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Effect of slope on the forest structure of the Atlantic Forest domain in southern Brazil
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Souza, D. C.

; Souza, L. R.

; Couto, E. V.

; Caxambú, M. G.

; Peron, A. P.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2024, Volume 84 elocation e258048

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Efeito da Inclinação na Estrutura de uma Floresta do Domínio Mata Atlântica no Sul do Brasil. A composição da paisagem em mosaico de fragmentos florestais localizados em encostas altas, solos rasos dificultam as interações ecológicas e a sobrevivência de espécies vegetais. Este estudo teve como objetivo mostrar em um ambiente com essas características o efeito do gradiente ambiental relacionando o solo, a declividade e a vegetação de um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual Montana. A estrutura da floresta foi amostrada em 12 parcelas retangulares contínuas, com 30X20m, totalizando 0,72ha. As amostras de solo foram coletadas por perfuração a cada 20m ao longo do divisor hidrográfico e abertura de três trincheiras usadas como locais de amostragem de solo para determinação in situ da cor do solo, horizonte e nutrientes. Os horizontes foram classificados como O/A/Cr na rocha alterada com presença marcante de cascalhos, e o solo foi classificado como Neossolo Litólico. A área apresenta declive acentuado, de 18,05% a 36,99%. A análise de regressão linear destacou o padrão oposto de riqueza de espécies em relação à inclinação e uma relação positiva entre a inclinação e o número de indivíduos mortos em pé. A riqueza de espécies também foi positivamente relacionada à distância das bordas da floresta. A avaliação evidenciou que a forte influência do declive e das atividades antrópicas no remanescente florestal são fatores comuns a diversos remanescentes de altitude, e pequenas ações de conservação podem garantir sua manutenção.

Abstract The mosaic landscape composition of forest fragments located on high slopes, shallow soils hinder ecological interactions and the survival of plant species. This study aimed to show, in an environment with these characteristics, the effect of the environmental gradient relating the soil, slope, and vegetation of a fragment of the Montane Seasonal Semideciduous Forest. The forest structure was sampled in 12 continuous rectangular plots, with 30 X 20m, totaling 0.72ha. Soil samples were taken by drilling every 20m along the hydrographic divisor and opening of three trenches used as soil sampling sites for in situ determination of soil color, horizon, and nutrients. Horizons were classified as O/A/Cr in the altered rock with a marked presence of gravels, and the soil was classified as Litholic Neosol. The area has a steep slope, from 18.05% to 36.99%. Linear regression analysis indicated an opposite pattern for species richness in relation to slope and a positive relationship between slope and the number of standing dead individuals. Species richness was also positively related to the distance from forest edges. The evaluation evidenced the strong influence of slope and human activities in forest remnant as common to several high-altitude remnants, and small conservation actions can guarantee their maintenance.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.258048

Fruiting phenology in Aspidosperma discolor and implications for seed dispersal and population distribution
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Menezes, Isiara Silva

; Santos, Marília Grazielly Mendes dos

; Cerqueira, Carlianne Oliveira

; Couto-Santos, Ana Paula Lima do

; Neves, Sâmia Paula Santos

; Rossatto, Davi Rodrigo

; Miranda, Lia d’Afonsêca Pedreira de

; Funch, Ligia Silveira

Rodriguésia

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2024, Volume 75 elocation e01222022

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract We investigated Aspidosperma discolor fruiting in three subpopulations in the inland Atlantic Forest of Northeastern Brazil, to better understand how local and global factors (such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation - ENSO) drive fruiting, and how functional traits are related to its dispersal potential and spatial distribution. Observations of mature fruits with dispersing seeds were carried out between 1993 and 2012. Dispersal potential was evaluated using seeds released at two different heights. Spatial distribution was analyzed using the Standardized Morisita dispersal index. A. discolor displayed seasonal fruiting during the dry season in all subpopulations, with variations in their average dates but without significant interannual variations in the proportions of fruiting individuals. The undulate seeds had average dispersal distances between 57.36 and 79.54 m. We found a random distribution pattern of the trees. The seasonal dry/rainy regime influenced fruiting and dispersal patterns, and seeds were released during the dry season (even in ENSO years). So, we demonstrate the importance of wind dispersal as a driving factor of fruiting, associated with an abiotic filter (low humidity) during the dry season. Additionally, the aerodynamic nature of the undulate diaspore and its dispersal potential influenced the random pattern of spatial distribution of A. discolor.

