Resumen Fundamento: El objetivo fue evaluar el dolor en pacientes con patologías reumáticas en tratamiento con terapias biológicas. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, de pacientes con enfermedad reumatológica tratada con terapias biológicas, atendidos en consulta externa en febrero/agosto de 2020. Se recogieron variables demográficas (sexo y edad), clínicas (diagnóstico, presencia de dolor, intensidad y localización) y farmacológicas (terapia biológica, tratamiento concomitante con FAME tradicionales, y tratamiento analgésico). Las fuentes de información utilizadas fueron la historia clínica electrónica y Farmatools Dominion®. Resultados: Se incluyeron 138 pacientes, con edad media 56 años, 71% mujeres. El diagnóstico más frecuente fue espondilitis anquilosante (47%). El fármaco biológico más utilizado fue anti TNF-α (64%) y el 60,1% recibían fármacos tradicionales, especialmente metotrexato y leflunomida (51,8 y 28,9%). El 81% de los pacientes presentaban dolor, especialmente en manos (73,2%) y rodillas (69,6%), de intensidad media 6,5 en la escala EVA. El 84,8% de los pacientes no tenía el dolor controlado (EVA >4) y era severo o muy severo en el 67,9% de los pacientes, a pesar de que el 83,3% tenían pautado tratamiento antiálgico, el 52,2% con más de un fármaco, con antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINE) (60%), paracetamol (52,2%) y opioides (56,5%). El dolor se controló mejor con AINE (14,5%) que con opioides (8,3%); en un 29,6% el dolor no mejoraba con el tratamiento. El número de fármacos aumentó con la intensidad del dolor (rho = 0,264; p = 0,006). Conclusiones: Más del 69% de los pacientes presentaba dolor no controlado y severo, reflejando el desafío que supone instaurar un tratamiento efectivo para el dolor.

Abstract Background: To assess pain in patients with rheumatic disease under biological therapy treatment. Methods: Observational retrospective study of patients with rheumatic disease under biological therapy treatment who visited the health care center as outpatients in February/August 2020. We collected demographic (sex and age), clinical (diagnosis, pain presence, intensity, and location), and pharmacological (biolo-gical therapy, concomitant treatment with traditional DMARDs, and analgesic treatment) variables from the electronic medical records and Farmatools Dominion®. Results: We included 138 patients; mean age was 56 years and 71% were female. The most frequent diagnosis (47%) was ankylosing spondylitis. Anti-TNF-α was the most prescribed biological drug (64%); 60.1% of study patients received traditional drugs, particularly methotrexate and leflunomide (51.8 and 28.9%, respectively). Pain was reported in 81% of the cases, particularly in hands (73.2%) and knees (69.6%); mean pain intensity was 6.5 (VAS). Although 83.3% of the patients had been prescribed analgesics, pain persisted in 84.8% of the cases (VAS >4), being severe or very severe in 67.9%. Over half of the patients (52.2%) used more than one analgesic. The most frequently prescribed medications were non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (60%), paracetamol (52.2%), and opioids (56.5%). NSAIDs controlled pain (14.5%) better than opioids (8.3%); there was no post-treatment improvement of pain in 29.6% of the patients. The number of prescribed drugs increased with pain intensity (rho = 0.264; p = 0.006). Conclusion: Almost 70% of study patients had uncontrolled severe rheumatic-related pain. This implies a challenge for esta-blishing effective treatments for this type of pain.

ABSTRACT Introduction. This paper summarizes the contribution by the Technical Group for Modelling and Epidemiology to face COVID-19. The objective was to create knowledge and scientific evidence to support the Government’s decision making, the health system and other sectors. Methods . Implementation research from a transdisciplinary perspective was carried out, with epidemiology providing the guidelines. Tools were developed to identify the magnitude and dissemination of COVID-19 in the country, as well as the analysis of the risk to get sick and severity; also, tools for the evaluation of the measures implemented. Results and Discussion. Improvements were made to the information systems and the Covid19CubaData platform was created to standardize and visualize the data. Prognosis mathematical models were developed. Geographical information systems were used to identify vulnerable population groups and stratify interventions. The impact of the actions was evaluated with a clinical-epidemiological analysis, as well as the use of big data techniques on mobility and real time estimation of the effective reproductive number. Multilevel and artificial intelligence models allowed for comparing the behavior of the pandemic in Cuba and the world. Indicators were brought forward for the de-escalation of the actions. The equity in the country’s response to COVID-19 was evaluated. It was concluded that the epidemiological research done, supported by modelling and the information systems, was useful for the government and the Ministry of Public Health to effectively respond to COVID-19.

