RESUMO A estimulação elétrica neuromuscular transcutânea (EENM) é considerada uma importante ferramenta para prevenir a perda de força e massa muscular em pacientes internados em unidades de terapia intensiva (UTIs). Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil e conhecimento dos fisioterapeutas sobre a EENM e identificar as principais barreiras para sua utilização na UTI. Foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal, por meio de um questionário estruturado elaborado pelos autores. O questionário foi composto por 12 questões objetivas que visavam analisar o nível de conhecimento dos fisioterapeutas sobre o uso da EENM em pacientes críticos. Os fisioterapeutas foram convidados a participar do estudo durante um simpósio internacional sobre EENM. Cinquenta e seis fisioterapeutas completaram a pesquisa, a média de idade foi de 33,5±7,2 anos e o tempo médio de graduação de 9,7±7 anos. Trinta e quatro entrevistados trabalhavam na UTI, e destes apenas 4 (12%) relataram que a EENM era realizada rotineiramente em suas UTIs. Observou-se baixo nível de conhecimento sobre o uso da EENM em pacientes críticos no questionário, com média de 25% de acertos (3/12). Ao comparar os fisioterapeutas especialistas e não especialistas, o número de acertos não foi estatisticamente significativo (p=0,68). As principais barreiras relatadas para a utilização da técnica foram a falta de conhecimento 28 (50%) e a falta de equipamentos 24 (43%). Os entrevistados demonstraram que a EENM tem sido subutilizada em suas UTIs.

ABSTRACT Transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is considered an important tool to prevent muscle mass and strength loss in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU). This study aimed to evaluate physical therapists’ profile and knowledge of NMES and identify the main barriers to its use in ICUs. This observational cross-sectional study was conducted via a structured questionnaire created by the authors. It consisted of 12 objective questions to analyze physical therapists’ knowledge of NMES use in critically ill patients. Physical therapists were invited to participate in this study during an international symposium on NMES. In total, 56 physical therapists, with a mean age of 33.5±7.2 years and working an average of 9.7±7 years after graduation, completed the survey. Overall, 34 respondents worked in ICUs, of which only four (12%) reported regular NMES use in their ICUs. We found a low average of correct answers to our questionnaire (25%; 3/12). The main barriers reported to using NMES in ICUs were lack of knowledge (28; 50%) and equipment (24; 43%). The number of correct answers expert and non-expert physical therapists was not statistically significant (p=0.68). Thus, we observed participants’ poor knowledge of NMES use in critically ill patients. Respondents showed that NMES has been underused in their ICUs. Lack of knowledge and equipment seems to be the main barriers for the use of NMES in ICUs.

RESUMEN La electroestimulación neuromuscular transcutánea (TENS) es una herramienta importante para prevenir la pérdida de fuerza y masa muscular en pacientes ingresados en unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI). Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el perfil y el conocimiento de los fisioterapeutas sobre la TENS, así como identificar las principales barreras para su uso en la UCI. Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional transversal mediante un cuestionario estructurado desarrollado por los autores. El cuestionario constaba de 12 preguntas objetivas cuyo objetivo era analizar el nivel de conocimiento de los fisioterapeutas sobre el uso de la TENS en pacientes críticos. Se invitó a los fisioterapeutas a participar en el estudio durante un simposio internacional sobre TENS. Cincuenta y seis fisioterapeutas completaron la encuesta, la edad media fue de 33,5±7,2 años, y el tiempo medio desde la graduación fue de 9,7±7 años. Treinta y cuatro encuestados trabajaban en la UCI, y de estos solo 4 (12%) informaron que la TENS se realizaba de forma rutinaria en las UCI donde trabajaban. Los resultados del cuestionario mostraron un bajo nivel de conocimiento sobre el uso de la TENS en pacientes críticos, con un promedio de 25% de respuestas correctas (3/12). En la comparación entre los fisioterapeutas especialistas y los no especialistas, el número de respuestas correctas no fue estadísticamente significativo (p=0,68). Las principales barreras reportadas para el uso de esta técnica fueron la falta de conocimiento 28 (50%) y la falta de equipamiento 24 (43%). Los encuestados demostraron que esta técnica es infrautilizada en las UCI.