Resumo Investigamos a frutificação de três subpopulações de Aspidosperma discolor em uma área Mata Atlântica no interior do nordeste do Brasil, para entender melhor como fatores locais e globais (El Niño Southern Oscillation - ENOS) impulsionam a frutificação, e como as características da espécie estão relacionadas aos seus potenciais de dispersão e distribuição espacial. Frutos maduros com sementes em dispersão foram observados entre 1993 e 2012. A dispersão foi avaliada por lançar sementes em duas alturas diferentes. A distribuição foi analisada usando o índice de dispersão padronizado de Morisita. A. discolor apresentou frutificação sazonal durante a estação seca nas três subpopulações com variações de suas datas médias, mas sem variações interanuais nas proporções de indivíduos frutificando. As sementes onduladas evidenciaram distâncias médias de dispersão entre 57,36 e 79,54 m. Encontramos padrão de distribuição aleatório das árvores. O regime sazonal seco/chuvoso influenciou os padrões de frutificação e dispersão, e sementes foram liberadas durante a estação seca (mesmo em anos ENSO). Assim, demonstramos a importância da dispersão anemocórica como fator impulsionador da frutificação, associada a um filtro abiótico (baixa umidade) durante a estação seca. Adicionalmente, a natureza aerodinâmica do diásporo ondulado e seu potencial de dispersão influenciaram a distribuição espacial aleatória de A. discolor.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202475002

Estimate of carbon stock in the soil via diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (vis/nir) air and orbital remote sensing
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Faria, Ohana C. O.

; Torres, Gilmar N.

; Raimo, Luis A. D. L. Di

; Couto, Eduardo G.

Revista Caatinga

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sep 2023, Volume 36 N. 3 Pages 675 - 689

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Current procedures for determining soil organic carbon (SOC) content are costly, time-consuming, and generate polluting chemical waste. Therefore, developing new protocols using aerial and orbital remote sensing and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) for digitally mapping the stock of soil organic carbon (CS) is essential for promoting actions of research and monitoring SOC in Brazilian soils. Given this, three areas of commercial plots in the region of the Middle North of Mato Grosso were studied, where sampling was carried out for the determination of SOC in the layer from 0 to 30 cm, evaluated by the dry combustion method and estimated through DRS in the visible to near -infrared region - Vis-NIR-SWIR/350-2500 nm). To obtain the images by aerial remote sensing, the Carcará II® Unmanned Aerial Vehicle was used, with a MicaSense® multispectral camera (RGB + NIR + RedEdge) attached. The orbital sensors used were the Sentinel 2® and Planet® satellites. This study showed that soil carbon stock values could be predicted using different modeling approaches based on field and laboratory spectral measurements. Predictive models to estimate SOC can be established using remote and near sensing, thus allowing a better understanding of spatial patterns of SOC in crop fields.

RESUMO Os procedimentos atuais de determinação do conteúdo de carbono orgânico do solo (COS) são onerosos, demorados e geram resíduos químicos poluentes. Por isso, o desenvolvimento de novos protocolos utilizando o sensoriamento remoto aéreo, orbital e a espectroscopia de refletância difusa (ERD) para o mapeamento digital do estoque de carbono orgânico do solo (EC) são imprescindíveis para o fomento de ações de pesquisa e monitoramento do COS nos solos brasileiros. Diante disso, foram estudadas três áreas de talhões comerciais na região do Meio Norte de Mato Grosso onde realizou-se a amostragem para a determinação de COS na camada de 0 a 30 cm, avaliado pelo método de combustão via seca e estimado através da ERD na região do visível ao infravermelho-próximo - Vis-NIR-SWIR/350-2500 nm) . Para obtenção das imagens por sensoriamento remoto aéreo, foi utilizado o Veículo Aéreo Não Tripulado Carcará II®, com uma câmera multiespectal (RGB + NIR + RedEdge) da marca MicaSense® acoplada. Os sensores orbitais utilizados foram o satélite Sentinel 2® e Planet®. Este estudo mostrou que os valores do estoque de carbono do solo podem ser preditos usando diferentes abordagens de modelagem com base em medições espectrais de campo e laboratório. Modelos preditivos para estimar o COS podem ser estabelecidos usando sensoriamento remoto e próximo, permitindo assim uma melhor compreensão dos padrões espaciais do COS nos campos de cultivo.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252023v36n320rc

