ABSTRACT Electromagnetic sensors are widely used to monitor soil water content (θ); however, site-specific calibrations are necessary for accurate measurements. This study compares regression models used for calibration of soil moisture sensors and investigates the relation between soil attributes and the adjusted parameters of the specific calibration equations. Undisturbed soil samples were collected in the A and B horizons of two Ultisols and two Inceptisols from the Mantiqueira Range in Southeastern Brazil. After saturation, the Theta Probe ML2X was used to obtain the soil dielectric constant (ε). Several readings were made, ranging from saturation to oven-dry. After each reading, the samples were weighted to calculate θ (m3 m–3). Fourteen regression models (linear, linearized, and nonlinear) were adjusted to the calibration data and checked for their residue distribution. Only the exponential model with three parameters met the regression assumptions regarding residue distribution. The stepwise regression was used to obtain multiple linear equations to estimate the adjusted parameters of the calibration model from soil attributes, with silt and clay contents providing the best relations. Both the specific and the general calibrations performed well, with RMSE values of 0.02 and 0.03 m3 m–3, respectively. Manufacturer calibration and equations from the literature were much less accurate, reinforcing the need to develop specific calibrations.

Este artigo é um estudo de caso sobre a trajetória eleitoral e organizacional do Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira (PSDB) no estado de São Paulo entre 1994 e 2018. O objetivo foi identificar como o partido conserva sua dominância, com sete vitórias consecutivas para o governo do estado e maior número de prefeituras conquistadas dentre os demais partidos desde 1996. A hipótese é que a organização interna do PSDB paulista foi essencial para que o partido mantivesse seu sucesso eleitoral. A metodologia envolveu a coleta de dados eleitorais, que possibilitaram mensurar o desempenho eleitoral do partido para os cargos de vereador, prefeito e governador, além da realização de entrevistas para a compreensão das estratégias do partido. Os resultados demonstram uma organização interna fortemente institucionalizada, com uma Executiva estadual capaz de fiscalizar todos os municípios, atender a demandas e mostrar-se presente ao eleitorado.

Abstract This article is a case study about the PSDB's electoral and organizational trajectory in the state of São Paulo between 1994 and 2018. The aim is to identify how the political party maintains its dominance, with seven consecutive victories for the state government and greater number of city halls won among other parties since 1996. This work is based on the hypothesis that PSDB’s internal organization in São Paulo was essential for the party to remain dominant during the analyzed period. The methodology involved electoral data, thus we could measure the party's electoral success for the positions of councilor, mayor and governor, as well as interviews for an understanding of the party's strategies. The results show a party's organizational structure under strong institutionalization, with a state executive capable of inspecting all municipalities in the state, attending demands and showing itself as a present party to the electorate.

Resumen Este artículo es un estudio de caso sobre la trayectoria electoral y organizativa del PSDB en el estado de São Paulo entre 1994 y 2018. El objetivo es identificar cómo el partido conserva su dominio durante el período propuesto, con siete victorias consecutivas para el gobierno estatal y el mayor número de los ayuntamientos conquistados entre los otros partidos desde 1996. La hipótesis es que la organización interna del PSDB de São Paulo es esencial para que el partido mantuviera su éxito electoral. La metodología implicó la recopilación de datos electorales, lo que permitió medir el éxito electoral del partido en el estado para los cargos de concejal, alcalde y gobernador, además de realizar entrevistas bajo un modelo semiestructurado para comprender las estrategias del partido. Los resultados demuestran una organización interna altamente institucionalizada, con una Ejecutiva estatal capaz de inspeccionar todos los municipios, satisfacer las demandas y mostrarse como un partido presente en el electorado. Así, el PSDB-SP se convirtió en el partido político más grande del estado en términos electorales.