Abstract The aim of this work was to determine the total phenolic content and evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial, photoprotective and cytotoxic properties of corn silk ethanol extract prepared from corn silk that was air-dried at room temperature. Corn silk ethanol extract has a high content of phenolic compounds. The concentrations of ethanol extract required to produce 50% of maximal effect (EC50) in DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays were 489.0 and 166.1 µg/mL respectively, indicating low activity when compared to the positive control. The ethanolic extract of corn silk showed antibacterial activity, mainly on Gram-positive bacteria. The in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) of the ethanolic extract of corn silk incorporated into sunscreen UVA-UVB 5% gel with Pemulen TR-1® was evaluated for the first time. A relative increase in SPF efficacy was observed for the extract when the sunscreen was incorporated. The ethanolic extract of corn silk and the gel were considered non-cytotoxic. The corn silk ethanolic extract was characterized using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS). Eleven compounds including flavonoids, coumaric acid derivatives, terpenoid, hydroxycinnamic acid derivative and quinic acid derivative were suggested based on their accurate mass and MS/MS spectra.

RESUMO Clorofilômetros portáteis podem ser utilizados para melhorar a previsão de doses de nitrogênio (N) em feijoeiro. Objetivou-se avaliar dois clorofilômetros (Minolta SPAD-502 e ClorofiLOG CFL 1030) para predizer doses de N em cobertura para as cultivares Pérola, TAA Gol, BRSMG Uai e para a linhagem VR 20. Oito experimentos de campo (quatro genótipos e dois dispositivos) foram conduzidos em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, cujos tratamentos consistiram na aplicação de N em cobertura correspondendo a quatro índices de suficiência de nitrogênio. Houve discrepâncias entre os índices obtidos pelos diferentes dispositivos para o mesmo genótipo, bem como entre os obtidos com o mesmo dispositivo para os diferentes genótipos estudados. Assim, quando o índice é utilizado para definir as doses de N, deve-se considerar o genótipo e o clorofilômetro utilizado. Além disso, o índice recomendado de 95 % não deve ser generalizado para todas as cultivares e deve ser reduzido.