Monitorização da amendoeira através de dados espacio-temporais adquiridos por veículo aéreo não tripulado
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Guimarães, Nathalie

; Pádua, Luís

; Sousa, Joaquim J.

; Bento, Albino

; Couto, Pedro

Revista de Ciências Agrárias

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jun 2023, Volume 46 N. 2 Pages 81 - 90

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract The almond tree (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb) is a growing crop worldwide. This expansion was manifested in Portugal by the establishment of new plantations, the intensification of the production system, and the growth of irrigated area. To meet demands for almonds, it is essential to invest in agricultural technologies that will improve production and monitor the crop. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have developed as a significant technology for agricultural applications throughout the past decade. In this study, we suggest a method for monitoring the almond tree crop using spatiotemporal data collected by a multispectral sensor accopled to an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). During the growing season, in a traditional almond orchard, certain physical tree parameters (number of trees and crown area) were collected and analyzed. Using spatiotemporal data, vegetation indices (VI) were developed to evaluate the vegetative status of almond trees. In combination with the obtained physical parameters, the results of the indices indicated a decline in VI during the growing season. This decline will be associated with the rise in water stress. This study demonstrates the significance of employing UAVs to monitor almond orchards.

Resumo A amendoeira (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb) é uma cultura em expansão em várias regiões do mundo. Em Portugal, esta expansão materializou-se com o aparecimento de novas plantações no País, a intensificação do sistema produtivo e o aumento da área de regadio. Para atender à crescente procura de amêndoas, é essencial investir em tecnologias agrícolas, com vista a aumentar os níveis de produção e realizar a monitorização da cultura. Na última década, o veículo aéreo não tripulado (VANT) surgiu como uma importante ferramenta para as aplicações agrícolas. Neste estudo, propomos um método para monitorizar a cultura da amendoeira, utilizando-se dados espácio-temporais, adquiridos por um sensor multiespectral acoplado a um VANT. Diversos parâmetros estruturais das árvores (número de elementos e a altura da árvore) foram obtidos e analisados durante a época de crescimento, num amendoal tradicional. O Índice de Vegetação (IV) NDVI foi calculado para avaliar o estado vegetativo das amendoeiras através dos dados espácio-temporais. Os resultados dos índices em conjugação com os parâmetros estruturais obtidos, mostraram que houve uma diminuição dos IV ao longo da época de crescimento. Esta diminuição estará ligada ao aumento do “stress” hídrico. Este trabalho mostra a importância do uso dos VANT para monitorização de amendoais.

https://doi.org/10.19084/rca.31336

Production of Silver Nanoparticles Mediated by Aqueous Extracts of Tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum) Pulp
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Santos, Sidney S. dos

; Couto, Ricardo A. A. de

; Silva, Ingrid R. da

; Aouada, Marcia Regina M.

; Costantino, Vera R. L.