Résumé Cet article présente une étude de cas sur la trajectoire électorale et organisationnelle du PSDB dans l’État de São Paulo (SP) entre 1994 et 2018. L’objectif est de déterminer comment le parti maintient sa dominance pendant la période proposée, avec sept victoires consécutives pour le gouvernement de l’État et le plus de mairies gagnées parmi les autres partis depuis 1996. L’hypothèse est que l’organisation interne du PSDB-SP a été essentielle pour que le parti maintienne son succès électoral. La méthodologie a consisté à recueillir des données électorales, ce qui a permis de mesurer le succès électoral du parti dans l’État pour les postes de conseiller municipal, de maire et de gouverneur de l’État, en plus de mener des entretiens semi-directifs pour comprendre les stratégies du parti. Les résultats démontrent une organisation interne fortement institutionnalisée, avec un exécutif d’État capable d’inspecter toutes les municipalités, de répondre aux demandes et de se montrer un parti présent à l’électorat. Ainsi, le PSDB-SP est devenu le plus grand parti politique de l’État en termes électoraux.

Resumo Imunizações de rotina durante pandemias podem ser prejudicadas. Este estudo estimou a cobertura vacinal para influenza em idosos durante a COVID-19 através do EPICOVID-19, inquérito populacional realizado em 133 cidades sentinelas dos 26 estados brasileiros e Distrito Federal. Selecionou-se 25 setores censitários por cidade, amostragem proporcional ao tamanho, dez domicílios por setor e uma pessoa por domicílio, aleatoriamente. O quantitativo de 8.265 idosos (≥ 60 anos) foram entrevistados e responderam se haviam sido vacinados contra gripe em 2020. A cobertura foi 82,3% (IC95% 80,1; 84,2), sem diferenças por sexo, idade ou região. Maiores coberturas ocorreram nos mais ricos (84,7% versus 80,1% nos mais pobres) e nos mais escolarizados (87,3% versus 83,2% nos menos escolarizados). Menor cobertura nos indígenas (56,9% versus coberturas superiores a 80% nos demais grupos étnicos). Houve associação positiva com número de comorbidades entre homens, mas não entre mulheres. A maioria vacinou-se na rede pública (97,5%), sendo a rede privada mais utilizada na região Sul, pelos mais escolarizados e mais ricos. Conclui-se que a cobertura vacinal ficou sete pontos percentuais abaixo da meta governamental (90%), e que desigualdades devem ser revertidas em futuras campanhas.

Abstract Routine immunization during pandemics can be harmed. This study estimated the influenza vaccination coverage in older adults during the COVID-19 through the EPICOVID-19, a population-based study conducted in 133 cities from the 26 Brazilian states and Federal District. We selected 25 census tracts per city, with probability proportional to the tract’s size, ten households by census tract, and one random individual interviewed. A total of 8,265 older adults (≥60 years old) were interviewed and asked whether they had been vaccinated against flu in 2020. Vaccination coverage was 82.3% (95% CI: 80.1-84.2) with no difference by gender, age, and region; higher vaccination coverage was observed among the wealthiest (84.7% versus 80.1% in the poorest) and among the more educated (87.3% versus 83.2% less educated); lower coverage among indigenous (56.9% versus > 80% among other ethnic groups). A positive association was identified with the number of comorbidities among men but not among women. Most of the population was vaccinated (97.5%) in the public health system. The private network was chosen mainly in the South by the wealthiest and more educated. Vaccination coverage was seven percentage points lower than the government target (90%), and inequalities should be reversed in future campaigns.

Influenza vaccination coverage in the elderly was analysed during the COVID-19 pandemic through the EPICOVID-19, a population-based study conducted in 133 cities from the 26 Brazilian states and Federal District. Twenty five census tracts were sampled with probability proportional to the size of the tract, 10 households by census tracts and one random person interviewed. A total of 33,250 people were interviewed being 8,262  ≥60 years old. The elderly were asked whether they had had a flu vaccine in 2020. Vaccination coverage was 82.3% (CI95%=8 0.1-84.2) with no difference by sex, age, and region. Higher vaccination coverage was observed in the richest compared to the poorest (84.7% and 80.1%; p=<0.001), and among those with higher schooling (87.3% and 83.2; p=0.007). The indigenous presented lower coverage (56.9%) than other ethnic groups (>80%) (p=0.056). A positive association existed between vaccination coverage and number of comorbidities for men, but not for women. Most of those who were vaccinated (97.5%) received the vaccine in the public health system. The private was chosen mostly in the south, by the rich and by those with more schooling. Vaccination coverage was seven percentage points lower than the government target, and inequalities should be reverted in future campaigns.

