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The alien species Stenochrus portoricensis (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae): decreasing the Wallacean shortfall in the New World
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Villarreal, Osvaldo

; Sánchez, Nestor

; Ascenção, Antonio de

; Carvalho, Leonardo S.

; Delgado-Santa, Leonardo

; Moreno-González, Jairo A.

Iheringia. Série Zoologia

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2023, Volume 113 elocation e2023005

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT The widely distributed species, Stenochrus portoricensis Chamberlin, 1922, is recorded for the first time from Costa Rica and Venezuela, and new occurrences from Brazil and Colombia are presented. Morphology of spermathecae from 14 localities is compared and illustrated. The need for studies to evaluate the potential status as an invasive species of S. portoricensis is commented on and a distribution map of the species in southern Central America and South America is given.

RESUMEN La especie exótica Stenochrus portoricensis Chamberlin, 1922 (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae): disminución del déficit de Wallace en el Nuevo Mundo. La especie de amplia distribución Stenochrus portoricensis Chamberlin, 1922 se registra por primera vez en Costa Rica y Venezuela, y se presentan nuevas ocurrencias en Brasil y Colombia. Se compara e ilustra la morfología de las espermatecas de especímenes provenientes de 14 localidades. Se comenta la necesidad de realizar estudios para evaluar el estatus potencial de S. portoricensis como especie invasora y se presenta un mapa de distribución de la especie en el sur de Centroamérica y Sudamérica.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766e2023005

Memory elicitation, T-cell response and antibody production: an independent study of an inactivated entire virus vaccine (Coronavac)
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SOUZA-SILVA, GUILHERME ANTONIO DE

; AQUINO, RODRIGO CESAR A. DE

; SOUSA, GEORON F. DE

; BARROS, BÁRBARA RAFAELA S.

; LIMA, MARÍLLIA RAPHAELLA C.F. DE

; CRUZ, LEONARDO C.O.

; MARCOS, BIANCA F. SÃO

; SILVA, ANNA JÉSSICA D.

; TALES, APARECIDA VIRGÍNIA S.

; DINIZ, MADI V.

; LIMA, MÔNICA MARIA C.

; SÁ, IGOR W.A. DE

; RODRIGUES, FÁBIO AUGUSTO C.

; SOUZA, EDSON B. DE

; NASCIMENTO, ARIONE V. DO

; VIEIRA, AMANDA M.

; CARVALHO, BRUNO M. DE

; CAMPELO JÚNIOR, EVÔNIO B.

; FREITAS, ANTONIO CARLOS DE

; MELO, CRISTIANE M.L. DE

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2022, Volume 94 N. 3 elocation e20211590

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Health professionals working to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic are one of the main risk groups for the disease, being prioritized for vaccination. Considering this, the aim of this study was to analyze the immune response of these professionals immunized with CoronaVac in the first and second doses. Blood samples were collected after the first and second doses of the vaccine (CoronaVac) and used to investigate hematological and biochemical parameters, analysis of immunoglobulin production, cytokines, and gene expression profile, as well as the identification of subsets of immune cells. Post-first dose immunological phenotypic memory (CD27+) profiles (T CD4+, TCD8+ and CD19+) showed a significant increase, as did Monocyte APCs (CD80+HLA-DR+) in relation to the second dose. The cytokines IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-° showed increased values in relation to the other analyzed cytokines. The Th2/Th17 profile in the second dose was characterized by gene expression analysis. The production of IgM and IgG after vaccination showed statistically significant values in the comparison between doses. CoronaVac showed activation of APCs monocytes, memory response of T and B lymphocytes, with immunoglobulins production. This set of responses is characterized by the Th2/Th17 immunological profile.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220211590

In vitro and in silico evaluation of the schistosomicidal activity of eugenol derivatives using biochemical, molecular, and morphological tools
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Souza, Isabella Maria Monteiro de

; Novaes, Romulo Dias

; Gonçalves, Reggiani Vilela

; Fialho, Felipe Leonardo Bley

; Carvalho, Diogo Teixeira

; Souza, Thiago Belarmino de

; Dias, Danielle Ferreira

; Lavorato, Stefânia Neiva

; Souza, Raquel Lopes Martins

; Marques, Marcos José

; Castro, Aline Pereira

Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases

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2022, Volume 28 elocation e20210108

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background Eugenol shows both antibacterial and antiparasitic activities, suggesting that it might be evaluated as an option for the treatment of praziquantel-resistant schistosome. Methods The in vitro activities of three eugenol derivatives (FB1, FB4 and FB9) on adult worms from Schistosoma mansoni were examined by fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy to analyze effects on the excretory system and integument damage, respectively. Biochemical tests with verapamil (a calcium channel antagonist) and ouabain (a Na+/K+-ATPase pump inhibitor) were used to characterize eugenol derivative interactions with calcium channels and the Na+/K+-ATPase, while in silico analysis identified potential Na+/K+-ATPase binding sites. Results The compounds showed effective doses (ED50) of 0.324 mM (FB1), 0.167 mM (FB4), and 0.340 mM (FB9). In addition, FB4 (0.322 mM), which showed the lowest ED50, ED90 and ED100 (p < 0.05), caused the most damage to the excretory system and integument, according to both fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The death of adult worms was delayed by ouabain treatment plus FB1 (192 versus 72 hours) and FB9 (192 versus 168 hours), but the response to FB4 was the same in the presence or absence of ouabain. Besides, no changes were noted when all of the eugenol derivatives were combined with verapamil. Moreover, FB1 and FB9 inhibited Na+/K+-ATPase activity according to in silico analysis but FB4 did not show a time-dependent relationship and may act on targets other than the parasite Na+/K+-ATPase. Conclusion Eugenol derivatives, mainly FB4 when compared to FB1 and FB9, seem to act more effectively on the integument of adult S. mansoni worms.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2021-0108