RESUMEN Introducción. Este trabajo resume el aporte del Grupo Técnico de Modelación y Epidemiología para el enfrentamiento de la COVID-19. El objetivo del trabajo fue generar conocimiento y evidencias científicas en apoyo a la toma de decisiones del Gobierno, el sistema de salud y otros sectores. Método. Se realizó investigación de implementación con un enfoque transdisciplinar, con la epidemiología como guía. Se desarrollaron herramientas que permitieron la identificación de la magnitud y la diseminación de la COVID-19 en el país, el análisis de riesgo de enfermar y de severidad, así como para la evaluación de las medidas implementadas. Resultados . Se realizaron mejoras a los sistemas de información y se creó la plataforma Covid19CubaData para la estandarización y visualización de los datos. Se desarrollaron modelos matemáticos de pronósticos. Se emplearon los Sistemas de Información Geográfica para identificar grupos poblacionales vulnerables y estratificar intervenciones. El impacto de las acciones fue evaluada desde el análisis clínico-epidemiológico, el uso de técnicas de big data de la movilidad y la estimación en tiempo real del número reproductivo efectivo. Modelos multinivel y de inteligencia artificial permitieron la comparación del comportamiento de la pandemia en Cuba y el mundo. Se propusieron indicadores para el des-escalado de las acciones y se evaluó la equidad en la respuesta del país ante la COVID-19. En conclusión, la investigación epidemiológica realizada, con el apoyo de la modelación y los sistemas de información, sirvieron para la toma de decisiones del Gobierno y el Ministerio de Salud Pública en el enfrentamiento efectivo a la COVID-19.

RESUMO Algumas doenças respiratórias crônicas podem evoluir com hipoxemia e, nessas situações, a oxigenoterapia domiciliar prolongada (ODP) está indicada como opção terapêutica com o objetivo principal de melhorar a qualidade e a expectativa de vida desses pacientes. O oxigênio domiciliar é usado há mais de 70 anos, e a ODP tem como base dois estudos da década de oitenta que demonstraram que o uso de oxigênio melhora a sobrevida de pacientes com DPOC. Existem evidências de que a ODP tem outros efeitos benéficos como melhora da função cognitiva e da capacidade de exercício e redução de hospitalizações. A ODP está indicada para outras doenças respiratórias que cursam com hipoxemia, segundo os mesmos critérios estabelecidos para a DPOC. Tem sido observado aumento no uso da ODP provavelmente pela maior expectativa de vida, maior prevalência de doenças respiratórias crônicas e maior disponibilidade de ODP no sistema de saúde. O primeiro consenso sobre ODP da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia foi publicado em 2000; após 22 anos, apresentamos esta versão atualizada. Este documento é uma revisão não sistemática da literatura, realizada por pneumologistas que avaliaram evidências científicas e diretrizes internacionais sobre ODP nas diversas doenças que cursam com hipoxemia e em situações específicas (exercício, sono e viagens aéreas). Estas recomendações, tendo em vista a prática clínica, oferecem diversos quadros com informações sobre indicações, fontes de oxigênio, acessórios e estratégias para melhor eficiência, efetividade e uso seguro da ODP, assim como um modelo para sua prescrição.