ABSTRACT Portable chlorophyll meters can be used to improve the prediction of nitrogen (N) doses for common bean. This study aimed to evaluate two chlorophyll meters (Minolta SPAD-502 and ClorofiLOG CFL 1030) to predict topdressing N doses for the Pérola, TAA Gol and BRSMG Uai cultivars and for the VR 20 line. Eight field experiments (four genotypes and two devices) were carried out in a randomized blocks design, with four replicates, being the treatments topdressing N applications corresponding to four nitrogen sufficiency indices. There were discrepancies between the indices obtained by the different devices for the same genotype, as well as among those obtained with the same device for the different genotypes studied. Thus, when the index is used to define the N doses, the genotype and the chlorophyll meter used must be considered. In addition, the recommended index of 95 % should not be generalized to all the cultivars and should be reduced.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Verificar a relação do jejum intermitente no peso corporal de indivíduos com sobrepeso e obesidade por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura. MÉTODOS Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática, baseada em ensaios clínicos randomizados. Os artigos foram consultados nas bases de dados: Science Direct, PubMed e BVS. A avaliação dessa revisão ocorreu por meio da recomendação Prisma. RESULTADOS Após o processo de seleção, quatro artigos foram incluídos nesta revisão, comparando o jejum intermitente (JI) com dieta de restrição calórica (DRC) como grupo controle. Em dois estudos com utilização de protocolos semelhantes não houve redução significativa no peso corporal dos indivíduos com sobrepeso ou obesidade. Já nos outros dois estudos com utilização de protocolos distintos, a perda de peso foi significativa no grupo JI em comparação ao grupo DRC. CONCLUSÕES Os achados desta revisão não fornecem evidências plausíveis do efeito do jejum intermitente na perda de peso em indivíduos com sobrepeso ou obesidade.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To verify the relationship of intermittent fasting in the bodyweight of overweight and obese individuals through a systematic literature review. METHODS This is a systematic review based on randomized controlled trials. The articles were consulted in the databases: Science Direct, PubMed e BVS. This review was evaluated through the PRISMA recommendation. RESULTS After the selection process, four articles were included in this review, comparing intermittent fasting (IF) with calorie restriction diet (CRD) as a control group. In 2 studies using similar protocols, there was no significant reduction in body weight of overweight or obese subjects. In the other two studies using different protocols, weight loss was significant in the IF group compared to the CRD group. CONCLUSIONS Results did not provide evidence of the effect of intermittent fasting on weight loss in overweight or obese individuals.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic evolution of milk production, udder morphology, and animal behavior of Gir dairy cattle. Data were obtained on the predicted breeding values for milk yield of 60,226 cows born from 1968 to 2015 and standardized predicted breeding values for udder conformation and milking behavior of 7,635 cows born from 1987 to 2015. The influence of tested bulls on genetic trends was discussed, with special focus on the period after 1993, the year when the predicted breeding values of the first group of tested bulls were released. The traits of interest were 305-d milk yield, fore udder attachment, rear udder height, rear udder width, teat length, teat thickness, ease of milking, and reactivity. Significant genetic evolution was observed for 305-d milk yield, with increasing annual growth observed from 1993, as the number of cows sired by the best proven bulls increased. Before 1993, no genetic evolution was observed for any of the studied traits. From 1993 onward, all traits showed genetic gains, except fore udder attachment. The use of genetically-tested bulls since 1993 has led to important genetic gains in the Brazilian Dairy Gir population. Before the identification of genetically superior bulls began, many traits showed no improvement. Selection for milk yield has modified the conformation traits of the Gir mammary system. The longevity of the mammary glands of high-yield cows may be impaired due to poor fore udder attachment. Regarding behavioral traits, this population has evolved to less-reactive animals that are easier to milk.

Resumo Objetivo: verificar a associação da funcionalidade familiar com o arranjo domiciliar de idosos da área urbana de município mineiro. Método: trata-se de estudo com abordagem quantitativa; tipo inquérito domiciliar; analítico, transversal e observacional com 637 idosos. Foram utilizados: Miniexame de Estado Mental, Caracterização dos dados sociodemográficos e econômicos e Apgar de Família. Procedeu-se análise descritiva por frequências absoluta e relativa para as variáveis categóricas. Para identificação de associações entre funcionalidade familiar e arranjo domiciliar utilizou-se teste qui-quadrado (p<0,05). Resultados: predominaram idosos do sexo feminino (66,6%), 60 ├ 70 anos (42,1%), casados (42,7%), com renda de um salário mínimo (45,1%), com até 4 anos de estudo (51%). Com relação à funcionalidade familiar, constatou-se que a maioria dos idosos (87,8%), considera sua família como unidade de relações de cuidados com boa funcionalidade. Houve associação significativa entre a funcionalidade familiar ruim e idosos que moram sozinhos (p=0,007). Conclusão: desta maneira, faz-se necessário conhecer a dinâmica familiar desses idosos, para que a equipe multidisciplinar possa subsidiar ações e intervenções voltadas à necessidade de cada família, promovendo o robustecimento das relações familiares.

Abstract Objective :to verify the association between family functionality and the household arrangements of the elderly in an urban area of Minas Gerais. Method: a quantitative, household survey type study that was analytical, cross-sectional and observational in nature was carried out with 637 elderly persons. The Mini Mental State Examination, a characterization of sociodemographic and economic data and the Family Apgar test were used. Descriptive analysis was performed by absolute and relative frequencies for the categorical variables. The Chi-squared test (p <0.05) was used to identify relationships between household arrangements and family functionality. Results: elderly women (66.6%), aged 60 to 70 years (42.1%), who were married (42.7%), and received the minimum wage (45.1%), with up to four years of education (51%) predominated. It was found that the majority of the elderly persons interviewed (87.8%) considered their family as a unit of care with good functionality. There was a significant association between poor family functionality and elderly individuals who lived alone (p = 0.007). Conclusion: it is important to understand the family dynamics of the elderly so that multidisciplinary teams can promote actions and interventions aimed at the needs of each family, helping to strengthen family relationships.