Avaliou-se a cobertura vacinal para influenza em idosos na pandemia COVID-19 através do EPICOVID-19, inquérito de base populacional realizado em 133 cidades sentinela dos 26 estados brasileiros e Distrito Federal. Selecionou-se 25 setores censitários por cidade com amostragem proporcional ao tamanho, 10 domicílios por setor e uma pessoa por domicílio, aleatoriamente. Foram entrevistadas 33.250 pessoas, sendo 8.265 idosos. Perguntou-se aos idosos se haviam sido vacinados contra gripe em 2020. A cobertura foi de 82,3% (IC 95% 80,1–84,2), sem diferenças por sexo, idade ou região. Foram observadas maiores coberturas no quintil mais rico (84,7% contra  80,1% no mais pobre; p<0.001) e naqueles com graduação completa (87,3% contra 83,2% com fundamental incompleto; p=0.007), e menor cobertura nos indígenas (56,9% comparado a coberturas superiores a 80% nos demais grupos étnicos) (p=0,056). Houve associação positiva da cobertura com número de comorbidades entre homens, mas não entre mulheres. A maioria vacinou-se na rede pública (97,5%), sendo a rede privada mais utilizada na região sul, pelos mais escolarizados e mais ricos. Conclui-se que a cobertura vacinal ficou sete pontos percentuais abaixo da meta governamental, e que desigualdades devem ser revertidas em futuras campanhas.

ABSTRACT: In Southeast Brazil, the change of grape harvest from wet summer to dry winter through double-pruning management has improved the quality of wines, currently denominated winter wines. In order to better understand the influences of soil, macroclimate, and vineyard management in winter wines, we investigated seven vineyards in the states of Minas Gerais (Três Corações – TC, Três Pontas – TP, Cordislândia – COR, São Sebastião do Paraíso – SSP and Andradas – AND) and São Paulo (Itobi – ITO and Espirito Santo do Pinhal – PIN) during three consecutive growing seasons. The vineyards are located in warm temperate zones and grouped in four soil types: Acrudox in TC, AND and SSP, Hapludox in TP; Hapludult in AND and PIN; Eutrudept in ITO. The high clay content (> 35 %) observed in all soil types, associated to low evapotranspiration demand, avoided the occurrence of severe water stress, as observed by the high values of leaf and stem water potential, stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, and transpiration. Differences in vigor were more related to vineyard management and did not affect grape composition. Among vineyards, parameters for berry quality from ITO, such as sugar and acidity, were more associated to high soil sand content and winter temperature. No significant differences were found in anthocyanins and total phenols of berries among vineyards, suggesting that the high thermal range and low precipitation during autumn-winter, historically observed in all municipalities, seemed to be the main factor for improvement of phenolic compounds.

RESUMO Embora o prefeito detenha o cargo eletivo mais importante nos municípios brasileiros, sua função demanda apoio legislativo para implementar sua agenda. Neste artigo, analisamos alguns recursos que as candidaturas dos prefeitos eleitos mobilizam para obter o maior potencial de apoio legislativo possível. Partimos de duas possibilidades: ou o candidato eleito transfere sua popularidade aos seus apoiadores na disputa proporcional; ou se coliga com vários partidos. A primeira opção sustenta-se no efeito coattail; a segunda, nos seguintes aspectos institucionais: fragmentação no Legislativo e concentração de candidatos no Executivo. Amparados por dados municipais de coligação eleitoral, investigamos cinco eleições (2000-2016). Nossos resultados sugerem que tanto a popularidade transferida pelo prefeito eleito, quanto o número de partidos na coligação majoritária impactam positivamente no potencial de apoio legislativo. Por fim, indicam que não há interação entre estes dois efeitos, demonstrando que ambas as estratégias são alternativas entre si.

ABSTRACT Although the mayor holds the most important elective office in Brazilian municipalities, his role requires legislative support to implement its agenda. In this article, we analyze some resources that mayoral candidates who have been elected mobilized to obtain the greatest potential for legislative support. We started from two possibilities: either the elected candidate transfers his popularity to his supporters in the proportional dispute; or if he forms a coalition with several parties. The first option is based on the coattail effect; the second, in the following institutional aspects: fragmentation in the Legislative and concentration of candidates in the Executive. Using municipal electoral coalition data, we investigated five elections (2000-2016). Our results suggest that both the popularity transferred by the elected mayor and the number of parties in the majority coalition positively affect the potential for legislative support. Finally, the data indicate that there is no interaction between these two effects, demonstrating that both strategies are unrelated alternatives.