ABSTRACT Some chronic respiratory diseases can cause hypoxemia and, in such cases, long-term home oxygen therapy (LTOT) is indicated as a treatment option primarily to improve patient quality of life and life expectancy. Home oxygen has been used for more than 70 years, and support for LTOT is based on two studies from the 1980s that demonstrated that oxygen use improves survival in patients with COPD. There is evidence that LTOT has other beneficial effects such as improved cognitive function, improved exercise capacity, and reduced hospitalizations. LTOT is indicated in other respiratory diseases that cause hypoxemia, on the basis of the same criteria as those used for COPD. There has been an increase in the use of LTOT, probably because of increased life expectancy and a higher prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases, as well as greater availability of LTOT in the health care system. The first Brazilian Thoracic Association consensus statement on LTOT was published in 2000. Twenty-two years later, we present this updated version. This document is a nonsystematic review of the literature, conducted by pulmonologists who evaluated scientific evidence and international guidelines on LTOT in the various diseases that cause hypoxemia and in specific situations (i.e., exercise, sleep, and air travel). These recommendations, produced with a view to clinical practice, contain several charts with information on indications for LTOT, oxygen sources, accessories, strategies for improved efficiency and effectiveness, and recommendations for the safe use of LTOT, as well as a LTOT prescribing model.

Abstract Introduction: cobalamin C (Cbl C) deficiency is the most common defect in intracellular cobalamin metabolism, associated with methylmalonic acidemia and homocystinuria. Its late clinical presentation is heterogeneous and may lead to a diagnostic delay. Case report: we report the case of a 45-year-old man with a 20-year history of chronic kidney disease and recently diagnosed spastic paraparesis, both of unknown origin. Metabolic studies revealed elevated levels of homocysteine and methylmalonic acid in the blood and urine. A genetic study confirmed cobalamin C deficiency. Treatment with hydroxocobalamin, betaine, carnitine, and folic acid was started. The patient eventually received a kidney transplant. Discussion: early diagnosis and appropriate treatment improve the clinical evolution of patients with Cbl C deficiency. Determination of homocysteine, organic acids, and other amino acids should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with nephrological-neurological symptoms without a clear etiology.

Resumen Introducción: la deficiencia de cobalamina C (Cbl C) es el defecto más común en el metabolismo intracelular de la cobalamina, asociado a acidemia metilmalónica y homocistinuria. Su presentación clínica tardía es heterogénea y puede llevar a un retraso en el diagnóstico. Caso clínico: presentamos el caso de un varón de 45 años con 20 años de evolución de enfermedad renal crónica y paraparesia espástica de reciente diagnóstico, ambos de origen desconocido. Los estudios metabólicos revelaron niveles elevados de homocisteína y ácido metilmalónico en sangre y orina. El estudio genético confirmó el déficit de cobalamina C. Se inició tratamiento con hidroxocobalamina, betaína, carnitina y ácido fólico. El paciente pudo recibir un trasplante renal. Discusión: el establecimiento de un diagnóstico precoz y un tratamiento adecuado mejora la evolución clínica de los pacientes con déficit de Cbl C. La determinación de homocisteína, ácidos orgánicos y otros aminoácidos debe incluirse en el diagnóstico diferencial de los pacientes con síntomas nefrológico-neurológicos sin una etiología clara.

ABSTRACT Background: The diagnosis of hypertension is established by blood pressure (BP) measurements in doctor (DO) or nursing offices (NO). Frecuently BP measurements are recorded as multiples of ten. This can lead to inaccuracy in diagnosis and control of hypertension. Objetive: To determine the percentage of BP measurements ending in zero in DO and NO, in the records of two health primary centers of Salta city. Methods: Observational study from february to december of 2018. Digital blood pressure monitor was used. Each patient BP was measured twice, first in NO and then in DO. Data were analyzed using the Chi2 and Wilcoxon tests. Results: 311 indivuals were enrolled, 60,77% were female. The average age was 56,15 ± 13,8 years. In NO the systolic BP and diastolic BP ending in zero were 36 and 40,51% respectively, while in DO were 11,58 and 7,72% (p <0,0001). The systolic BP and diastolic BP ending in zero simultaneously in NO was 30,87%, while in DO was 0,64% (p <0,0001). Conclusions: The systolic BP and the diastolic BP records ending in zero were three and five times more frequent in NO than in DO. The systolic BP and diastolic BP ending in zero simultaneously in NO were forty-eight times more frequent than in DO. These results reinforce the need of health personnel permanent training to improve precision for measuring and recording BP in medical centers.