; Costa, Luiz P. da

; Perotti, Gustavo F.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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may 2023, Volume 34 N. 5 Pages 705 - 712

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum) pulp presents a large number of secondary metabolites that can mediate the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles through a greener and more sustainable synthetic route than traditional ones. This study investigated the production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) mediated by aqueous extracts of tucumã pulp assessing different parameters, such as temperature, concentration of extract, and pH values of the reaction media. The alkaline reaction media produced the most intense and well-defined bands around 400 nm in the electronic spectra, indicating the formation of AgNPs in the three concentrations of tucumã pulp evaluated. The increase in the temperature of the reaction media also enhanced the surface plasmon resonance band of AgNPs but it increased the polydispersivity of produced nanoparticles according to the dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) data. Zeta potential results indicated moderate stability of the AgNPs (close to -30 mV). Antimicrobial assessment of the colloidal metal particles indicated microbicide activity against the Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacterium.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20220141

Caso autóctono de rickettsiosis por Rickettsia parkeri en la Selva Paranaense, Misiones, Argentina
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Vizcaychipi, Katherina A.

; Giménez, Mabel D.

; Casas, Natalia

; Lloveras, Susana

; Cicuttin, Gabriel L.

; Lamattina, Daniela

; Marx, Javier

; Pedrozo, Williams

; Rinas, Miguel

; Matteo, Karen E. De

; Couto, Esteban

; Martínez, Álvaro A. Faccini

; Armitano, Rita

Revista argentina de microbiología

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mar 2023, Volume 55 N. 1 Pages 111 - 120

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Se informa un caso autóctono de rickettsiosis por Rickettsia parkeri, ocurrido en junio del 2018 en la zona selvática del Parque Provincial Urugua-í, Misiones, Argentina, región sin registros previos de esta enfermedad en humanos. Se describen los aspectos epidemiológicos, ecológicos, clínicos y de laboratorio necesarios para el diagnóstico oportuno y el tratamiento adecuado. Se resalta el hecho de considerar a las rickettsiosis como diagnóstico diferencial ante un paciente con síndrome febril agudo exantemático; el antecedente epidemiológico de exposición al vector característico de la región, garrapatas del género Amblyomma, es un elemento fundamental.

Abstract We report an autochthonous case of Rickettsia parkeri rickettsiosis occurred in June 2018 in a forested area of the Urugua-í Provincial Park, Misiones, Argentina. No previous records of this disease in humans have been previously reported in this region. The epidemiological, ecological, clinical, and laboratory features required for a proper diagnosis and adequate treatment are described here. The fact of considering rickettsiosis as a differential diagnosis in a patient with exanthematic acute febrile syndrome is highlighted, being the epidemiological history of exposure to the vector (ticks of the genus Amblyomma) an essential element.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ram.2022.06.003

Influence of Thermal Oxidation on the Creep Behavior of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
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Almeida, Gisele F. C.

; Arbex, Alexandra A.

; Oliveira, Hamon V. S.

; Domingues, Nilton I.

; Vatavuk, Jan

; Reis, Danieli A.P.

; Massi, Marcos

; Couto, Antônio A.

Materials Research

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2023, Volume 26 Suppl. 1 elocation e20220521

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The formation of a stable and adherent oxide layer on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy can improve the mechanical and corrosion resistance of this material. This work studied the creep behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy after two different thermal oxidation conditions: at 650 °C for 12 h and at 800 °C for 2 h. In the XRD analysis of the oxidized samples, it was possible to observe the formation of rutile (TiO2) and a displacement of the peaks of α and β phases caused by the dissolution of oxygen. In the creep test at 550 °C, the material oxidized at 800 °C for 2 h showed a greater creep life at 125 MPa, the crack took longer to brake probably due to the greater thickness of the layer. At 550°C and 187.5 MPa the material oxidized at 650 °C for 12h has a better creep life, probably due to the layer more adhered.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2022-0521

The Role of HiPIMS Pulse Length in Reactive Deposition of Transparent Conductive Oxide Nb:TiO2 Films
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Stryhalski, J.

; Laur, A.

; Sagás, J.C.

; Couto, A.A

; Grigorov, K.

; Fontana, L.C.

; Massi, M.