RESUMEN Aunque el alcalde ostenta el cargo electivo más importante en los municipios brasileños, su función demanda del apoyo legislativo para implementar su agenda. En este artículo, analizamos algunos recursos que movilizan las propuestas de los alcaldes electos para obtener el mayor potencial de apoyo legislativo posible. Partimos de dos posibilidades: o el candidato electo transfiere su popularidad a sus partidarios en la disputa en el sistema proporcional; o se asocia con varios partidos. La primera opción se sustenta en el efecto coattail; la segunda, en los siguientes aspectos institucionales: fragmentación en el Legislativo y concentración de candidatos en el Ejecutivo. Amparados por datos municipales de coalición electoral, investigamos cinco elecciones (2000-2016). Nuestros resultados sugieren que tanto la popularidad transferida por el alcalde electo, como el número de partidos en la coalición mayoritaria impactan positivamente en el potencial de apoyo legislativo. Finalmente, indican que no hay interacción entre estos dos efectos, demostrando que ambas estrategias son alternativas entre sí.

RÉSUMÉ Bien que le maire occupe le poste électif le plus important dans les municipalités brésiliennes, son rôle nécessite un soutien législatif pour mettre en œuvre son programme. Dans cet article, on examine certaines ressources que les candidatures des candidats à la mairie mobilisent pour obtenir le plus grand potentiel de soutien législatif possible. On part de deux possibilités: ou le candidat élu transfère sa popularité à ses partisans dans le différend proportionnel; ou il s’associe avec plusieurs partis. La première option est basée sur l’effet coattail; la seconde, sur les aspects institutionnels suivants: fragmentation du législatif et concentration des candidats à l’exécutif. Forts des données des coalitions électorales municipales, nous avons enquêté sur cinq élections (2000-2016). Nos résultats suggèrent que tant la popularité transférée par le maire élu que le nombre de partis de la coalition majoritaire ont un impact positif sur le potentiel de soutien législatif. Enfin, ils indiquent qu’il n’y a pas d’interaction entre ces deux effets, démontrant que les deux stratégies sont des alternatives l’une à l’autre.

Resumo Imunizações de rotina durante pandemias podem ser prejudicadas. Este estudo estimou a cobertura vacinal para influenza em idosos durante a COVID-19 através do EPICOVID-19, inquérito populacional realizado em 133 cidades sentinelas dos 26 estados brasileiros e Distrito Federal. Selecionou-se 25 setores censitários por cidade, amostragem proporcional ao tamanho, dez domicílios por setor e uma pessoa por domicílio, aleatoriamente. O quantitativo de 8.265 idosos (≥ 60 anos) foram entrevistados e responderam se haviam sido vacinados contra gripe em 2020. A cobertura foi 82,3% (IC95% 80,1; 84,2), sem diferenças por sexo, idade ou região. Maiores coberturas ocorreram nos mais ricos (84,7% versus 80,1% nos mais pobres) e nos mais escolarizados (87,3% versus 83,2% nos menos escolarizados). Menor cobertura nos indígenas (56,9% versus coberturas superiores a 80% nos demais grupos étnicos). Houve associação positiva com número de comorbidades entre homens, mas não entre mulheres. A maioria vacinou-se na rede pública (97,5%), sendo a rede privada mais utilizada na região Sul, pelos mais escolarizados e mais ricos. Conclui-se que a cobertura vacinal ficou sete pontos percentuais abaixo da meta governamental (90%), e que desigualdades devem ser revertidas em futuras campanhas.