RESUMEN Introducción: El diagnóstico de hipertensión arterial (HTA) se realiza por la toma de la presión arterial (PA) en el consultorio médico (C) o en enfermería (E). Es frecuente aproximar los valores obtenidos a múltiplos de 10. Esto puede causar imprecisiones en el diagnóstico y el control de la HTA. Objetivo: Determinar cuántos registros de PA terminaban en cero en las mediciones realizadas en E y en C en dos centros de atención primaria de la salud de la ciudad de Salta. Material y métodos: Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, de febrero a diciembre de 2018. Se utilizó un tensiómetro digital. A cada paciente se le midió la PA dos veces, primero en E y luego en C. Se utilizaron las pruebas de Chi2 y de Wilcoxon. Resultados: Se estudiaron 311 individuos, 60,77% mujeres. Edad media: 56,15 ± 13,8 años. Los registros terminados en cero tuvieron las siguientes frecuencias: PA sistólica en E: 36%; PA diastólica en E: 40,51%; PA sistólica en C: 11,58%; PA diastólica en C: 7,72% (p <0,0001). La PA sistólica y diastólica terminaron simultáneamente en cero en el 30,87% de los casos cuando se midieron en E y en el 0,64% de los casos cuando se midieron en C (p <0,0001). Conclusiones: La PA sistólica y la PA diastólica terminaron en cero con una frecuencia 3 y 5 veces mayor en E que en C, respectivamente, y la frecuencia de registros de PA sistólica y diastólica coincidentemente terminados en cero fue 48 veces mayor en E que en C. Estos resultados refuerzan la necesidad de una capacitación permanente para mejorar el registro en la medición de la PA.

RESUMO A deficiência de alfa-1 antitripsina (DAAT) é um distúrbio genético raro causado por uma mutação no gene SERPINA1, que codifica o inibidor de protease alfa-1 antitripsina (AAT). A DAAT predispõe os indivíduos a DPOC e doença hepática. O diagnóstico precoce é essencial para a implementação de medidas preventivas e para limitar a carga da doença. Embora diretrizes nacionais e internacionais para o diagnóstico e manejo da DAAT estejam disponíveis há 20 anos, mais de 85% dos casos não são diagnosticados e, portanto, não são tratados. No Brasil, os motivos para o subdiagnóstico da DAAT incluem o desconhecimento dos médicos sobre a condição, a diversidade racial da população, o fato de os níveis séricos de AAT serem avaliados em um número limitado de indivíduos e a falta de ferramentas diagnósticas convenientes. O diagnóstico da DAAT baseia-se em resultados de exames laboratoriais. A abordagem diagnóstica padrão envolve a avaliação dos níveis séricos de AAT, seguida de fenotipagem, genotipagem, sequenciamento gênico ou suas combinações para detecção da mutação específica. Nos últimos 10 anos, novas técnicas foram desenvolvidas, oferecendo uma alternativa rápida, minimamente invasiva e confiável aos métodos tradicionais de teste. Um desses testes disponíveis no Brasil é o teste de genotipagem A1AT, que analisa simultaneamente as 14 mutações mais prevalentes da DAAT usando DNA extraído de swab bucal ou de sangue em papel-filtro. Esses avanços podem contribuir para a superação do problema do subdiagnóstico no Brasil e em outros países, bem como podem aumentar a taxa de detecção da DAAT e, portanto, mitigar os malefícios do diagnóstico tardio.

ABSTRACT Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a rare genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the SERPINA1 gene, which encodes the protease inhibitor alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT). Severe AATD predisposes individuals to COPD and liver disease. Early diagnosis is essential for implementing preventive measures and limiting the disease burden. Although national and international guidelines for the diagnosis and management of AATD have been available for 20 years, more than 85% of cases go undiagnosed and therefore untreated. In Brazil, reasons for the underdiagnosis of AATD include a lack of awareness of the condition among physicians, a racially diverse population, serum AAT levels being assessed in a limited number of individuals, and lack of convenient diagnostic tools. The diagnosis of AATD is based on laboratory test results. The standard diagnostic approach involves the assessment of serum AAT levels, followed by phenotyping, genotyping, gene sequencing, or combinations of those, to detect the specific mutation. Over the past 10 years, new techniques have been developed, offering a rapid, minimally invasive, reliable alternative to traditional testing methods. One such test available in Brazil is the A1AT Genotyping Test, which simultaneously analyzes the 14 most prevalent AATD mutations, using DNA extracted from a buccal swab or dried blood spot. Such advances may contribute to overcoming the problem of underdiagnosis in Brazil and elsewhere, as well as being likely to increase the rate detection of AATD and therefore mitigate the harmful effects of delayed diagnosis.