Development of a TD-NMR Method to Monitor Brazil Nuts Oil Content: A Green and Low-Cost Based Approach
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Ribeiro, Úrsula A.

; Queiroz, Leonardo C.

; Marassi, Agide G.

; Carvalho, André S.

; Barros, Gabriel A.

; Consalter, Daniel M.

; Bezerra, Jaqueline A.

; Santos, Alan D. C.

; Colnago, Luiz Alberto

; Machado, Marcos B.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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jul 2021, Volume 32 N. 7 Pages 1405 - 1412

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Growth in the international popularity of Brazil nuts oil (Bertholletia excelsa, Bonpl.) has demanded a closer look at quality aspects of the nuts. In this context, time-domain 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (TD-NMR) can be a useful tool for assessing the lipid portion of such matrices. In this work, a TD-NMR method was developed and validated to assess the oil content directly from Brazil nuts following the ISO 10565:1998 and DOQ-CGCRE-008. Full validation was addressed covering the working range from 0.67 to 25.00 g (coefficient of determination, R2= 0.9993). Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.20 and 0.67 g, respectively. The repeatability and intermediate precision assays met the guide requirements. Oil contents obtained in two laboratories (different equipment) were statistically similar (66.93 ± 4.69 and 70.13 ± 4.15%), highlighting the method’s robustness. The developed approach has the potential to be adopted as an industrial reference method for in situ monitoring of Brazil nuts oil contents.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20210039 105 downloads

Visceral leishmaniasis: historical series of hospitalized patients and correlation with climate in an endemic area in Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Martins, Igor M. L.

; Silva, Jescilene S.

; Campos, Danielle Karla O.

; Oliveira, Ricardo S.

; Silva, Patrick Leonardo N.

; Carvalho, Silvio Fernando G.

; Caldeira, Antônio P.

Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial

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2021, Volume 57 elocation e2702021

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

RESUMEN Introducción La leishmaniasis visceral (LV) es una enfermedad infecciosa causada por protozoos del género Leishmania; predomina en las regiones tropicales, subtropicales y templadas. Objetivo Caracterizar una serie de casos de LV en pacientes mayores de 18 años atendidos en un hospital de referencia del norte de Minas Gerais, así como describir la ocurrencia de casos, según la caracterización climatológica, y correlacionar la distribución de los casos con la lluvia y la temperatura ambiente. Métodos El diseño del estudio fue una serie de casos recopilados entre 1999 y 2016. Los datos se extrajeron de historias clínicas seleccionadas cronológicamente. La información climática se recopiló en el Centro de estudios del Semiárido de la Universidad Federal de Montes Claros (Unimontes). Resultados Hubo un ligero predominio del sexo masculino (54,4%) y de edades comprendidas entre uno y cuatro años (42,9%). El tiempo de evolución de las manifestaciones clínicas hasta el momento de la hospitalización osciló entre cinco y 120 días, siendo la duración más frecuente entre 16 y 30 días (34,4%). Hepatomegalia, esplenomegalia, palidez cutánea y fiebre fueron manifestaciones presentes en más del 90% de los pacientes al ingreso. El diagnóstico se realizó por métodos serológicos en la mayoría de los casos (85,9%). La mayor parte de los ingresos duró entre 16 y 30 días (44%) y el alta hospitalaria con orientación para el control ambulatorio fue el resultado más frecuente de los ingresos. El porcentaje de muertes fue del 2%. Conclusión Las características predominantes son niños varones de 1 a 4 años, que acudió al servicio de salud con la clásica tríada LV: hepatoesplenomegalia, palidez y fiebre prolongada. En este estudio no hubo asociación estadísticamente significativa entre temperatura, precipitación y número de casos, sin embargo, existen matices en los factores ambientales que influyen en la dinámica de transmisión de LV, los cuales varían de región a otra.

https://doi.org/10.5935/1676-2444.20210045 1 downloads

Time of nitrogen supply in yield, industrial and chemical quality of oat grains
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Kraisig, Adriana R.

; Silva, José A. G. da

; Carvalho, Ivan R.

; Mamann, Ângela T. W. De

; Corso, Janiele S.

