceno tardío. Los objetivos son presentar los principales agentes formadores del paisajefísico y discutir el impacto que tuvo en las poblaciones productivas que habitaron esos espaciosy su preservación en el tiempo. Se articula información de relevamientos en terreno, análisis decartografía satelital e imágenes obtenidas por drone, datos meteorológicos y el estudio de losdepósitos. El análisis permite establecer que durante la ocupación prehispánica las condicionesambientales eran distintas a las actuales en las cuales el agente eólico es uno de los principalesmodeladores del paisaje. El siglo XVI se interpreta como el período de cambio, previamente, laacción fluvial provocó la incisión del cauce principal del río Apocango relacionada con cambiosen el nivel de base de la cuenca.

Resumen Antecedentes: A pesar de las políticas actuales de yodación de la sal, la deficiencia de yodo sigue siendo un problema de salud pública mundial, especialmente en las mujeres. Hasta ahora, se han sugerido pruebas contradictorias sobre la prevalencia de la deficiencia de yodo en Brasil. Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de deficiencia de yodo y factores asociados en mujeres en edad fértil, en Brasil. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática, buscando en PubMed, LILACS, OMS, Scopus y la base de datos de disertaciones y tesis de Capes desde el inicio hasta mayo de 2020. Se realizaron metanálisis de proporciones utilizando la variancia inversa para el modelo fijo. La calidad de información y metodológica se evaluó utilizando la herramienta del Institute Joanna Briggs para estudios de prevalencia. Resultados: Nuestra revisión identificó siete estudios publicados entre 2002 y 2017, incluyendo 1354 participantes, especialmente mujeres embarazadas. Todos los estudios presentaron al menos una limitación de calidad, principalmente con respecto al método de muestreo (es decir, la conveniencia) y el pequeño tamaño de la muestra. La prevalencia de la deficiencia de yodo varió entre los estudios del 16% y el 62%, mientras que el metanálisis identificó una prevalencia media del 40% (intervalo de confianza del 95%, IC 37%-43%) para las mujeres embarazadas y del 13% (IC del 95% 4%-24%) para mujeres no embarazadas. El metanálisis acumulativo sugiere una tendencia a una mayor prevalencia de deficiencia de yodo a partir de 2018 en mujeres embarazadas. Conclusiones: Si bien esta revisión sistemática identificó estudios con mala calidad metodológica y de reporte, se identificó una alta prevalencia de deficiencia de yodo en mujeres embarazadas, lo que refuerza la importancia de las políticas nutricionales nacionales para monitorear el estado de yodo en esta población. Los estudios futuros deben considerar el muestreo probabilístico aleatorio, el tamaño de muestra apropiado y el análisis de subgrupos predefinidos para informar adecuadamente la prevalencia de la deficiencia de yodo y los factores asociados en mujeres en edad fértil y para respaldar las políticas de salud.

Abstract Background: Despite current policies of salt iodination, iodine deficiency is still a global public health problem, especially in women. So far, conflicting evidence has been suggested for the prevalence of iodine deficiency in Brazil. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of iodine deficiency and associated factors in women of childbearing age in Brazil. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using databases (PubMed, LILACS, WHO, Scopus, and Capes’ dissertation and thesis), from inception to May 2020. Meta-analyses of proportions were performed using the variance inverse for the fixed model. Reporting and methodological quality were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool to prevalence studies. Results: Our review identified seven studies published between 2002 e 2017, including 1354 participants, especially pregnant women. All studies presented at least one quality limitation, mainly regarding the sampling method (i.e., convenience) and small sample size. The prevalence of iodine deficiency ranged among studies from 16% to 62%. In contrast, the meta-analysis identified a mean prevalence of 40% (95% confidence interval, CI 37%-43%) for pregnant women and 13% (95% CI 4%-24%) for non-pregnant women. Cumulative meta-analysis suggests a tendency of higher iodine deficiency prevalence from 2018 in pregnant women. Conclusions: Although this systematic review identified studies with poor methodological and reporting quality, a high prevalence of iodine deficiency was identified in pregnant women, reinforcing the importance of national nutritional policies for monitoring iodine status in this population. Future studies should consider random probabilistic sampling, appropriate sample size, and pre-defined subgroup analysis to adequately inform the prevalence of iodine deficiency and associated factors in women of childbearing age and support health policies.