ABSTRACT Background: The satisfaction of professionals is important to evaluate the quality of dental care. Objective: To evaluate the stomatologists´ general work satisfaction from Sancti Spíritus with the Comprehensive General Stomatology service according to the technical-human dimensions, physical environment and treatment results. Methodology: A study about health system and services from 2014 to 2019 was made. The 21 units from the Sancti Spíritus province were divided into some stratus: clinical centers and polyclinics. It was aleatory selected the clinical centers and 4 polyclinics. The sample consisted of 179 general comprehensive stomatologists (98 from clinical centers and 81 from the polyclinics). Valued variables: satisfaction of technical-human dimension, physical environment and treatment results. Theoretical and empirical levels, also from statistical description were used. Results: 40.2 % and 49.2 % of the specialists were moderately satisfied with the technical-human dimensions and treatment results, respectively, and 41.3 % were dissatisfied with the physical environment dimension. Conclusions: The stomatologists´ general work satisfaction was rated as moderately satisfied.

RESUMEN Fundamento: La satisfacción de los profesionales es importante para evaluar la calidad de la atención estomatológica. Objetivo: Evaluar la satisfacción general laboral de estomatólogos de Sancti Spíritus con el servicio de Estomatología General Integral según las dimensiones técnico-humano, entorno físico y resultados de tratamiento. Metodología: Se realizó una investigación en sistemas y servicios de salud del 2014 al 2019. Las 21 unidades de la provincia Sancti Spíritus; se dividieron en los estratos: Clínicas y Policlínicos. Se seleccionaron aleatoriamente 4 clínicas y 4 policlínicos. La muestra estuvo constituida por 179 estomatólogos generales integrales (98 en clínicas y 81 en policlínicos). Se midieron las variables: satisfacción con la dimensión técnico-humana, entorno físico y resultados de tratamiento. Se utilizaron métodos del nivel teórico, empírico y de la estadística descriptiva. Resultados: El 40.2 % y 49.2 % de los especialistas estuvieron medianamente satisfechos con las dimensiones técnico-humana y resultados de tratamiento respectivamente e insatisfechos el 41.3 % con la dimensión entorno físico. Conclusiones: La satisfacción general laboral de los estomatólogos fue calificada como medianamente satisfechos.

ABSTRACT Objectives: To assess cognitive performance in a hemodialysis population. To know relationship between IRCT and the presence of cognitive impairment, as well as the influence of hemodialysis treatment. Identify other variables that could influence cognitive performance.Methods: quasi-experimental study design, cross section. 25 adult subjects with ESRD on hemodialysis were included. Control group consisted of 4 healthy subjects. Medicalhistories, information on dialysis and laboratory tests were recorded. Individual interviews were conducted using the Neuropsi test being performed by a single operator.Results: 36% of patients had alterations in attention and executive functions and 24% had impaired memory. Patients with abnormal results in attention and executive functions had older and proportion of women although not statistically significant, plus higher percentage of hypertension, ischemic heart disease and smoking. This group had lower levels of hematocrit (32.11 ± 4.96 vs 35.69 ± 1.40, p = 0.01) and hemoglobin (10.67 ± 1.55 vs 11.98 ± 0.51, P = <0.01) and a tendency to total cholesterol and lower triglycerides. Patients with abnormal results in memory had a greater number of episodes of hypotension (5.83 ± 2.64 vs 2.63 ± 3.29; p = 0.04), a higher proportion of patients with hypertension (66.7% vs 26.3%; p = 0.07) and more levels low hemoglobin (10.72 ± 1.75 vs 11.76 ± 0.84, P = 0.05); without significant differences in levels of calcium and phosphorus metabolism, PTH, albumin, glucose or lipids.Conclusions: HD patients are a high-risk population and higher prevalence of cognitive disorders. Both comorbid causes associated with chronic vascular disease and inflammation disorders and malnutrition are factors that are associated with worse outcomes.