; Norbert, Leonardo

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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oct 2020, Volume 24 N. 10 Pages 700 - 706

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O momento de aplicação de nitrogênio em aveia pode melhorar a eficiência de aproveitamento do nutriente e a expressão da produtividade e qualidade de grãos. O objetivo do estudo foi indicar a melhor época de aplicação de nitrogênio em aveia, considerando diferentes condições de fornecimento de doses de nitrogênio na semeadura e em cobertura na produtividade e nos indicadores da qualidade industrial e química de grãos, considerando dois sistemas de sucessão de cultivo do cereal no Brasil. O experimento foi conduzido no ano de 2018, em Augusto Pestana, RS, Brasil. O delineamento foi o de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 3 × 4, para três doses de nitrogênio na semeadura (0, 30 e 60 kg ha-1) alterando a dose em cobertura pelo total fornecido de 70 e 100 kg ha-1 em sistema soja/aveia e milho/aveia, respectivamente. O fornecimento do nutriente em cobertura foi em quatro épocas (0, 10, 30 e 60 dias) após a emergência da aveia. A ausência do nutriente na semeadura e aplicação da dose total em cobertura ao redor de 30 dias após emergência proporciona resultados vantajosos, melhorando a produtividade e indicadores da qualidade industrial e química dos grãos.

ABSTRACT The timing of nitrogen application in oats can improve the efficiency of use of the nutrient and the expression of productivity and quality of grains. The objective of the study was to indicate the best time of application of nitrogen in oats, considering different conditions of nitrogen dose in the sowing/topdressing in the expression of productivity and the effects on the indicators of industrial and chemical quality of grains, considering the main succession systems of cereal cultivation in Brazil. The experiment was conducted in 2018, in Augusto Pestana, RS, Brazil. The design was randomized blocks with four repetitions, in a 3 × 4 factorial scheme, with three doses of nitrogen at sowing (0, 30 and 60 kg ha-1), changing the topdressing dose by the total supply of 70 and 100 kg ha-1 in succession system soybean/oats and corn/oats, respectively, with the timings of supply in topdressing at 0, 10, 30 and 60 days after emergence. The total doses were defined looking for grain yield expectations of 4000 kg ha-1. In the management of nitrogen in oats, the absence of the nutrient at sowing and application of the total dose in topdressing around 30 days after emergence provides advantageous results, improving productivity and indicators of industrial and chemical quality of grains.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v24n10p700-706 470 downloads

Dichotomaria marginata (Rhodophyta) as a bioindicator for marine pollution: An overview about its metabolites and adsorbed pollutants
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Garcia, Angelica Nunes

; Stein, Erika Mattos

; Villela, Leonardo Zambotti

; Yokoya, Nair S.

; Colepicolo Neto, Pio

; Carvalho, Luciana Retz de

Revista de biología marina y oceanografía

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aug 2020, Volume 55 N. 2 Pages 128 - 141

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract: Macroalgae are considered bioindicators for marine pollution, because they have the ability to quickly react to changes in their environment. In consequence, macroalgae populations fluctuate, according to species characteristics and adaptive strategies. Their cell wall polysaccharides contain sulfate groups that are capable of retaining and accumulating heavy metals. In addition to traditional contaminants, emerging pollutants are being recognized in aquatic environments. Herein, emerging pollutants have been identified after being desorbed from the macroalga Dichotomaria marginata, collected from Fortaleza Beach, Ubatuba, Brazil. Based on that algal polysaccharide networks have the potential of forming hydrogen bonds with polar compounds, it was hypothesized that these pollutants would be bound to sugar polymers. Compounds present in the D. marginata samples were identified using both gas and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS and HPLC/MS), assisted by computational methods. It was possible to unequivocally identify 22 emerging contaminants with GC/MS, and 16 substances with HPLC/MS.

Resumen: Las macroalgas se consideran bioindicadores de la contaminación marina, ya que tienen la capacidad de reaccionar rápidamente a los cambios en su entorno. En consecuencia, las poblaciones de macroalgas fluctúan, según las características de las especies y las estrategias de adaptación. Sus polisacáridos de la pared celular contienen grupos sulfato que son capaces de retener y acumular metales pesados. Además de los contaminantes tradicionales, los contaminantes emergentes están siendo reconocidos en ambientes acuáticos. En este trabajo, los contaminantes emergentes se han identificado después de ser desorbidos de la macroalga, Dichotomaria marginata, recolectada en la playa de Fortaleza, Ubatuba, Brasil. Basado en el hecho de que las redes de polisacáridos de algas tienen el potencial de formar enlaces de hidrógeno con compuestos polares, se planteó la hipótesis de que estos contaminantes estarían unidos a polímeros de azúcar. Los compuestos presentes en las muestras de D. marginata se identificaron mediante cromatografía de gases y líquidos-espectrometría de masas (GC-MS y LC-MS), asistidos por métodos computacionales. Fue posible identificar inequívocamente 22 contaminantes emergentes con GC-MS y 16 sustancias con LC-MS.

https://doi.org/10.22370/rbmo.2020.55.2.2498 157 downloads

Registro Multicêntrico de Takotsubo (REMUTA) – Aspectos Clínicos, Desfechos Intra-Hospitalares e Mortalidade a Longo Prazo
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Almeida Junior, Gustavo Luiz Gouvêa de

; Mansur Filho, João

; Albuquerque, Denilson Campos de

; Xavier, Sergio Salles

; Pontes, Álvaro

; Gouvêa, Elias Pimentel

; Martins, Alexandre Bahia Barreiras

; Nunes, Nágela S. V.