INTRODUCTION: The Perception Sensory Threshold (ST) for sinusoidal current stimuli at 5, 250, and 2,000 Hz is commonly used in the assessment of peripheral nerve fibers (C, Aδ, and Aβ, respectively). However, the neuroselectivity of these frequencies is far from consensus. In addition, Reaction Time (RT) measurements suggest that 2,000 Hz stimuli excite Aβ-fibers, 250 Hz Aβ- or Aδ-fibers, as well as 5 Hz Aβ-, Aδ- or C-fibers. Therefore, we suppose that the sinusoidal current neuroselectivity may be better observed if ST and RT parameters are jointly evaluated. In addition, we have investigated whether there are other sets of frequencies that could be used. METHODS: Thus this work investigates ST and RT for stimuli with frequency ranging from 1 to 3,000 Hz, on 28 healthy subjects aged from 19 to 44 years old (27.1±5.49). ST and RT dissimilarity among different frequencies was evaluated applying bi-dimensional Fisher Quadratic Discriminant. RESULTS: The lowest classification error (3.6%) was obtained for 1, 250, and 3,000 Hz. Error for 5, 250, and 2,000Hz was 16.7%. Stimulation frequency at 1 Hz evoked more sensations related to C-fibers (53% of reports) than to Aβ-fibers (36%). However, this behavior did not repeat itself at 5 Hz (only 21% of perceptions were related to C-fibers against 64% to Aβ-fibers). Sensations related to Aβ-fibers prevailed for the highest frequencies presented to the subjects (2,000 Hz - 82% and 3,000 Hz - 93%). Mean RT values showed a decreasing trend with frequency. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that frequencies 1, 250, and 3,000 Hz are more neuroselective than 5, 250, and 2,000 Hz for the evaluation of peripheral sensitive fibers. Furthermore, they show RT usefulness.

A Residência Médica (RM) está consagrada como a melhor forma de inserção de médicos na vida profissional e de capacitação numa especialidade. Observa-se uma discrepância entre o número de formandos candidatos à RM e o número de vagas credenciadas. Nesse contexto, alunos do quinto e sexto anos sacrificam a graduação médica durante os estágios curriculares para se dedicarem aos Cursos Preparatórios (CPs) para a RM. Buscou-se conhecer as expectativas dos alunos de Medicina em relação à RM, bem como suas opiniões sobre o surgimento dos CPs. Foram aplicados questionários com oito perguntas objetivas a 70,83% dos alunos do sétimo, oitavo e nono períodos da Faculdade de Medicina (FM). Todos afirmaram conhecer o método dos CPs; 76% pretendem se matricular; dos que não têm essa intenção, 63,17%, o principal motivo declarado é a falta de condições financeiras; 59,45% desaprovam o método atual de avaliação para a RM. Conclui-se que é necessário adequar os atuais métodos de ensino da FM ao modelo das avaliações da RM. Os critérios para o ingresso na RM poderiam ser ajustados, contemplando as habilidades práticas. As FMs devem, continuamente, disponibilizar material didático atualizado, moderno e acessível a todos os alunos.