RESUMEN Objetivos: Evaluar el desempeño cognitivo en una población hemodialítica. Conocer la relación entre la insuficiencias renal crónica terminal (IRCT) y la presencia de deterioro cognitivo, así como la influencia del tratamiento hemodialítico. Identificar otras variables que podrían influir en el desempeño cognitivo.Material y métodos:Estudio cuasiexperimental, de corte transversal. Se incluyeron 25 sujetos adultos, con IRCT en hemodiálisis. Grupo control compuesto por 4 sujetos sanos. Se registraron los antecedentes clínicos, información sobre diálisis y análisis de laboratorio. Se realizaron entrevistas individuales aplicando test Neuropsipor único operador. Resultados:El 36% de los pacientes presentaba alteraciones en atención y funciones ejecutivas, yel 24% presentaba alteración en memoria. Los pacientes con resultados alterados en atención y funciones ejecutivas eran de mayor edad y en mayor proporción mujeres, aunque sin significación estadística, además había porcentaje superior de HTA, cardiopatía isquémica y tabaquismo. Este grupo tenía niveles más bajos de hematocrito (32.11 ± 4.96 vs 35.69 ± 1.40, p=0.01) y hemoglobina (10.67 ± 1.55 vs 11.98 ± 0.51, P=<0.01), y tendencia a valores de colesterol total y triglicéridos más bajos. Los pacientes con resultados alterados en memoria presentaban mayor cantidad de episodios de hipotensión (5.83 ± 2.64 vs 2.63 ± 3.29; p=0.04), mayor proporción de pacientes con HTA (66.7% vs 26.3%; p=0.07) y niveles más bajos de hemoglobina (10.72 ± 1.75 vs 11.76 ± 0.84, P=0.05), sin presentar diferencias significativas respecto a niveles de metabolismo fosfocálcico, PTHi, albúmina, glucemia ni lípidos.Conclusiones: Los pacientes en hemodiálisis (HD) son una población de alto riesgo y con mayor prevalencia de trastornos cognitivos. Tanto las causas comórbidas, asociadas con enfermedad vascular crónica, como los trastornos de inflamación y malnutrición, son factores que se encuentran asociados a peores resultados.

Objective: to evaluate the relation and the moderating effect of the organizational factors on the attitudes towards communication, empathy, and emotional intelligence in the nurses. Method: a cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 268 nurses from Valencia, Spain. The attitudes towards communication were evaluated by means of the specifically designed instrument, those towards empathy with the Jefferson’s Scale of Empathy for Nursing Students, and those towards emotional intelligence by means of the Trait Meta-Mood Scale, consisting of 24 items. The effect of the studied variables was assessed by means of ANOVA, multiple linear regression models were applied, and the moderating effect was analyzed using PROCESS. Results: there are statistically significant differences based on the type on contract (permanent); and statistically significant differences were found in the cognitive dimension of the attitudes towards communication. Regarding the regression models, the perspective taking dimension of empathy was the main predictive variable tn the dimensions of the attitudes towards communication. Finally, a moderating effect of the type of contract was evidenced in the effect of emotional reparation over the cognitive dimension of the attitudes towards communication. Conclusion: the organizational factors exert an influence on the attitudes towards communication, empathy, and emotional intelligence.

Objetivo: evaluar la relación y el efecto moderador de los factores organizacionales sobre las actitudes hacia la comunicación, empatía e inteligencia emocional de los enfermeros. Método: se realizó un estudio transversal en una muestra por conveniencia de 268 enfermeros de Valencia, España. Las actitudes hacia la comunicación se evaluaron mediante el instrumento diseñado para tal fin: la empatía con la Jefferson Scale of Empathy for Nursing Student y la inteligencia emocional mediante la Trait Meta-Mood Scale de 24 ítems. El efecto de las variables estudiadas se evaluó mediante ANOVA, se realizaron modelos de regresión lineal múltiple y el efecto moderador se analizó mediante PROCESS. Resultados: existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en función del tipo de contrato (permanente); se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la dimensión cognitiva de las actitudes hacia la comunicación. Con respecto a los modelos de regresión, la dimensión toma de perspectiva de la empatía fue la principal variable predictora en las dimensiones de las actitudes hacia la comunicación. Finalmente, se evidenció un efecto moderador del tipo de contrato en el efecto de la reparación emocional sobre la dimensión cognitiva de las actitudes hacia la comunicación. Conclusión: los factores organizacionales influyen en las actitudes hacia la comunicación, empatía e inteligencia emocional.