; Carestiato, Lilian Vieira

; Petriz, João Luiz Fernandes

; Santos, Armando Márcio Gonçalves

; Bandeira, Bruno Santana

; Abufaiad, Bárbara Elaine de Jesus

; Pacheco, Luciana da Camara

; Oliveira, Maurício Sales de

; Ribeiro Filho, Paulo Eduardo Campana

; Sampaio, Pedro Paulo Nogueres

; Duque, Gustavo Salgado

; Camillis, Luiz Felipe

; Marques, André Casarsa

; Lourenço Jr, Francisco Carlos

; Palazzo, José Ricardo

; Costa, Cláudio Ramos da

; Silva, Bibiana Almeida da

; Zukowski, Cleverson Neves

; Garcia, Romulo Ribeiro

; Zonis, Fernanda de Carvalho

; Paula, Suzana Andressa Morais de

; Ferrari, Carolina Gravano Ferraz

; Rangel, Bruno Soares da Silva

; Ferreira, Roberto Muniz

; Mendes, Bárbara Ferreira da Silva

; Castro, Isabela Ribeiro Carvalho de

; Souza, Leonardo Giglio Gonçalves de

; Araújo, Luiz Henrique dos Santos

; Giani, Alexandre

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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aug 2020, Volume 115 N. 2 Pages 207 - 216

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Fundamento A síndrome de takotsubo (takotsubo) é uma forma de cardiomiopatia adquirida. Dados nacionais sobre essa condição são escassos. O Registro REMUTA é o primeiro a incluir dados multicêntricos dessa condição no nosso país. Objetivo Descrever as características clínicas, prognóstico, tratamento intra-hospitalar e mortalidade hospitalar e em 1 ano de seguimento. Métodos Estudo observacional, retrospectivo, tipo registro. Incluídos pacientes internados com diagnóstico de takotsubo ou que desenvolveram esta condição durante internação por outra causa. Os desfechos avaliados incluíram fator desencadeador, análise dos exames, uso de medicações, complicações e óbito intra-hospitalar e em 1 ano de seguimento. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados Foram incluídos 169 pacientes, em 12 centros no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. A idade média foi de 70,9 ± 14,1 anos e 90,5% eram do sexo feminino; 63% dos casos foram de takotsubo primário e 37% secundário. Troponina I foi positiva em 92,5% dos pacientes e a mediana de BNP foi de 395 (176,5; 1725). Supradesnivelamento do segmento ST esteve presente em 28% dos pacientes. A fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo teve mediana de 40 (35; 48)%. Observamos taxa de 25,7% de ventilação mecânica invasiva e 17,4% de choque. Suporte circulatório mecânico foi utilizado em 7,7%. A mortalidade intra-hospitalar foi de 10,6% e a mortalidade ao final de 1 ano foi de 16,5%. Takotsubo secundário e choque cardiogênico foram preditores independentes de mortalidade. Conclusão Os resultados do REMUTA mostram que takotsubo não se trata de patologia benigna como se pensava, especialmente no grupo de takotsubo secundário que acarreta elevada taxa de complicações e de mortalidade. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(2):207-216)

Abstract Background Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is an acquired form of cardiomyopathy. National Brazilian data on this condition are scarce. The Takotsubo Multicenter Registry (REMUTA) is the first to include multicenter data on this condition in Brazil. Objective To describe the clinical characteristics, prognosis, in-hospital treatment, in-hospital mortality, and mortality during 1 year of follow-up. Methods This is an observational, retrospective registry study including patients admitted to the hospital with diagnosis of TTS and patients admitted for other reasons who developed this condition. Evaluated outcomes included triggering factor, analysis of exams, use of medications, complications, in-hospital mortality, and mortality during 1 year of follow-up. A significance level of 5% was adopted. Results The registry included 169 patients from 12 centers in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mean age was 70.9 ± 14.1 years, and 90.5% of patients were female; 63% of cases were primary TTS, and 37% were secondary. Troponin I was positive in 92.5% of patients, and median BNP was 395 (176.5; 1725). ST-segment elevation was present in 28% of patients. Median left ventricular ejection fraction was 40 (35; 48)%. We observed invasive mechanical ventilation in 25.7% of cases and shock in 17.4%. Mechanical circulatory support was used in 7.7%. In-hospital mortality was 10.6%, and mortality at 1 year of follow-up was 16.5%. Secondary TTS and cardiogenic shock were independent predictors of mortality. Conclusion The results of the REMUTA show that TTS is not a benign pathology, as was once thought, especially regarding the secondary TTS group, which has a high rate of complications and mortality. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(2):207-216)

https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20190166 1217 downloads

Acetabular ventroversion using the sacroiliac wedge, with or without pelvic osteotomies in dogs: an ex vivo study
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Ikenaga, Fernanda M.

; Rocha, Jessé R.

; Carvalho, Leonardo L.

; Honsho, Cristiane S.

; Dias, Fernanda G.G.

; Costa, Rodrigo C.

; Rocha, Thiago A.S.S.