Materials Research

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2023, Volume 26 Suppl. 1 elocation e20220498

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The present paper sets out to investigate the role of voltage pulse length on the properties of Nb:TiO2 films deposited by High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS). Several characteristics of the films were investigated, namely, resistivity, transmittance, crystallinity and band gap values of Nb:TiO2 films. Reactive depositions were carried out in Ar/O2 plasma with 40 µs, 50 µs, 60 µs, and 70 µs pulses. Increasing the pulse length changes the deposition from compound to metal mode. As it gets closer to metal mode, the deposition rate increases by up to one order of magnitude, while the resistivity of the resulting Nb:TiO2 film becomes as low as 10-4 Ω.cm, without any significant loss in optical transmittance, which remains close to 90% for a wavelength around 450 nm, but reduction in 25% of heat transmission (above 800 nm) were observed. Results indicate the anatase phase for all deposition conditions, and Ti3+ states increase with the pulse length, which can be explained by the generation of a second band gap. Both the niobium doping and the Ti3+ states can contribute to increase the conductivity of the Nb:TiO2 films in the as-deposited condition.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2022-0498

Analysis of the Influence Of Friction Stir Welding on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Alloy UNS-C27200 (CU-ZN)
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Rosa, Renato F.

; Almeida, Italo O.

; Varasquim, Francisco M. F. A.

; Junior, Eli J. C.

; Couto, Antônio A.

; Santos, Vinicius T.

; Silva, Márcio R.

; Nakamoto, Francisco Y.

; Santos, Givanildo A.

Materials Research

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2023, Volume 26 Suppl. 1 elocation e20220581

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The copper alloy UNS-C27200 is a binary brass, composed of 38wt%Zn, beeing one of the most used in the industry. The union of Cu-Zn alloys by conventional welding by fusion in thin plates presents several challenges. The Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process performs the union of two, or more materials, through a rotating tool that travels throughout the welding region. One the great advantages of FSW is working below the melting point of the material, which reduces the change in the microstructure and properties of the material, when compared to conventional welding processes. Due to the lack of research on FSW process in lap brass joints with thin thicknesses, the present work aims to expand these studies in order to contribute to future research. Eight conditions were evaluated, varying rotation and welding speed. In the best results by visual inspection, analyzes of microstructure, temperature, microhardness and mechanical strength were performed. The better welding results were obtained with ω=1050 rpm and ν=20 mm/min. There was reduction of approximately 50% between Stir Zone and Base metal. The mechanical strength was affected by the pin hole resulting from the process. The microstructure revealed a homogeneous mixture in the stir zone and no defects were detected.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2022-0581

10.

Effects of ENSO events on the intensity, seasonality, and diversity of reproductive phenology of Miconia (Melastomataceae) species in tropical rainforest
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Barros, A. G.

; Costa, J. S.

; Lima, M. R. O.

; Souza, I. P.

; Miranda, L. A. P.

; Couto-Santos, A. P. L.

; Funch, L. S.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e277897

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract We evaluated the phenology and reproductive phenological diversity of three sympatric species of Miconia in a gallery forest in the Chapada Diamantina mountains, Bahia, Brazil. The reproductive phenophases (bud, flower, immature fruit, and mature fruit) of M. alborufescens (N=38), M. holosericea (N=46), and M. prasina (N=44) were evaluated monthly, between June/2008 and June/2015. The Fournier index was used to assess the intensities of the reproductive phenophases; synchrony and seasonality were analyzed using circular statistics and the Rayleigh (Z) test. The Frideman and Wilcoxon tests were used to verify interannual variations in phenological patterns. Reproductive phenological diversity was measured by calculating the Shannon-Wiener index; ANOVA tested possible differences in the means of diversity among the different years. The reproductive phenophases of the studied Miconia species occurred sequentially (M. alborufescens, then M. holoserica, followed by M. prasina), in the transition between the dry and rainy seasons, with little overlap between them. In general, the species showed seasonal and synchronic phenological patterns, with some variations that coincided with El Niño and/or La Niña events, e.g., demonstrating changes in the periodicity, synchrony, and intensity of their phenophases. The intensity of fruiting, for example, showed increases during La Niña years. Reproductive phenological diversity appears to respond to climate changes resulting from El Niño events and periods of prolonged drought, with high Shannon-Wiener index values. The results also suggest that the effects of global climatic phenomena (El Niño and La Niña) that alter regional climatic seasonality can also cause variations in the reproductive phenological rhythms of the Miconia species studied.

