Abstract The purpose of this population-based, observational, and cross-sectional study was to evaluate alterations in the oral cells of a population of older people from a Brazilian rural area, using the micronucleus technique to investigate possible associated genotoxic factors. A questionnaire was applied and clinical examination and collection of oral mucosal cells were performed for all older people (≥ 60 years) from a town in southern Brazil. Demographic and socioeconomic variables, deleterious habits (drinking and tobacco use), presence of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) were considered the exposure variables, whereas metanuclear changes (MCs) and the prevalence of cell micronuclei (MN) were considered outcomes. Out of 489 older people, 447 were included in the study, among whom 50.8% were men with a mean age of 70.9 years and 83.9% had a monthly family income greater than US$ 500.00. GERD symptoms were present in 36.2% of the individuals, and 29.1% used PPIs daily, 53.3% consumed alcoholic beverages, and 46.7% used tobacco. The analysis of 1,000 oral mucosal cells per subject showed a MN frequency of 0–2 per individual, and MCs were detected with an average of 15 units per individual (median = 11 per individual). Poisson regression did not show statistical association between the exposure variables and the outcomes (presence of MN and MCs), except for the use of PPIs, which was a protective factor for the prevalence of MN [PR 0.6 (CI 0.3–0,9)]. Age, sex, family income, tobacco use and drinking, and GERD were not associated with the number of MN and MCs in oral mucosal cells of the investigated older people.

Resumo Introdução A perda dentária é um distúrbio de saúde dos idosos que pode levar à deficiência mastigatória e riscos nutricionais, induzindo alterações bioquímicas da síndrome metabólica (SM). Objetivo Verificar a relação entre número de dentes, medidas antropométricas e SM em um grupo de idosos. Material e método O estudo foi desenvolvido na cidade de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, e foi dividido em três fases. A primeira fase coletou informações do banco de dados de todos os participantes do projeto e a segunda coletou dados sociodemográficos, antropométricos e bioquímicos. A terceira fase foi dividida em duas outras fases: primeiro foram aplicadas entrevistas de saúde bucal aos idosos (281 pacientes avaliados por ligações telefônicas e 23 atendidos em domicílio) e, segundo, 45 pacientes foram selecionados aleatoriamente e convidados a validar os dados obtidos por telefone com exames clínicos orais. A amostra foi composta por 304 indivíduos. Os dados coletados foram tabulados e analisados por meio de testes estatísticos. Resultado Mulheres idosas com perda dentária severa apresentam um risco significativamente maior de desenvolver SM. Assim, a manutenção dos dentes naturais nos idosos é um fator protetor para a síndrome. Conclusão Os achados reforçam a hipótese de que a saúde bucal dos indivíduos, expressa pelo número de dentes, pode comprometer e aumentar o risco de SM em idosos.

Abstract Introduction Tooth loss is a health disorder of the elderly population that may lead to masticatory deficiency and nutritional risks, inducing the biochemical changes of metabolic syndrome (MS). Objective To verify the relationship among number of teeth, anthropometric measurements, and MS in a group of elderly people. Material and method The study was developed in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, and it was divided into three phases. The first phase collected information from the database of all project participants and the second one collected sociodemographic, anthropometric, and biochemical data. The third phase was divided into two other phases: first, oral health interviews were applied to the elderly (281 patients evaluated by telephone and 23 visited at home) and second, 45 patients were randomly selected and invited to validate the data obtained by telephone with oral clinical examinations performed by a trained dental surgeon. The sample consisted of 304 individuals. The data collected were tabulated and analyzed using statistical tests. Result Elderly women with severe tooth loss present a significantly higher risk of developing MS. Thus, the maintenance of natural teeth in the elderly is a protective factor for the syndrome. Conclusion The findings support the hypothesis that the oral health of individuals, expressed by the number of teeth, may compromise and increase the risk of MS in the elderly.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and compare the magnitude and distribution of stresses generated on implants, abutments and first molar metal-ceramic crowns using finite element analysis. METHODS: Preliminary three-dimensional models were created using the computer-aided design software SolidWorks. Stress and strain values were observed for two distinct virtual models: model 1 - Morse taper and solid abutment; model 2 - Morse taper and abutment with screw. A load (250 N) was applied to a single point of the occlusal surface at 15° to the implant long axis. Von Mises stresses were recorded for both groups at four main points: 1) abutment-retaining screws; 2) abutment neck; 3) cervical bone area; 4) implant neck. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Model 1 showed a higher stress value (1477.5 MPa) at the abutment-retaining screw area than the stresses found in model 2 (1091.1 MPa for the same area). The cervical bone strain values did not exceed 105 µm for either model.