; Dias, Luís G.G.G.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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aug 2019, Volume 39 N. 8 Pages 643 - 648

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: A displasia coxofemoral (DCF) é afecção comum na clínica cirúrgica de pequenos animais. Entre as técnicas cirúrgicas para controle da DCF, a osteotomia pélvica tripla (OPT) e a cunha sacroilíaca (CSI), promovem rotação lateral acetabular no eixo axial (ventroversão), aumentando a cobertura acetabular e a estabilidade da articulação. Desta forma, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar radiograficamente, por meio da aferição do ângulo de Norberg (NA) e da porcentagem de cobertura acetabular (PCA), a ventroversão acetabular induzida pela técnica da cunha sacroilíaca, associada ou não às osteotomias pélvicas, além de verificar a exequibilidade das cunhas confeccionadas de poliamida com angulação de 20ο e 30ο. O software utilizado para aferir o AN e o PCA foi o AutoCAD® 2009. Dez pelves de cadáveres caninos foram avaliadas radiograficamente em quatro momentos: MO (Grupo Controle), M1 (cunhas de 20ο e 30ο), M2 e M3 (cunhas associadas à osteotomia bilateral do púbis e ísquio, respectivamente). Não houve aumento significativo da ventroversão em M1, M2 e M3. A técnica de cunha sacroilíaca de poliamida mostrou-se exequível, estável e de fácil aplicação. Não obstante, o software utilizado mostrou-se eficiente e de fácil utilização nas aferições do AN e PCA. Neste estudo, mesmo tratando-se de cadáveres de cães adultos e de maioria não displásicos, concluiu-se que a utilização da técnica de cunha sacroilíaca não necessita de associação à ostectomia púbica e a osteotomia do ísquio por não promoverem aumento significativo do AN e da PCA.

ABSTRACT: Canine hip dysplasia (CHD) is a common condition observed in the surgical clinics for small animals. Among the surgical techniques for management of CHD, triple pelvic osteotomy and sacroiliac wedge promote acetabular lateral axial rotation (ventroversion), increasing acetabular coverage and joint stability. The present study aimed to evaluate radiographically, by measuring the Norberg angle (NA) and the acetabular coverage percentage (ACP), the acetabular ventroversion induced by the sacroiliac wedge technique, with or without pelvic osteotomies; we also checked the feasibility of wedges made of polyamide with an angulation of 20° and 30°. The software used to measure NA and ACP was AutoCAD® 2009. Pelves from 10 canine corpses were evaluated radiographically at four time-points: M0 (Control Group), M1 (wedges of 20° and 30°), M2 and M3 (wedges associated with bilateral pubis and ischium osteotomies, respectively). There was no significant increase in the acetabular ventroversion at M1, M2, and M3. The polyamide sacroiliac wedge technique proved to be feasible, stable, and easy to apply. Further, the software proved to be efficient and easy to use for NA and ACP measurements. In the present study, even in the cases of non-dysplasic adult canine corpses, it was concluded that the sacroiliac wedge technique does not require to be accompanied by pubis and ischial osteotomies because they did not significantly increase the NA and ACP.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5908 676 downloads

10.

Search for sources of resistance to Meloidogyne enterolobii in commercial and wild tomatoes
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Silva, Alysson J da

; Oliveira, Gustavo HF de

; Pastoriza, Rhuan JG

; Maranhão, Eduardo HA

; Pedrosa, Elvira MR

; Maranhão, Sandra RVL

; Boiteux, Leonardo S

; Pinheiro, Jadir B

; Carvalho Filho, José Luiz S de

Horticultura Brasileira

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jun 2019, Volume 37 N. 2 Pages 188 - 198

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Meloidogyne enterolobii (=M. mayaguensis) é um patógeno de plantas capaz de induzir galhas e reduzir produtividade de uma vasta gama de espécies hospedeiras. Este patógeno tem sido também reportado como ameaça global para a cultura do tomateiro (Solanum lycopersicum), principalmente, por causa da sua habilidade de suplantar a resistência a algumas espécies de Meloidogyne mediada pelo gene Mi-1. Apesar da importância potencial deste nematoide, fontes de resistência a M. enterolobii ainda não estão disponíveis para fins de melhoramento. O principal objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar um amplo germoplasma de Solanum (seção Lycopersicum) composto por nove espécies e uma variedade botânica, objetivando identificar fontes de resistência a M. enterolobii. No primeiro ensaio, 101 acessos e a cultivar Santa Cruz, empregada como padrão de suscetibilidade, foram inoculados e avaliados sob condição controlada. As variáveis foram o índice de galhas, número de galhas e de ovos nas raízes e o fator de reprodução. Vinte acessos promissores quanto à reação de resistência a M. enterolobii, no primeiro ensaio, foram selecionados e testados no ensaio seguinte. Os acessos S. lycopersicum ‘Yoshimatsu’, S. lycopersicum ‘CNPH 1246’ e S. pimpinelifolium CGO 7650 (= CNPH 1195) foram identificados com melhor comportamento de resistência a M. enterolobii. Estes acessos foram reavaliados contra uma população distinta de M. enterolobii e também contra M. javanica e M. incognita raça 1. Sob maior pressão de inóculo, ‘Yoshimatsu’ foi resistente a M. javanica e a M. incognita raça 1, mas, suscetível a M. enterolobii. Os outros dois acessos foram suscetíveis aos três nematoides. Germoplasmas adicionais devem ser avaliados uma vez que fontes de resistência a M. enterolobii ainda não foram encontradas.