Abstract Routine immunization during pandemics can be harmed. This study estimated the influenza vaccination coverage in older adults during the COVID-19 through the EPICOVID-19, a population-based study conducted in 133 cities from the 26 Brazilian states and Federal District. We selected 25 census tracts per city, with probability proportional to the tract’s size, ten households by census tract, and one random individual interviewed. A total of 8,265 older adults (≥60 years old) were interviewed and asked whether they had been vaccinated against flu in 2020. Vaccination coverage was 82.3% (95% CI: 80.1-84.2) with no difference by gender, age, and region; higher vaccination coverage was observed among the wealthiest (84.7% versus 80.1% in the poorest) and among the more educated (87.3% versus 83.2% less educated); lower coverage among indigenous (56.9% versus > 80% among other ethnic groups). A positive association was identified with the number of comorbidities among men but not among women. Most of the population was vaccinated (97.5%) in the public health system. The private network was chosen mainly in the South by the wealthiest and more educated. Vaccination coverage was seven percentage points lower than the government target (90%), and inequalities should be reversed in future campaigns.

ABSTRACT The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Structure from Motion (SfM) techniques can contribute to increase the accessibility, accuracy, and resolution of Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) used for soil erosion monitoring. This study aimed to evaluate the use of four DEMs obtained over a year to monitor erosion processes in an erosion-degraded area, with occurrence of rill and gully erosions, and its correlation with accumulated rainfall during the studied period. The DEMs of Geomorphic Change Detection (GCD) of horizontal and vertical resolutions of 0.10 and 0.06 m were obtained. It was possible to detect events of erosion and deposition volumes of the order of 2 m3, with a volumetric error of ∼50 %, in rills and gullies in the initial stage denominated R and GS-I, respectively. Events of the order of 100 m3, with a volumetric error around 14 % were found for advanced gullies, a segment denominated GS-II. In the three studied erosion situations, the deposition volume increased with the accumulated rainfall. The segments R and GS-I presented an inverse relationship between erosion volume and accumulated rainfall during the studied period. This behaviour can be explained by the dynamics of the deposition and erosion volumes during the erosion process. In the GS-II segment, erosion and deposition volumes were proportional and a direct relation with the cumulative rainfall over the studied period and a low percentage of volumetric error were found.

Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on tooth extraction sites in rats treated with bisphosphonates. Thirty Albinus Wistar male rats were administered 0.035 mg/kg zoledronic acid intravenously for 8 weeks, divided into four administrations with a 2-week interval between each application, after which their upper right central incisors were extracted to induce the development of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). The samples were divided into the following two groups: Group 1 (G1) underwent marginal resection of BRONJ followed by the use of PRP, while Group 2 (G2) underwent resection of BRONJ but without the use of PRP. The treatment groups were evaluated after 14, 28, and 42 days. Clinical, microtomographic, microscopic, and immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluations were performed. Microtomography results revealed no significant difference between the groups (p <0.05) in any time period. Histomorphometric analysis showed increased bone formation over time for both groups (p < 0.001). G1 demonstrated a greater amount of new bone formation than G2 at 28 and 42 days (p < 0.001), with G1 presenting greater vascularization and a slightly higher VEGF expression. For both groups, RANKL/OPG expression levels were sufficient as a parameter for indicating the rate of bone remodeling in a previously treated area of osteonecrosis groups. Taken together, our findings indicated that the use of PRP improves the resolution process of BRONJ.

ABSTRACT In the Brazilian Cerrado biome, there are wetlands locally known as “Veredas”, which are swampy plains between hills and rivers. Since the 1970’s, the Cerrado biome has been gradually converted to livestock, crop, or forestry production. Until now, very few studies were conducted to evaluate the baseline contents of trace elements in Cerrado wetland soils. Due to their position in the landscape (bottom lands), the wetlands are potentially susceptible to contamination by runoff and/or leaching from surrounding areas at higher altitudes. This work evaluated the As, Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe contents in soils from six wetlands (undisturbed and disturbed) in the Minas Gerais Triangle region, Brazil. In each wetland, we collected topsoil samples (0.00-0.20 m layer) and subsurface samples (0.40-0.70 m layer) at different landscape positions in the wetlands (upper, middle, and bottom positions). The soil samples were air-dried, ground, and sieved through 2-mm mesh. Afterwards, the soil digestion was performed according to the USEPA 3051A protocol, and the trace elements were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (flame or graphite furnace atomization). Water samples were also collected monthly from September 2014 to September 2015 to determine the elemental composition by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The contents of all soil trace elements studied were below the threshold values established by Brazilian guidelines. The soil trace element (cations and/or oxyanions) distributions varied according to soil depth and organic matter content. Our findings contribute to the sparse inventory of Brazilian Cerrado wetlands regarding trace-element contents.