Resumen: Introducción: El recorrido de historia de la enfermería desde una perspectiva de género permite comprender la vinculación de la enfermería con la figura femenina a través del tiempo y el progreso que experimentaron durante la primera mitad del siglo XX. En el marco teórico se establecen las bases del trabajo para llegar a comprender la importancia del movimiento feminista y su influencia en las leyes contra la discriminación por razones de género, estableciendo un enlace con la figura de la enfermera. Objetivos: Describir el proceso de la creación del título de Enfermería en España (1915) desde una perspectiva de género. Metodología: El presente estudio es una revisión histórico-narrativa realizada en tres fases y consultando las principales bases de datos como Dialnet, SciELO, MEDLINE/Pubmed, SciELO, CINAHL, CUIDEN, ScienceDirect. Resultados: El avance de la profesión enfermera se produce por el paso del ámbito doméstico al ámbito hospitalario desde el reconocimiento legal y científico. Gracias a la implicación de la Congregación de las Siervas de María en mayo de 1915 se reconoció la actividad profesional creándose el título oficial de Enfermería en España. Conclusiones: Este trabajo refleja las dificultades que supone traspasar las barreras de las mentalidades que componen a la sociedad y la falta de cambios a niveles políticos transversales a la sociedad y la cultura, dando así importancia a la investigación cualitativa para dejar reflejado estos hechos.

Abstract: Introduction: A journey through the history of nursing from a gender perspective allows us to understand the link between nursing and the female figure over time and the progress experienced during the first half of the twentieth century. The theoretical framework establishes the basis of the work in order to understand the importance of the feminist movement and its influence on laws against gender discrimination, establishing a link with the figure of the nurse. Objectives: To describe the process of the creation of the Nursing degree in Spain (1915) from a gender perspective. Methodology: This study is a historical-narrative review carried out in three phases and consulting the main databases such as Dialnet, SciELO, MEDLINE/PubMed, SciELO, CINAHL, CUIDEN, ScienceDirect. Results: The advancement of the nursing profession is produced by the passage from the domestic sphere to the hospital sphere from the legal and scientific recognition. Thanks to the involvement of the Congregation of the Servants of Mary in May 1915, the professional activity was recognised and the official title of Nursing was created in Spain. Conclusions: This work reflects the difficulties involved in overcoming the barriers of mentalities that make up society and the lack of changes at transversal political levels in society and culture, thus giving importance to qualitative research in order to reflect these facts.

RESUMO Objetivo: investigar a associação entre o workaholism e a qualidade de vida em docentes de pós-graduação stricto sensu em Enfermagem. Métodos: estudo transversal desenvolvido com 333 docentes atuantes nos Programas de Pós-Graduação de universidades públicas brasileiras. A coleta de dados ocorreu no segundo semestre de 2018, por um formulário eletrônico contendo questionário de caracterização, a Dutch Work Addiction Scale e o World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument-BREF. Os dados foram analisados por regressão logística univariada e múltipla. Resultados: observou-se que 82,3% dos docentes referiram baixa qualidade de vida geral, 19,5% alto nível de trabalho excessivo e 20,1% mencionaram trabalho compulsivo. Os docentes que trabalhavam compulsiva e excessivamente apresentaram menores chances de alta qualidade de vida nos domínios overall, físico, psicológico, relações sociais e ambiente (p<0,05). Conclusões: as altas demandas de trabalho características do processo de trabalho dos docentes stricto sensu estão associadas diretamente à baixa qualidade de vida.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to investigate the association between workaholism and quality of life in stricto sensu graduate professors in Nursing. Methods: a cross-sectional study developed with a total of 333 professors working in the Graduate Programs of Brazilian public universities. Data collection took place in the second semester of 2018, using an electronic form containing a characterization questionnaire, the Dutch Work Addiction Scale and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument-BREF. The data were analyzed by univariate and multiple logistic regression. Results: it was observed that 82.3% of the professors reported low general quality of life and 19.5%, high level of excessive work and 20.1% of compulsive work. Professors who worked compulsively and excessively were less likely to have a high quality of life in the overall, physical, psychological, social relations and environment domains (p<0.05). Conclusions: the high work demands that are characteristic of the stricto sensu professors’ work process are directly associated with low quality of life.