ABSTRACT Meloidogyne enterolobii (=M. mayaguensis) is an emerging plant pathogen capable of inducing root galls and yield reduction in a wide range of host species. This pathogen has also been reported as a global threat for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) crop production mainly due to its ability to overcome the resistance meditated by the Mi-1 gene. Despite the potential importance of this nematode, sources of resistance to M. enterolobii are not yet available for breeding purposes. The main objective of the present work was to evaluate a large Solanum (section Lycopersicum) germplasm (comprising nine species and one botanic variety) aiming to identify useful sources of resistance to M. enterolobii. In the first screening assay, 101 accessions and the susceptible standard S. lycopersicum ‘Santa Cruz’ were inoculated and evaluated under controlled conditions. The phenotypic criteria used for evaluation were the number of root galls, gall index, number of eggs, and the reproduction factor. Plants of the 20 selected accessions were cultivated in 0.4 L pots filled with sterile soil. Inoculation procedures were identical to the first assay, but with higher inoculum pressure (3,300 eggs per plant). Three accessions with superior tolerance levels to M. enterolobii were identified viz. S. lycopersicum ‘Yoshimatsu’, S. lycopersicum ‘CNPH 1246’ and S. pimpinelifolium CGO 7650 (= CNPH 1195). These accessions were re-evaluated against a distinct M. enterolobii population as well as against two other root-knot nematode species (M. javanica and one M. incognita race 1). Under higher inoculum pressure, ‘Yoshimatsu’ was found to be resistant to M. javanica and M. incognita race 1, but susceptible to M. enterolobii from guava. The other two sources displayed susceptibility to all three nematodes. Additional germplasm screening is needed since no source of stable genetic resistance to M. enterolobii was found so far.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-053620190209 888 downloads

11.

HPLC-PDA method validated for the determination of hibalactone in Hydrocotyle umbellata subterraneous parts and its ultrasound-assisted extraction optimization
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Oliveira, Matheus G. de

; Almeida, Paulo H.G. de

; Oliveira, Thiago L.S.

; Silva, Liliane de S.

; Carvalho, Flávio S. de

; Alves, Suzana F.

; Borges, Leonardo L.

; Santos, Pierre A. dos

; Silva, Vinicius B. da

; Paula, José R. de

Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia

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apr 2019, Volume 29 N. 2 Pages 162 - 170

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT In this work, we developed and validated a HPLC-PDA method for the quantification of hibalactone in Hydrocotyle umbellata L., Araliaceae, subterraneous parts extracts and optimized its ultrasound-assisted extraction. Chromatographic separations were carried out with an isocratic mobile phase of acetonitrile/methanol/water (10:65:25), a flow of 0.8 ml min−1, detection at 290 nm and C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm). The method validation parameters were determined according to Brazilian legislation. The optimization of the hibalactone ultrasound-assisted extraction was performed using Box–Behnken design and response surface methodology. The HPLC method for hibalactone quantification proved to be selective, linear, precise, accurate and robust, being useful for the analysis of hibalactone in H. umbellata subterraneous parts extracts. The optimal ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions were obtained with solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:5 g ml−1, ethanolic strength of 70% (v/v) and temperature of 65 °C. The results can provide support of the quality control and standardization of raw materials from H. umbellata.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2018.10.003 572 downloads

12.

Cetacean movements in coastal waters of the southwestern Atlantic ocean
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Santos, Marcos C. de O.

; Laílson-Brito, José

; Flach, Leonardo

; Oshima, Júlia E. F.

; Figueiredo, Giovanna C.

; Carvalho, Rafael R.

; Ventura, Elisa S.

; Molina, Julia M. B.

; Azevedo, Alexandre F.

Biota Neotropica

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2019, Volume 19 N. 2 elocation e20180670

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo: Cetáceos foram monitorados em cerca de 700 km da costa sudeste do Brasil (22°S a 25°S) entre 1995 e 2014 com o uso da fotoidentificação. O objetivo deste estudo foi de identificar quaisquer presenças de movimentos de longa distância de indivíduos das espécies monitoradas e discutir suas implicações. Dados de movimentos de longa distância de quatro das espécies monitoradas são apresentados após a análise de 321.765 fotos obtidas para identificações individuais. Sete indivíduos de quatro populações de boto-cinza (Sotalia guianensis) consideradas residentes a estuários e baías particulares foram reportados em movimentos de dispersão envolvendo pares de áreas protegidas em distâncias que variaram entre 86 e 135 km. Três golfinhos-de-dentes-rugosos (Steno bredanensis) catalogados e avistados primeiramente na Baía de Guanabara, Rio de Janeiro (22°46'S), em novembro de 2011, foram avistados 240 km mais ao sul como membros de um mesmo grupo nas águas costeiras do Estado de São Paulo (23°46'S) em julho de 2014. A profundidade da água onde essas avistagens aconteceram variou entre 16 e 52,7 m; avistagens de golfinhos-de-dentes-rugosos têm sido efetuadas em águas rasas na costa sudeste do Brasil, embora a distribuição global da espécie esteja associada a águas profundas. Em um intervalo de 27 dias na primavera de 2012, um grupo de 16 orcas (Orcinus orca) se desclocou cerca de 277 km em águas rasas variando entre 20 e 30 m. Orcas são comumente avistadas entre novembro e fevereiro no sudeste do Brasil, possivelmente em busca de presas. Nos meses de verão entre 2012 e 2014, três baleias-de-Bryde (Balaenoptera edeni) avistadas em águas de 14 a 49 m de profundidade, moveram-se entre 218 e 327 km. baleias-de-Bryde são encontradas em águas costeiras locais onde passam os meses de verão se alimentando de sardinhas. Até o presente momento, esses são os deslocamentos estimados como os de maiores distâncias observados para S. guianensis, S. bredanensis, O. orca and B. edeni no Atlântico Sudoeste.