RESUMO. O pessegueiro (Prunus persica) é uma frutífera de clima temperado e necessita de frio durante o repouso hibernal para superar a dormência, entretanto, atualmente é cultivado em regiões subtropicais e tropicais, onde há menor ocorrência de frio durante essa fase fenológica. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a adaptabilidade e a estabilidade das fases vegetativa e reprodutiva de cultivares de pessegueiro em clima subtropical avaliando os estádios de brotação e floração. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições e quatro ramos por repetição, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo, no qual as parcelas representam o tempo (2 ciclos produtivos) e as subparcelas as cultivares (23). Foram avaliados a duração da brotação (DB) e floração (DF), o tempo médio de brotação (ATB) e floração (ATF), a quantidade de gemas vegetativas brotadas (RRB) e floríferas brotadas (RRF), a formação de ramos (SF) e frutificação efetiva (FS) e o número de horas com temperatura abaixo de 7,2ºC e 12ºC, e acima de 20ºC durante o período experimental. As cultivares ‘Bonão’, ‘Ouromel-4’, ‘Libra’ e ‘Maciel’ apresentam maior adaptabilidade e estabilidade da fase vegetativa e ‘Ouromel-4’ e ‘Libra’ apresentam maior adaptabilidade e estabilidade da fase reprodutiva de pessegueiro sob clima subtropical.

ABSTRACT. The peach tree (Prunus persica) is a fruit species native to temperate climates that requires a chill during its hibernal period to overcome dormancy. However, due to genetic breeding, varieties are currently grown in subtropical and tropical regions where there are low occurrences of chill during this phenological stage. This study evaluated the adaptability and stability of the reproductive and vegetative phases of peach tree cultivars in a subtropical climate. An experiment was designed in randomized blocks with split time plots, with 23 peach tree cultivars and four replications, with each replication consisting of one plant and four shoots. The years of evaluated (plots) and the cultivars (subplots) were considered to be treatments. The relative rates of budburst (RRB), flowering (RRF), shoot formation (SF) and fruit set (FS), average time of budburst (ATB) and flowering (ATF), duration of budburst (DB) and flowering (DF) and number of hours with temperatures below 7.20°C were evaluated during the experimental period. The cultivars ‘Bonão’, ‘Ouromel-4’, ‘Libra’ and ‘Maciel’ demonstrated greater adaptability during the vegetative phase, whereas‘Ouromel-4’ and ‘Libra’ demonstrated greater adaptability and stability during the reproductive phase of peach trees in a subtropical climate.

RESUMO Uma das grandes imprecisões que atravessam as seis décadas de história do Parque Ibirapuera é que seu projeto paisagístico teve a autoria de Roberto Burle Marx, o principal nome do paisagismo brasileiro. Este artigo busca reconstruir os processos de aproximação e desaproximação do paisagista com o parque e suas propostas de intervenção nos anos 1950, 1970 e 1990. Visa, ainda, retraçar as razões pelas quais tais projetos encontraram resistência à sua realização, pois apenas o último gerou resultados práticos e, ainda assim, parciais, o que torna o equívoco de atribuição, ainda corrente, um mito que neutraliza um processo histórico bastante tumultuado.

ABSTRACT One of the great misperceptions that has persisted over the six decades of the history of São Paulo’s Ibirapuera Park is that it was designed by Roberto Burle Marx, the biggest name in Brazilian landscape design. This article seeks to recover the pattern of approach and distancing of the landscaper with the park and his proposed interventions in the 1950s, 1970s and 1990s. It also aims to show the reasons why these projects met resistance, with only the latter generating practical, if partial, results, making the misunderstanding a myth that obscures a tumultuous historical process.