Objetivo: avaliar a relação e o efeito moderador dos fatores organizacionais nas atitudes dos enfermeiros em relação à comunicação, empatia e inteligência emocional. Método: estudo transversal em amostra de conveniência de 268 enfermeiros de Valência, Espanha. As atitudes em relação à comunicação foram avaliadas usando o instrumento desenvolvido para esse fim, a empatia com a Jefferson Scale of Empathy for Nursing Student e a inteligência emocional usando a Trait Meta-Mood Scale de 24 itens. O efeito das variáveis estudadas foi avaliado por meio de ANOVA, modelos de regressão linear múltipla foram realizados e o efeito moderador foi analisado por PROCESS. Resultados: existem diferenças estatisticamente significativas dependendo do tipo de contrato (permanente); e diferenças estatisticamente significantes foram encontradas na dimensão cognitiva das atitudes em relação à comunicação. Em relação aos modelos de regressão, a dimensão tomada de perspectiva da empatia foi a principal variável preditora nas dimensões das atitudes em relação à comunicação. Finalmente, um efeito moderador do tipo de contrato foi demonstrado no efeito do reparo emocional sobre a dimensão cognitiva das atitudes em relação à comunicação. Conclusão: fatores organizacionais influenciam atitudes em relação à comunicação, empatia e inteligência emocional.

Objetivo: avaliar a relação e o efeito moderador dos fatores organizacionais nas atitudes dos enfermeiros em relação à comunicação, empatia e inteligência emocional. Método: estudo transversal em amostra de conveniência de 268 enfermeiros de Valência, Espanha. As atitudes em relação à comunicação foram avaliadas usando o instrumento desenvolvido para esse fim, a empatia com a Jefferson Scale of Empathy for Nursing Student e a inteligência emocional usando a Trait Meta-Mood Scale de 24 itens. O efeito das variáveis estudadas foi avaliado por meio de ANOVA, modelos de regressão linear múltipla foram realizados e o efeito moderador foi analisado por PROCESS. Resultados: existem diferenças estatisticamente significativas dependendo do tipo de contrato (permanente); e diferenças estatisticamente significantes foram encontradas na dimensão cognitiva das atitudes em relação à comunicação. Em relação aos modelos de regressão, a dimensão tomada de perspectiva da empatia foi a principal variável preditora nas dimensões das atitudes em relação à comunicação. Finalmente, um efeito moderador do tipo de contrato foi demonstrado no efeito do reparo emocional sobre a dimensão cognitiva das atitudes em relação à comunicação. Conclusão: fatores organizacionais influenciam atitudes em relação à comunicação, empatia e inteligência emocional.

Objective: to evaluate the relation and the moderating effect of the organizational factors on the attitudes towards communication, empathy, and emotional intelligence in the nurses. Method: a cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 268 nurses from Valencia, Spain. The attitudes towards communication were evaluated by means of the specifically designed instrument, those towards empathy with the Jefferson’s Scale of Empathy for Nursing Students, and those towards emotional intelligence by means of the Trait Meta-Mood Scale, consisting of 24 items. The effect of the studied variables was assessed by means of ANOVA, multiple linear regression models were applied, and the moderating effect was analyzed using PROCESS. Results: there are statistically significant differences based on the type on contract (permanent); and statistically significant differences were found in the cognitive dimension of the attitudes towards communication. Regarding the regression models, the perspective taking dimension of empathy was the main predictive variable tn the dimensions of the attitudes towards communication. Finally, a moderating effect of the type of contract was evidenced in the effect of emotional reparation over the cognitive dimension of the attitudes towards communication. Conclusion: the organizational factors exert an influence on the attitudes towards communication, empathy, and emotional intelligence.