RESUMEN Objetivo: investigar la asociación entre la adicción al trabajo y la calidad de vida de profesores de posgrado stricto sensu en Enfermería. Métodos: se trata de un estudio transversal, desarrollado con 333 profesores que trabajan en programas de posgrado de universidades públicas brasileñas. La recolección de datos tuvo lugar en el segundo semestre de 2018 mediante un formulario electrónico que contenía un cuestionario de caracterización, según la Escala Holandesa de Adicción al Trabajo y el Instrumento de Calidad de Vida de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (BREF). Los datos se analizaron con regresión logística univariante y múltiple. Resultados: se observó que el 82,3% de los docentes mencionó una baja calidad de vida en general, el 19,5% un nivel alto de trabajo excesivo y el 20,1% comentó sobre trabajo compulsivo. Los profesores que trabajaban compulsivamente y en exceso presentaron menos posibilidades de tener calidad de vida alta en el ámbito general, físico, psicológico, de las relaciones sociales y del entorno (p<0,05). Conclusiones: las grandes demandas laborales típicas del proceso de trabajo de los docentes stricto sensu están directamente relacionadas a una calidad de vida baja.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar as evidências científicas disponíveis na literatura sobre indicadores hospitalares após a implantação de estratégias de regulação de leitos. Métodos: revisão integrativa realizada com estudos disponíveis em cinco bases de dados e no banco de referências do Núcleo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Gestão de Serviços de Enfermagem em outubro de 2019. Utilizaram-se como critérios de inclusão artigos sobre gestão de leitos hospitalares, disponíveis na íntegra nos idiomas inglês, espanhol ou português, sem delimitação temporal. Resultados: encontraram-se 1.118 artigos elegíveis, desses, 37 apresentavam-se duplicados. Dentre 1.081 estudos pré-selecionados, 112 estudos eram elegíveis, sendo incluídos 11 artigos. Seis estudos abordavam os serviços de emergência. Três abordavam os indicadores hospitalares em geral; outro tinha como foco uma enfermaria psiquiátrica; um analisou os indicadores de dois hospitais administrados distintamente. Conclusões: o foco dos estudos concentra-se nos serviços de emergência, demonstrando a importância da organização desses serviços para as instituições de saúde.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the scientific evidence available in literature on hospital indicators after implementation of bed regulation strategies. Methods: this is an integrative review conducted with studies available in five databases and in the reference database of the Center for Study and Research in Nursing Services Management in October 2019. Articles on hospital bed management, available in full in English, Spanish or Portuguese, without temporal delimitation were included. Results: 1,118 eligible articles were found, of which 37 were duplicated. Among 1,081 pre-selected studies, 112 studies were eligible and 11 articles were included. Six studies addressed the emergency services. Three addressed hospital indicators in general, another focused on a psychiatric ward and one analyzed the indicators of two hospitals administered differently. Conclusions: the studies focused on emergency services, demonstrating the importance of organizing these services for health institutions.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar la evidencia científica disponible en la literatura sobre indicadores hospitalarios tras la implementación de estrategias de regulación de camas. Métodos: revisión integradora realizada con estudios disponibles en cinco bases de datos y en la base de datos de referencia del Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones en Gestión de Servicios de Enfermería en octubre de 2019. Los criterios de inclusión fueron artículos sobre manejo de camas hospitalarias, disponibles íntegramente en inglés, español o portugués, sin límite de tiempo. Resultados: se encontraron 1.118 artículos elegibles, de los cuales 37 fueron duplicados. Entre 1.081 estudios preseleccionados, 112 estudios fueron elegibles, incluidos 11 artículos. Seis estudios abordaron los servicios de emergencia. Tres indicadores hospitalarios abordados en general; otro centrado en un pabellón psiquiátrico; uno analizó los indicadores de dos hospitales administrados por separado. Conclusiones: el enfoque de los estudios está en los servicios de emergencia, lo que demuestra la importancia de organizar estos servicios para las instituciones de salud.