Resumo Neste estudo, avaliamos a fenologia e a diversidade fenológica reprodutiva de três espécies simpátricas de Miconia em uma floresta de galeria da Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brasil. As fenofases reprodutivas (botão, flor, fruto imaturo e fruto maduro) de M. alborufescens (N=38), M. holosericea (N=46) e M. prasina (N=44) foram avaliadas mensalmente, entre junho de 2008 e junho de 2015. O índice de Fournier foi utilizado para avaliar a intensidade das fenofases reprodutivas; a sincronia e a sazonalidade foram analisadas por meio de estatística circular e do teste de Rayleigh (Z). Os testes de Frideman e Wilcoxon foram empregados na verificação de variações interanuais dos padrões fenológicos. A diversidade fenológica reprodutiva foi mensurada pelo cálculo do índice de Shannon-Wiener; a ANOVA testou possíveis diferenças nas médias de diversidade entre os diferentes anos. As fenofases reprodutivas das espécies de Miconia estudadas ocorreram de forma sequencial (M. alborufescens, M. holoserica e M. prasina, respectivamente), na transição entre as estações seca e chuvosa, com pouca sobreposição entre as espécies. No geral, as espécies apresentaram padrões fenológicos sazonais e sincrônicos, com algumas variações que coincidiram com eventos de El Niño e/ou La Niña, e.g., demonstrando mudanças na periodicidade, sincronia e intensidade de suas fenofases. A intensidade da frutificação, por exemplo, apresentou aumento nos anos de ocorrência de La Niña. A diversidade fenológica reprodutiva parece responder às alterações climáticas decorrentes dos eventos de El Niño e a períodos de seca prolongada, com valores elevados do índice de Shannon-Wiener. Os resultados sugerem, ainda, que os efeitos de fenômenos climáticos globais (El Niño e La Niña), que alteram a sazonalidade climática regional, também podem causar variações nos ritmos fenológicos reprodutivos das espécies de Miconia estudadas.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.277897

11.

Effect of Friction Stir Welding on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of uns C19400 Alloy Plates
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Martins, Floriano

; Varasquim, Francisco M.F.A.

; Cruz Junior, Eli J.

; Nakamoto, Francisco Y.

; Santos, Vinicius T.

; Vatavuk, Jan

; Silva, Márcio R.

; Couto, Antonio A.

; Santos, Givanildo A.

Materials Research

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2023, Volume 26 elocation e20230237

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The welding of metallic materials by the Friction Stir Welding (FSW) method is a very attractive process for preserving their characteristics, especially for copper and its alloys that require high heat input and present many distortions by traditional methods. However, it is a great challenge to produce welds free of defects and maintain or improve their mechanical properties. In the current literature data on FSW parameters for copper and its alloys are scarce. In this study, tests were performed with a combination of four tool rotations (750, 850, 950, 1050 rev.min-1) and two welding speeds (20 and 60 mm.min-1), maintaining the tool inclination angle in 3° and waiting time of 5 seconds. The objective of this work is to analyze the microstructure and mechanical performance of lap joints of the UNS C19400 alloy joined by FSW. The process temperature was monitored to trace the heating profile of the process, in addition to microhardness and shear strength tests, in addition to optical microscopy for analysis. The joints welded by the parameters Ω 950 rev.mm-1 �� 20mm.min-1 obtained a mechanical performance of 73% compared to the characteristics of the base metal and despite the appearance of volumetric defects at the microstructural level, the metallurgical transformations of recovery and recrystallization of the grains observed in the microstructure played a key role in the result.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2023-0237

12.

Natural erosion potential in the Mato Grosso state, Brazil
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Raimo, Luis A. Di L. Di

; Amorim, Ricardo S. S.

; Couto, Eduardo G.

; Hunter, Maria O.

; Torres, Gilmar N.

; Bocuti, Edwaldo D.

