This study evaluated sequential double-temperature shock (heat and cold) to induce triploidy in Rhamdia quelen. Fertilized eggs were heat shocked at 37, 39 and 41°C at 2 min post-fertilization and then cold shocked at 1°C for 20 min. Intact eggs were used as controls. Egg viability in control groups was higher (65.5 ± 37.0%) than that at 37°C (58.2 ± 37.7%), 39°C (1.8 ± 0.3%) and 41°C (0%). The survival of control hatchery (64.6 ± 36.8%) was higher compared to treatments at 37°C (24.4 ± 15.5%) and 39°C (0.6 ± 0.07%). Triploid percentages were 98.5% at 37°C and 100% at 39°C. Therefore, while double-temperature shock induced 100% triploidy in R. quelen, it also significantly decreased embryo survival and increased the deformity larvae.

Integrins are transmembrane glycoprotein receptors that regulate cell-matrix interactions, thus functioning as sensors from the environment. They also act as cell adhesion molecules that are responsible for the maintenance of the normal epithelial phenotype. Some studies have reported a correlation between carcinogenesis and changes in integrin expression, especially β1 integrin, however its role in prostate cancer (PC) is unclear. The aim of our study was to evaluate the expression of β1 integrin in localized PC and to correlate the pattern of expression with recurrence after surgical treatment. Methods For this case-control study, we retrospectively selected surgical specimens from 111 patients with localized PC who underwent radical prostatectomy. Recurrence was defined as a PSA level exceeding 0.2ng/mL after surgery, and the median follow-up was 123 months. Integrin expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray containing two samples from each tumor. We employed a semiquantitative analysis and considered a case as positive when the expression was strong and diffusely present. Results: There was a loss of 11 cases during the tissue micro array assembling. β1 expression was positive in 79 of the 100 evaluated cases (79%). The univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the negative expression of β1 integrin was associated with biochemical recurrence (p = 0.047) and time to recurrence after radical prostatectomy (p = 0.023). When β1 was negative, the odds ratio for recurrence was 2.78 times higher than that observed in the positive cases [OR = 2.78, p = 0.047, IC 95% (1.01-7.66)]. Conclusions: The loss of β1 integrin immune expression was correlated with biochemical recurrence in patients treated with radical prostatectomy for localized PC.

The present study analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively the temporal and spatial changes in the fish assemblages present in seabob shrimp distribution sites in two important fishing areas of the Santa Catarina coast. Monthly bottom trawls, conducted between March 2007 and February 2008 in Balneário Barra do Sul and Penha, yielded a total of 38,608 specimens belonging to 54 species, of which 35 occurred in both regions. The Sciaenidae was the most represented family in both number of species and abundance of individuals. The dominant species were Stellifer rastrifer (Jordan, 1889), S. brasiliensis (Schultz, 1945), Paralonchurus brasiliensis (Steindachner, 1875), Isopisthus parvipinnis (Cuvier, 1830), Trichiurus lepturus (Linnaeus, 1758), and Pellona harroweri (Fowler, 1917). The ichthyofaunal structure showed a spatiotemporal dependence with significant differences in March 2007 and January and February 2008 between Balneário Barra do Sul and Penha. The main differences were attributed to dominant species, which were responsible for significantly altering the abundance of the assemblages. The species richness was similar in both sites, whereas the diversity and equitability indices showed monthly fluctuation patterns that differed between Balneário Barra do Sul and Penha. The Shannon index differed in August, September and November 2007 and January and February 2008, with an H' ranging from 0.74 to 1.98 influenced by dominant species, whereas significant variations were observed for the Pielou index in November 2007 and February 2008. The Berger-Parker index demonstrated a clear dominance pattern where the monthly numeric contribution of a single species ranged from approximately 30 to 80%. Although the results showed differences between fishing grounds 25% of the time, we conclude that fish assemblies captured as accompanying fauna in artisanal seabob shrimp fisheries showed statistically similar characteristics for most of the year, although Balneário Barra do Sul and Penha are 35 km away from each other.

Estudos do comportamento morfológico dos ácidos fúlvicos foram realizados utilizando a técnica de microscopia de força atômica aliada às técnicas de potencial zeta e espectroscopia de fluorescência. Os resultados mostraram que o ácido fúlvico (AFA) de um rio tropical mudou a sua morfologia quando variado o pH da solução aquosa dos AFA. Em pH ácido a morfologia é mais granular formando aglomerados de altura entre 10-55 nm. Em pH alcalino os valores foram de 2,5-4,0 nm, sendo que a morfologia em condições alcalinas é aberta formando estruturas não granulares. Estes resultados sugerem que para pH 3,5 as interações eletrostáticas são fracas e as ligações de hidrogênio são responsáveis pela formação de agregados, enquanto em pH 9,0 as interações eletrostáticas são fortes devido ao aumento da ionização de grupos fenólicos e ocorrem poucas ligações hidrogênio formando estruturas mais abertas. Os resultados de espectroscopia de fluorescência mostraram mudança na estrutura do AFA de rio tropical em pH alcalino em comparação com a estrutura em pH ácido, corroborando com os resultados obtidos pela AFM.