Abstract: Cetaceans were monitored along ca. 700 km of the southeast coast of Brazil (22°S to 25°S) from 1995 to 2014 using photo-identification. The objective of this study was to identify any presence of long-distance movements for monitored cetacean species and discuss implications. Data on long-range movements of four of the monitored species are presented after the analysis of 321,765 photographs taken for individual identification. Seven individuals from four populations of Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) considered resident to particular estuaries or bays were reported in dispersal involving movement between pairs of protected areas over long-range distances varying between 86 and 135 km. Three cataloged rough-toothed dolphins (Steno bredanensis), first seen in Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro state (22°46'S) in November 2011, were sighted 240 km southwards as members of the same group in coastal waters of São Paulo state (23°46'S) in July 2014. Water depth for those sightings ranged from 16 to 52.7 m; local sightings of rough-toothed dolphins in Brazil have frequently been in shallow waters, but the species global distribution is usually associated with deeper waters. In a 27-day interval in the spring of 2012, a group of 16 orcas (Orcinus orca) travelled ca. 277 km in shallow coastal waters ranging from 20 to 30 m deep. Orcas are commonly observed between November and February in southeast Brazil, probably in search for prey. In summer months between 2012 and 2014, three Bryde's whales (Balaenoptera edeni) sighted in waters ranging from 14 to 49 m deep, moved between 218 and 327 km. Bryde's whales are usually found in local coastal waters where they spend summer months feeding on sardines. To date, these are the longest estimated movements reported to S. guianensis, S. bredanensis, O. orca and B. edeni in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2018-0670 1777 downloads

13.

Production of cut sunflower under water volumes and substrates with coconut fiber
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Oliveira, Marcelo S. de

; Carvalho, Daniel F. de

; Gomes, Daniela P.

; Pereira, Fernandes A. C.

; Medici, Leonardo O.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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dec 2018, Volume 22 N. 12 Pages 859 - 865

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a produção de girassol de corte em resposta a diferentes volumes de água e substratos, constituídos de solo e fibra de coco. Foram realizados dois experimentos simultâneos em casa de vegetação, localizada no setor de Horticultura da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica - RJ, Brasil (22º 48’ S, 43º 41’ W e altitude de 33 m), entre abril e junho de 2016. A aplicação de água foi realizada por meio do Acionador Automático para Irrigação (AAI), possibilitando a aplicação de diferentes volumes (33, 67 e 133% da capacidade de retenção do substrato) em relação ao tratamento controle (100%). Os substratos utilizados foram 1/3 de fibra de coco e 2/3 de solo (v/v) (Experimento 1), e 2/3 de fibra de coco e 1/3 do solo (v/v) (Experimento 2). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com 5 repetições. O tratamento referente a 100% do volume aplicado pelo AAI possibilitou o melhor crescimento do girassol, proporcionando o aumento de renda potencial obtida com hastes em melhor padrão de comercialização de acordo com os preços praticados.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the production of cut sunflower in response to different water volumes and substrates, composed of soil and coconut fiber. Two simultaneous experiments were conducted in greenhouse, located in the Horticulture Sector of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica - RJ, Brazil (22º 48’ S, 43º 41’ W and altitude of 33 m), between April and June 2016. Water was applied by an Simplified Irrigation Controller (SIC), allowing the application of different volumes (33, 67 and 133% of retention capacity of substrate) in comparison to the control treatment (100%). The substrates used were 1/3 of coconut fiber and 2/3 of soil (v/v) (Experiment 1), and 2/3 of coconut fiber and 1/3 of soil (Experiment 2). The experimental design was completely randomized, with 5 replicates. The treatment with 100% of the volume applied by the SIC led to best growth of sunflower, increasing the potential income obtained with stems at better marketing standard according to the prices practiced.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v22n12p859-865 877 downloads

14.