; Silva, Lucas de C. M. da

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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sep 2022, Volume 26 N. 9 Pages 655 - 661

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O entendimento da suscetibilidade de solos à erosão é crucial para o planejamento de uso da terra visando uma agricultura sustentável. O estudo teve como objetivo determinar a variabilidade espacial do potencial natural de erosão para o Estado de Mato Grosso, um importante centro agrícola do Brasil. O potencial natural de erosão foi calculado usando a Equação Universal de Perda de Solo, que considera a erosividade, erodibilidade e o fator topográfico. Para cada um desses três fatores foi criado um mapa em formato raster, que foi combinado em um Sistema de Informação Geográfica e usado para criar o mapa de potencial natural de erosão. O mapa foi, então, utilizado para separar classes do potencial natural de erosão para o Estado de Mato Grosso. O Estado predominantemente apresentou níveis médios de potencial natural de erosão (58,38% da área), seguido por altos (21,67%) e baixos (19,57%) níveis. As áreas de baixo potencial natural de erosão estão predominantemente localizadas nas partes mais planas do Estado. O fator topográfico apresentou forte correlação com o potencial natural de erosão, sendo um importante componente para auxiliar o planejamento do uso da terra e práticas de conservação do solo. Regiões consideradas com maiores potenciais naturais de erosão são mais comuns nas macrorregiões noroeste (46,69% da área), norte (32,7%) e oeste (30,05%).

ABSTRACT Understanding the susceptibility of soils to erosion is crucial for planning land use towards sustainable agriculture. This study aimed to determine the spatial variability of natural erosion potential for the state of Mato Grosso, an important agricultural center of Brazil. Natural erosion potential was calculated using the Universal Soil Loss Equation, which accounts for erosivity, erodibility, and the topographic factor. For each of these three factors, a map was generated in raster format that was combined into a Geographic Information System and used to create a map of natural erosion potential. This map was then used to separate classes of natural erosion potential for the state of Mato Grosso. The state predominantly has medium levels of natural erosion potential (58.38% in area), followed by high (21.67%) and low (19.57%) levels. Areas of low natural erosion potential are predominantly located in the flatter sections of the state. The topographic factor was strongly correlated with natural erosion potential. It is an important component to support land use planning and soil conservation practices. Regions considered to have high natural erosion potential are most commonly in the northwest (46.69% in area), north (32.7%), and west (30.05%) macro-regions.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v26n9p655-661

13.

Effective recommendations towards healthy routines to preserve mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic
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Pilz, Luísa K.

; Couto Pereira, Natividade S.

; Francisco, Ana Paula

; Carissimi, Alicia

; Constantino, Débora B.

; Caus, Letícia B.

; Abreu, Ana Carolina O.

; Amando, Guilherme R.

; Bonatto, Fernanda S.

; Carvalho, Paula V.V.

; Cipolla-Neto, José

; Harb, Ana

; Lazzarotto, Gabriela

; Marafiga, Joseane Righes

; Minuzzi, Luciano

; Montagner, Francisco

; Nishino, Fernanda A.

; Oliveira, Melissa A.B.

; dos Santos, Bruno G.T.

; Steibel, Eduardo G.

; Tavares, Patrice S.

; Tonon, André C.

; Xavier, Nicóli B.

; Zanona, Querusche Klippel

; Amaral, Fernanda G.

; Calcagnotto, Maria Elisa

; Frey, Benicio N.

; Hidalgo, Maria Paz

; Idiart, Marco

; Russomano, Thais

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry

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apr 2022, Volume 44 N. 2 Pages 136 - 146