Objetivo: evaluar la relación y el efecto moderador de los factores organizacionales sobre las actitudes hacia la comunicación, empatía e inteligencia emocional de los enfermeros. Método: se realizó un estudio transversal en una muestra por conveniencia de 268 enfermeros de Valencia, España. Las actitudes hacia la comunicación se evaluaron mediante el instrumento diseñado para tal fin: la empatía con la Jefferson Scale of Empathy for Nursing Student y la inteligencia emocional mediante la Trait Meta-Mood Scale de 24 ítems. El efecto de las variables estudiadas se evaluó mediante ANOVA, se realizaron modelos de regresión lineal múltiple y el efecto moderador se analizó mediante PROCESS. Resultados: existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en función del tipo de contrato (permanente); se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la dimensión cognitiva de las actitudes hacia la comunicación. Con respecto a los modelos de regresión, la dimensión toma de perspectiva de la empatía fue la principal variable predictora en las dimensiones de las actitudes hacia la comunicación. Finalmente, se evidenció un efecto moderador del tipo de contrato en el efecto de la reparación emocional sobre la dimensión cognitiva de las actitudes hacia la comunicación. Conclusión: los factores organizacionales influyen en las actitudes hacia la comunicación, empatía e inteligencia emocional.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a relação da diferença entre a capacidade vital lenta (CVL) e CVF (ΔCVL-CVF) com dados demográficos, clínicos e de função pulmonar. Métodos: Estudo analítico, transversal, no qual os participantes responderam a um questionário de saúde respiratória e foram submetidos a espirometria e pletismografia. A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos: ΔCVL-CVF ≥ 200 mL e ΔCVL-CVF < 200 mL. Foram realizadas análises de correlações entre os grupos e de regressão logística binominal. Resultados: Foram selecionados 187 indivíduos. Na amostra total, a média da ΔCVL-CVF foi de 0,17 ± 0,14 L. Na amostra, 61 indivíduos (32,62%) apresentaram ΔCVL-CVF ≥ 200 mL. O uso da manobra expiratória lenta reduziu a prevalência de distúrbio ventilatório inespecífico e resultados espirométricos normais, ao revelar distúrbio ventilatório obstrutivo (DVO). DVO e achados de aprisionamento aéreo (capacidade residual funcional elevada e capacidade inspiratória/CPT reduzida) foram preditores de ΔCVL-CVF ≥ 200 mL no modelo final da regressão logística (ajustada para peso e índice de massa corpórea > 30 kg/m2). Foi observada maior chance de resposta ao broncodilatador no grupo ΔCVL-CVF ≥ 200 mL: VEF1 (OR = 4,38; IC95%: 1,45-13,26) e CVF (OR = 3,83; IC95%: 1,26-11,71). Conclusões: O uso da manobra expiratória lenta diminuiu a prevalência de distúrbio ventilatório inespecífico e de resultados espirométricos normais, podendo a ΔCVL-CVF ≥ 200 mL ser resultado de DVO e aprisionamento aéreo, tendo maior chance de resposta ao broncodilatador.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the relationship that the difference between slow vital capacity (SVC) and FVC (ΔSVC-FVC) has with demographic, clinical, and pulmonary function data. Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study in which participants completed a respiratory health questionnaire, as well as undergoing spirometry and plethysmography. The sample was divided into two groups: ΔSVC-FVC ≥ 200 mL and ΔSVC-FVC < 200 mL. The intergroup correlations were analyzed, and binomial logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: The sample comprised 187 individuals. In the sample as a whole, the mean ΔSVC-FVC was 0.17 ± 0.14 L, and 61 individuals (32.62%) had a ΔSVC-FVC ≥ 200 mL. The use of an SVC maneuver reduced the prevalence of nonspecific lung disease and of normal spirometry results by revealing obstructive lung disease (OLD). In the final logistic regression model (adjusted for weight and body mass index > 30 kg/m2), OLD and findings of air trapping (high functional residual capacity and a low inspiratory capacity/TLC ratio) were predictors of a ΔSVC-FVC ≥ 200 mL. The chance of a bronchodilator response was found to be greater in the ΔSVC-FVC ≥ 200 mL group: for FEV1 (OR = 4.38; 95% CI: 1.45-13.26); and for FVC (OR = 3.83; 95% CI: 1.26-11.71). Conclusions: The use of an SVC maneuver appears to decrease the prevalence of nonspecific lung disease and of normal spirometry results. Individuals with a ΔSVC-FVC ≥ 200 mL, which is probably the result of OLD and air trapping, are apparently more likely to respond to bronchodilator administration.