Entomopathogenic nematodes for the control of Gryllus sp. (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) under laboratory and field conditions
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Andaló, Vanessa

; Rossati, Kellin Patrícia

; Carvalho, Fábio Janoni

; Mieko, Jéssica

; Faria, Lucas Silva de

; Assis, Gleice Aparecida de

; Barbosa, Leonardo Rodrigues

Arquivos do Instituto Biológico

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2018, Volume 85 elocation e0442017

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: Os nematoides entomopatogênicos (NEPs) são eficazes contra insetos de solo e têm sido usados em sistemas agrícolas. A ação de NEPs sobre grilos (Gryllus L.) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) foi avaliada em condições de laboratório e campo, a fim de selecionar populações para aplicação em área de cultivo. Foram realizados testes de virulência com Heterorhabditis amazonensis RSC05, H. amazonensis MC01, Steinernema carpocapsae All (Weiser) e H. amazonensis GL, assim como verificadas a adequação da concentração de juvenis infectantes (100, 200, 400 e 600 juvenis infectantes por inseto) e a preferência alimentar sem chance de escolha e com chance de escolha, além do teste de campo utilizando armadilhas para amostragem dos insetos. Verificou-se que todos os isolados causaram mortalidade em Gryllus sp. selecionando-se H. amazonensis MC01 e S. carpocapsae All e que o aumento na concentração de juvenis infectantes resultou em mortalidade crescente dos insetos. Com relação aos testes de preferência alimentar, observou-se que, após 16 horas, não houve alimentação em nenhum dos tratamentos. Nos tratamentos com chance de escolha, constatou-se que houve alimentação dos grilos, independentemente da presença ou não de nematoides. Nos testes de campo, antes da aplicação de juvenis infectantes, foram encontrados 19 grilos vivos nas armadilhas, e após a aplicação dos NEPs em suspensão aquosa foram encontrados 2 grilos vivos. Dessa forma, concluiu-se que H. amazonensis MC01 foi promissor no controle de Gryllus sp. nas condições testadas.

ABSTRACT: Entomopathogenic nematodes are effective in controlling soil insects and they are used in agricultural systems. The virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes on crickets (Gryllus L.) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) was evaluated under different conditions in order to select populations for application in the field. Virulence tests with Heterorhabditis amazonensis RSC05, H. amazonensis MC01, Steinernema carpocapsae All (Weiser) and H. amazonensis GL were performed. Evaluations were then made of the concentrations of infective juveniles (100, 200, 400 and 600 infective juveniles per insect); feeding preference with or without choice; and field tests using traps to evaluate insect sampling. All isolates were found to cause mortality in Gryllus sp., and H. amazonensis MC01 and S. carpocapsae All were selected; an increase in concentration resulted in increased insect mortality. Regarding the feeding preference tests, after 16 h there was no feeding in any of the treatments. In treatments with a chance of choice, it was verified that the crickets fed, independently of the presence of the nematodes. In the field tests, 19 live crickets were found in the traps, and, after application of entomopathogenic nematodes in aqueous suspension, 2 live crickets were found. Results suggested that H. amazonensis MC01 was promising in the control of Gryllus sp. under the tested conditions.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-1657000442017 2054 downloads

15.

Pharmacological characterization of cnidarian extracts from the Caribbean Sea: evaluation of anti-snake venom and antitumor properties
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Oliveira, Cláudia S.

; Caldeira, Cleópatra A. S.

; Diniz-Sousa, Rafaela

; Romero, Dolores L.

; Marcussi, Silvana

; Moura, Laura A.

; Fuly, André L.

; Carvalho, Cicília de

; Cavalcante, Walter L. G.

; Gallacci, Márcia

; Pai, Maeli Dal

; Zuliani, Juliana P.

; Calderon, Leonardo A.

; Soares, Andreimar M.

Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases

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2018, Volume 24 elocation 22

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background: Cnidarians produce toxins, which are composed of different polypeptides that induce pharmacological effects of biotechnological interest, such as antitumor, antiophidic and anti-clotting activities. This study aimed to evaluate toxicological activities and potential as antitumor and antiophidic agents contained in total extracts from five cnidarians: Millepora alcicornis, Stichodactyla helianthus, Plexaura homomalla, Bartholomea annulata and Condylactis gigantea (total and body wall). Methods: The cnidarian extracts were evaluated by electrophoresis and for their phospholipase, proteolytic, hemorrhagic, coagulant, fibrinogenolytic, neuromuscular blocking, muscle-damaging, edema-inducing and cytotoxic activities. Results: All cnidarian extracts showed indirect hemolytic activity, but only S. helianthus induced direct hemolysis and neurotoxic effect. However, the hydrolysis of NBD-PC, a PLA2 substrate, was presented only by the C gigantea (body wall) and S. helianthus. The extracts from P. homomalla and S. helianthus induced edema, while only C gigantea and S. helianthus showed intensified myotoxic activity. The proteolytic activity upon casein and fibrinogen was presented mainly by B. annulata extract and all were unable to induce hemorrhage or fibrinogen coagulation. Cnidarian extracts were able to neutralize clotting induced by Bothrops jararacussu snake venom, except M. alcicornis. All cnidarian extracts were able to inhibit hemorrhagic activity induced by Bothrops moojeni venom. Only the C. gigantea (body wall) inhibited thrombin-induced coagulation. All cnidarian extracts showed antitumor effect against Jurkat cells, of which C. gigantea (body wall) and S. helianthus were the most active; however, only C. gigantea (body wall) and M. alcicornis were active against B16F10 cells. Conclusion: The cnidarian extracts analyzed showed relevant in vitro inhibitory potential over the activities induced by Bothrops venoms; these results may contribute to elucidate the possible mechanisms of interaction between cnidarian extracts and snake venoms.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s40409-018-0161-z 749 downloads

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