RESUMO No manejo da fertilidade de Latossolos brasileiros altamente intemperizados e lixiviados, o P é o macronutriente mais limitante. Assim, conduziu-se um experimento em casa de vegetação, objetivando-se avaliar a influência da interação entre doses de P, inoculação micorrízica e histórico de uso do solo no crescimento de Urochloa decumbens e absorção de P, em quatro Latossolos com atributos químicos, físicos e mineralógicos contrastantes. As plantas foram cultivadas em vasos contendo 4 kg de solo, dispostos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições e esquema fatorial 2x2x2: duas doses de P; com e sem inoculação micorrízica; solos cultivados por longos períodos e não cultivados (sob vegetação nativa). Realizaram-se dois cultivos com duração de 10 semanas cada. Após cada cultivo avaliaram-se a matéria seca da parte aérea, teor e acúmulo de P na parte aérea. No primeiro cultivo, maior resposta ao P aconteceu nos solos sob vegetação nativa em associação à inoculação e adição de P. No segundo cultivo, a inoculação teve maior efeito em todos os solos, associada à menor dose de P. O aumento do P no solo aumenta a concentração desse nutriente na parte aérea. A inoculação não teve efeito na concentração e no acúmulo de P na parte aérea de Urochloa. O crescimento de Urochloa decumbens foi fortemente influenciado pela interação entre classe de solo x histórico de uso da terra x dose de P x inoculação.

ABSTRACT In the fertility management of highly weathered-leached Brazilian Oxisols, P is the most limiting macronutrient. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with the objective to evaluate the influence of the interaction between P doses, mycorrhizal inoculation and historical land use on Urochloa decumbens growth and P uptake in four Oxisols with contrasting chemical, physical and mineralogical properties. The plants were cultivated in plastic pots containing 4 kg of soil in a completely randomized design, four replications and 2x2x2 factorial scheme: with two P doses; with and without mycorrhizal inoculation; soils cultivated for long periods and non-cultivated (under native vegetation). There were two plantings of ten weeks each. Shoot dry mater, concentration and accumulation of P in the shoot were evaluated. In the first planting, the Urochloa response was greater in non-cultivated soils associated with inoculation and P addition. However, in the second planting, the inoculation had a greater effect in all soils compared to the first planting associated with the lowest P dose. As the P concentration in the soil increased, P in the shoot dry matter increases. The inoculation did not affect the P concentration and accumulation in the shoot of Urochloa. The growth of Urochloa decumbens was strongly influenced by the interaction among soil class x history of land use x dose of P x inoculation.

RESUMO O P é um nutriente chave no manejo da fertilidade de solos tropicais altamente intemperizados. Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da interação entre doses de P, inoculação micorrízica e histórico de uso do solo no crescimento da soja e absorção de P em cinco Latossolos com atributos físicos, químicos e mineralógicos contrastantes recebendo adubação fosfatada por longo período (> 15 anos). As plantas foram cultivadas em potes plásticos (4,5 L) contendo 4 kg de solo em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, quatro repetições e esquema fatorial 2x2x2 correspondente a: duas doses de P; com e sem inoculação micorrízica; solos previamente cultivados e não cultivados (sob vegetação nativa). Foram realizados dois cultivos de dez semanas cada. Após cada um dos cultivos, avaliaram-se a massa seca da parte aérea, concentração e acúmulo de P na parte aérea. O cultivo do solo reduziu a resposta à aplicação de P e inoculação. A resposta da soja à inoculação foi maior nos solos cultivados e quando a menor dose de P foi aplicada. A magnitude dessas respostas foi diferente entre os Latossolos estudados, sendo os atributos mineralógicos e químicos dos Latossolos determinantes.

ABSTRACT Phosphorus is a key-nutrient in the fertility management of highly weathered tropical soils. So, this work was carried out with the objective of evaluating the influence of the interaction between P doses, mycorrhizal inoculation and historical land use on soybean growth and P uptake in five Latosols (Oxisols) with contrasting chemical, physical and mineralogical properties under a continuous long-term phosphate fertilization (more than 15 years). The plants were cultivated in 4.5L-plastic pots containing 4 kg of soil in a completely randomized design, four replications and 2x2x2 factorial scheme with two P doses; and with or without mycorrhizal inoculation; and soils cultivated for long periods and non-cultivated (under native vegetation). There were two cultivations of ten weeks each. Shoot dry mass, P content and accumulation in the shoot dry mass were evaluated after each cultivation period. The cultivation history reduced the response to P application and inoculation. The soybean response to inoculation was greater in cultivated soils and when the lower P dose was applied. The soybean response magnitude to these variables was different among the studied Latosols. The mineralogical and chemical attributes of the Latosols were determinants.