Studies of the morphological behavior of fulvic acids were carried out using the Atomic Force Microscopy technique together with zeta Potential techniques and fluorescence spectroscopy. Results showed that the aquatic fulvic acid (AFA) of a Brazilian River changed its morphology when the AFA aqueous solution had its pH changed. In acid pH the morphology is granular forming 10-55 nm high agglomerates. In alkaline pH values were 2.5-4.0 nm, and the morphology forms non granular structures. These results suggest that for pH 3.0 electrostatic interactions are weak and hydrogen bonding is responsible for the aggregates formation; while at pH 9.0 electrostatic interactions are strong due to the increase in phenolic groups ionization and low hydrogen interaction forming open structures. Fluorescence spectroscopy results confirmed the AFM, that is, a change in the AFA in tropical river in alkaline pH compared to the structure in acid pH.

Lysozyme protein net is set on a glass fiber support using the self-assembly technique. Enzymatic film formation is followed by surface imaging via atomic force microscopy (AFM). Change in roughness as a function of deposition time is used as an indirect indicator of film formation. The objective was to form a protein film that would have no effect on the permeability of the medium, aiming at its application as a bioactive membrane or reactor suitable for bacteria and chemical interactions in aqueous media.

Observou-se o efeito de quatro estimulantes vegetais no desenvolvimento de plantas de pepino 'Hibrido Caipira AG-207', em condições de casa de vegetação, tendo a semeadura sido realizada em vasos de cerâmica e as plantas pulverizadas sete dias após a semeadura, com Triacontanol (1-hidroxitriacontano) na dosagem de 0,5 g/l, Ergostim (L-cisteina e ácido fólico + izometilentramina) 2 ml/ l, Atonik (mononitroguaiacol sódico e outros compostos nitrogenados aromáticos) 0,5 ml/l e Agrostemin (alantoina + triptofano +ácido fólico + ácido glutâmico + ácido alantóico + arcialanina + outros aminoácidos) 1,25 g/l. Através dos resultados obtidos verificou-se que nenhum dos estimulantes vegetais estudados promoveu aumento em altura das plantas de pepino, embora tenham mostrado uma tendência em provocar um aumento no peso da matéria seca.

This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of Triacontanol (0.5 g/l), Ergostim (2 ml/l), Atonik (0.5 ml/l) and Agrostemmin (1.25 g/l) on growth of cucumber plants 'Hibrido Caipira AG-207'. Cucumber plants were sprayed 7 days after sowing, under greenhouse conditions. Agrostemmin reduced plant height until 20 days after sowing. Atonik reduced plant height 27 days after sowing. At 34 days after cucumber sowing, plants treated with the plant stimulants not differed in height in relation to check treatment. Agrostemmin and Ergostim increased dry matter production of the lower part of the plant. The plant stimulants does not change the dry matter production of the apical region of cucumber plants.

Este ensaio foi conduzido com o objetivo de verificar o efeito do ácido indolbutírico (lBA), ácido naftalenacético (NAA), ácido indolilacético (IAA) e ácido succínico-2,2-dimetilhidrazida (SADH) no enraizamento de estacas de plantas jovens de seringueira. As estacas utilizadas foram retiradas da parte inferior das plantas e tiveram suas bases imersas por 1 hora em água, ou em soluções de IBA, NAA, IAA e SADH 2500 ppm. Os resultados obtidos 77 dias após o plantio mostraram que IBA promoveu maior porcentagem de enraizamento com relação ao controle. Porém, em relação ao brotamento das estacas, o tratamento com SADH mostrou-se superior ao controle. Os tratamentos com NAA e IAA revelaram resultados inferiores ao controle em relação ao número de estacas vivas, estacas com calos e estacas com brotações.

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of IBA, NAA, IAA and SADH on rooting of stem cuttings of Hevea brasilien sis. The stem cuttings were taken from the base of 18 months old plants, and then immersed in water or IBA, NAA, IAA and SADH solutions at concentration of 2500 ppm, by 1 hour.Pllants treated with IBA showed higher percentage of rooting compared with check treatment. SADH promoted increase in bud break. NAA and IAA reduced the number of cuttings alive, budded and with callus formation.