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Objective: To assess the adherence to a set of evidence-based recommendations to support mental health during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its association with depressive and anxiety symptoms. Methods: A team of health workers and researchers prepared the recommendations, formatted into three volumes (1: COVID-19 prevention; 2: Healthy habits; 3: Biological clock and sleep). Participants were randomized to receive only Volume 1 (control), Volumes 1 and 2, Volumes 1 and 3, or all volumes. We used a convenience sample of Portuguese-speaking participants over age 18 years. An online survey consisting of sociodemographic and behavioral questionnaires and mental health instruments (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9] and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 [GAD-7]) was administered. At 14 and 28 days later, participants were invited to complete follow-up surveys, which also included questions regarding adherence to the recommendations. A total of 409 participants completed the study – mostly young adult women holding university degrees. Results: The set of recommendations contained in Volumes 2 and 3 was effective in protecting mental health, as suggested by significant associations of adherence with PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores (reflecting anxiety and depression symptoms, respectively). Conclusion: The recommendations developed in this study could be useful to prevent negative mental health effects in the context of the pandemic and beyond.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2021-2109

14.

Different types of mechanical vibration application on EMG response and strength performance
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Almeida, Aler R.

; Drummond, Marcos D. M.

; Szmuchrowski, Leszek A.

; Pedrosa, Gustavo F.

; Couto, Bruno P.

Motriz: Revista de Educação Física

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2022, Volume 28 elocation e10220009221

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Aim: The present study aimed to compare the strength performance and the neuromuscular activity during one maximum repetition test (1RM), and the maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) performed with whole-body vibration (WBV), local vibration (LV), and no vibration (NV). Methods: The sample consisted of 15 males, experienced in strength training for at least 6 months, which performed all strength tests in the barbell curl exercise across randomized trials on the following conditions: NV, WBV, and LV. During all tests, the normalized root means square values of the electromyographic signals (EMGRMS) of the biceps brachii and brachioradialis were recorded and compared between the conditions. The one-way ANOVAs with repeated measures were used to compare the results of 1RM and MVIC tests and the normalized EMGRMS between the conditions. When necessary, a post hoc Scott-Knott test was used to identify the differences reported in the ANOVAs. The significance level adopted was α < 0.05. Results: The EMGRMS response of the biceps brachii and brachioradialis muscles during the 1RM and MVIC tests presented significantly higher values at LV compared to WBV, and NV (p < 0.001). The 1RM tests, and the MVIC results were similar between conditions (p = 0.9803; p = 0.061, respectively). Conclusion: These results indicate that the application of MV was not sufficient to increase strength performance.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1980-657420220009221

15.

Correlations between Web Searches and COVID-19 Epidemiological Indicators in Brazil
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Locatelli, Marcelo Sartori

; Cunha, Evandro L. T. P

; Guiginski, Janaína

; Franco, Ramon A. S

; Bernardes, Tereza

; Alzamora, Pedro Loures

; Silva, Daniel Victor F. da

; Ganem, Marcelo Augusto S

; Santos, Thiago H. M

; Carvalho, Anne I. R

; Souza, Leandro M. V

; Paixão, Gabriela P. F

; Chaves, Elisa França

; Santos, Guilherme Bezerra dos

; Santos, Rafael Vinícius dos

; Freitas, Amanda Cupertino de

; Flores, Matheus G

; Biezuner, Rachel F

; Cardoso, Rodolfo Lins

; Fonseca, Rodrigo Machado

; Silva, Ana Paula Couto da

; Meira Jr, Wagner

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology

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2022, Volume 65 elocation e22210648

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract: COVID-19 rapidly spread across the world in an unprecedented outbreak with a massive number of infected and fatalities. The pandemic was heavily discussed and searched on the internet, which generated big amounts of data related to it. This led to the possibility of attempting to forecast coronavirus indicators using the internet data. For this study, Google Trends statistics for 124 selected search terms related to pandemic were used in an attempt to find which keywords had the best Spearman correlations with a lag, as well as a forecasting model. It was found that keywords related to coronavirus testing among some others, such as “I have contracted covid”, had high correlations (≥0.7) with few weeks of lag (≤4 weeks). Besides that, the ARIMAX model using those keywords had promising results in predicting the increase or decrease of epidemiological indicators, although it was not able to predict their exact values. Thus, we found that Google Trends data may be useful for predicting outbreaks of coronavirus a few weeks before they happen, and may be used as an auxiliary tool in monitoring and forecasting the disease in Brazil.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2022210648

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