Medical Residency (MR) is known as the best form for a doctor to start his professional life and to developing his skills in a specialty. There is however a discrepancy between the number of graduate/ candidates for Medical Residency and the number of vacancies. In this context, students in the 5th and 6th years of Medical School are sacrificing their medical graduation during their internships to dedicate themselves to Preparatory Courses (PCs) for the Medical Residency. This study sought to investigate the expectations of the students with regard to RM as well as/ their opinion about the creation of the PCs. 70.83% of the students of the 7th, 8th and 9th semesters/ of the Medical School (MS) answered questionnaires with eight objective questions. They all stated to know the PC method; 76%/ intended to enroll; out of those who did not intend on to enroll, 63.17% claim that the/ main reason/ is poor financial conditions. 59.45% disapproves the current method of admission tests for MR. In conclusion, it is necessary to adapt the current teaching methods of the medical school to the model of admission tests for MR. The criteria for admission to MR should be adjusted, also considering the practical skills. The medical schools should always make inexpensive, up-to-date and modern educational material available to the students.

No Brasil, há um déficit de vagas para Residência Médica (RM) e maior concorrência em determinadas especialidades ou regiões, propiciando o crescimento dos Cursos Preparatórios (CPs) para provas de RM. Os acadêmicos, cada vez mais, deixam atividades curriculares em segundo plano e se matriculam nesses cursinhos. Mediante um questionário dirigido aos candidatos do concurso de RM do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (HU-UFJF), realizou-se um estudo para avaliar a efetividade da preparação de alunos em CPs. A adesão foi de 74,7% dos 368 concorrentes, sendo que a maioria freqüentou CPs (72%). Não houve diferença significativa de aprovação entre os candidatos que se prepararam em CPs e os que não os freqüentaram. Já a média das notas dos candidatos que freqüentaram CPs foi 4,07 pontos maior (66,89 contra 62,82, p < 0,05). Conclui-se que, no modelo tradicional de avaliação, cuja prova teórica corresponde a 90% da nota final, a preparação dos alunos que freqüentaram CPs é mais eficaz, o que enaltece a memorização em detrimento de habilidades médicas. Nesse contexto, pode-se considerar o modelo 50/50, em que a prova prática corresponde a 50% da nota final, uma proposta adequada.

In Brazil there are not enough vacancies for Medical Residency (MR) and a very high competition for vacancies in certain specialties and regions. This favors the establishment of Preparatory Courses (PCs) for MR tests. Medical students have been increasingly neglecting their curricular activities for en rolling in these Preparatory Courses. For evaluating the effectiveness of these courses, a questionnaire was applied to the candidates for MR at the University Hospital of Federal University of Juiz de Fora. 74.7% from the 368 applicants agreed to participate in the study, most of which (72%) were frequenting PCs. There was no significant difference in the rate of approval among the candidates who had prepared themselves in PCs and those who did not. On the other hand, the average grade of the candidates that took PCs was 4.07 points higher (66.89 versus 62.82, p < 0.05). It is concluded that in the traditional evaluation model, whose theoretical test corresponds to 90% of the final grade, the preparation of the students who took PCs is more effective, valuing memorization above medical abilities. Thus, the 50/50 model, in which the practical test corresponds to 50% of the final grade, can be considered an adequate proposal.

Os sarcomas são neoplasias que se originam das células mesenquimais primitivas, sendo raros na região anorretal. O objetivo é relatar um caso de sarcoma sinovial anorretal, neoplasia extremamente rara nesta localização. É descrito o caso de uma paciente de 77 anos que apresentava nodulação anal dolorosa e sangrante às evacuações, associada a puxo, tenesmo e perda ponderal. A lesão foi biopsiada e o estudo imunohistoquímico evidenciou sarcoma sinovial anorretal. A paciente foi submetida a amputação abdomino-perineal do reto, encontra-se assintomática, sem sinais de recidiva e em seguimento ambulatorial.

Originated from mesenchymal cells, the sarcoma is rare in the anorectal area. The authors report a case of anorectal sinovial sarcoma, extremely rare in this location with no previous reports on literature. It's described a case of a 77 years old patient presenting an anal tumor, associated to pain, bleeding, tenesmus and weight loss. A synovial sarcoma was diagnosed after biopsy and imunohistochemical study. The pacient was submitted to a Miles procedure being assymptomatic and without any signs of disease in the last seven months.