Resumo Objetivo Descrever como gestores de serviços de diferentes níveis de atenção à saúde utilizam o aplicativo WhatsApp® na sua atuação profissional. Métodos Estudo qualitativo, do tipo descritivo, desenvolvido por entrevistas semi-estruturadas, realizadas com 14 profissionais gestores de serviços de saúde, de um município localizado no Norte do estado do Paraná, Brasil. Para análise dos dados foi utilizado o software IRAMUTEQ, pelo método de Classificação Hierárquica Descendente. Os componentes principais de cada classe foram analisados a partir de um referencial teórico de comunicação. Resultados A partir das respostas dos participantes, o corpus textual foi dividido em seis classes, respectivamente: a desconfiança do emissor sobre o uso da informação enviada; o impacto da agilidade e resolutividade na jornada de trabalho dos gestores; o uso do WhatsApp® como estratégia de integração dos serviços e profissionais envolvidos na gestão do serviço; a utilidade do WhatsApp® como ferramenta gerencial; as principais potencialidades e fragilidades no uso do WhatsApp® e a percepção da utilidade do aplicativo em decisões que influenciam o processo de trabalho. Conclusão O estudo descreveu como os gestores de serviços de saúde utilizam o WhatsApp® na sua atuação profissional, evidenciando a importância do aplicativo enquanto ferramenta estratégica na gestão dos serviços de saúde, a partir do compartilhamento e integração de informações em tempo real.

Abstract Objective To describe how service managers of different levels of health care use the WhatsApp® application in their professional practice. Methods Qualitative, descriptive study developed by means of semi-structured interviews conducted with 14 health care management professionals from a municipality located in the north of the state of Paraná, Brazil. The IRAMUTEQ software was used for data analysis through the Descending Hierarchical Classification method. The main components of each class were analyzed based on a theoretical framework of communication. Results Based on participants’ responses, the textual corpus was divided into the following six classes: the sender’s mistrust in the use of the information sent; the impact of agility and resoluteness on managers’ working hours; the use of WhatsApp® as a strategy for integrating services and professionals involved in service management; the utility of WhatsApp® as a management tool; the main strengths and weaknesses in the use of WhatsApp®; and perception of the application utility in decisions that influence the work process. Conclusion The study described how health care managers use WhatsApp® in their professional practice, highlighting the importance of the application as a strategic tool in health care management, from real-time sharing and integration of information.

Resumen Objetivo Describir de qué forma los administradores de servicios de diferentes niveles de atención en salud utilizan la aplicación WhatsApp® en su trabajo profesional. Métodos Estudio cualitativo, tipo descriptivo, llevado a cabo mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, realizadas a 14 profesionales administradores de servicios de salud de un municipio ubicado al norte del estado de Paraná, Brasil. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó el software IRAMUTEQ, con el método de clasificación jerárquica descendiente. Los componentes principales de cada clase fueron analizados a partir de un marco referencial teórico de comunicación. Resultados A partir de las respuestas de los participantes, se dividió el corpus textual en seis clases, a saber: la desconfianza del emisor sobre el uso de la información enviada; el impacto de la agilidad y resolución en la jornada de trabajo de los administradores; el uso del WhatsApp® como estrategia de integración de los servicios y profesionales involucrados en la gestión del servicio; la utilidad del WhatsApp® como herramienta administrativa; las principales posibilidades y fragilidades del uso de WhatsApp®, y la percepción de la utilidad de la aplicación en decisiones que influyen en el proceso de trabajo. Conclusión El estudio describió de qué forma los administradores de servicios de salud usan el WhatsApp® en su trabajo profesional y demostró la importancia de la aplicación como herramienta estratégica para la gestión de servicios de salud, a partir de la posibilidad de compartir e integrar información en tiempo real.