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the influence of subcutaneous injection nicotine in osseointegration process on different implant surfaces. Methods: Twenty-two male rabbits were distributed into two groups according to the subcutaneous injections: (1) nicotine 3 mg/day/kg and (2) 0.9 % NaCI 3 mL/day/kg, three times a day; subgroups were then designated-machined and anodized implants were placed in the right and left tibia bones, respectively. The animals were submitted euthanasia after periods of eight weeks to determine nicotine and cotinine levels, alkaline phosphatase and biomechanical analysis. Results: The plasmatic levels of nicotine and cotinine were 0.5 ± 0.28 ng/mL and 9.5 ± 6.51 ng/mL, respectively. The alkaline phosphatase analyses in blood levels in control group were observed 40.8 ± 11.88 UI/L and 40.75 ± 12.46 UI/L, for the surfaces machined and anodized, respectively. In the test group was observed levels 37.9 ± 4.84 UI/L, for both implant surfaces. No significant differences were observed between control and test groups and between the implant surfaces regarding alkaline phosphatase blood levels. For biomechanics, no significant differences were observed in control group between the machined (25±8.46 Ncm) or anodized (31.2 ± 6.76 Ncm) implants. However, the treatment with nicotine induced higher torque than control in both machined (38.3 ± 13.52 Ncm) and anodized (35.5 ± 14.17 Ncm) implants, with p = 0.0024 and p = 0.0121, respectively. Conclusion: Subcutaneous injection of nicotine following implant insertion didn’t have effect on osseointegration, independently from the implant surface.

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência e a severidade da cárie dentária, ausências dentárias e restaurações pelo índice CPOD, tão bem como a eficiência dos programas de saúde bucal de pacientes com deficiência intelectual, com idades de 11 a 38 anos, que frequentavam a Associação de Pais e Amigos das Crianças Excepcionais-APAE Passo Fundo, Sul do Brasil. Métodos: A prevalência da cárie dentária foi avaliada pelo índice CPOD em 109 pacientes. A média e o desvio-padrão foram avaliados pela ANOVA unidirecional com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: 47 dos estudantes avaliados eram do sexo feminino, e 62 do masculino, apresentando deficiência mental moderada, síndrome de Down, paralisia cerebral e epilepsia. A média do CPO-D foi de 3.93 para as idades de 11-14 anos, 3.47 para 15-19 anos, 4.74 para 20-30 anos e 5.68 para os pacientes com 31-40 anos. Não houve diferenças significativas entre o índice de CPOD, gênero e deficiência intelectual. Conclusão: Os pacientes apresentaram higiene bucal aceitável dentro das suas limitações, sugerindo que o programa de prevenção e tratamento odontológico desenvolvido no APAE-PF/RS poderia ser utilizado como modelo de atenção à saúde para pacientes com deficiência intelectual em outras instituições e outras cidades.

ABSTRACT Objective: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and severity of dental caries, missing and restored teeth (DMFT) and the efficiency of oral health programs for patients with intellectual disabilities, from age 11 to 38, who attended at the Association of Exceptional Children’s Parents and Friends (APAE) in Passo Fundo, southern Brazil. Methods: The prevalence of dental caries was assessed by DMFT in 109 patients. The mean and standard deviation were evaluated by One-way ANOVA with 5% significance level. Results: 47 of the evaluated students were female and 62 male, with moderate mental disability, Down syndrome, cerebral paralysis and epilepsy. The DMFT average was 3.93 for 11-14 years, 3.47 for 15-19 years, 4.74 for 20-30 years and 5.68 for the group 31-40 years. There were no significant differences among the DMFT index, gender and intellectual disability for the groups. Conclusion: Patients had acceptable oral hygiene within their limitations, suggesting that prevention and dental care program developed in APAE-PF/RS could be used as a model for health care for patients with intellectual disabilities in other institutions and other cities.

OBJECTIVES: This research evaluated detail registration in peri-implant bone using two different cone beam computer tomography systems and a digital periapical radiograph. METHODS: Three different image acquisition protocols were established for each cone beam computer tomography apparatus, and three clinical situations were simulated in an ex vivo fresh pig mandible: buccal bone defect, peri-implant bone defect, and bone contact. Data were subjected to two analyses: quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative analyses involved a comparison of real specimen measures using a digital caliper in three regions of the preserved buccal bone – A, B and E (control group) – to cone beam computer tomography images obtained with different protocols (kp1, kp2, kp3, ip1, ip2, and ip3). In the qualitative analyses, the ability to register peri-implant details via tomography and digital periapical radiography was verified, as indicated by twelve evaluators. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=0.05). RESULTS: The quantitative assessment showed means statistically equal to those of the control group under the following conditions: buccal bone defect B and E with kp1 and ip1, peri-implant bone defect E with kp2 and kp3, and bone contact A with kp1, kp2, kp3, and ip2. Qualitatively, only bone contacts were significantly different among the assessments, and the p3 results differed from the p1 and p2 results. The other results were statistically equivalent. CONCLUSIONS: The registration of peri-implant details was influenced by the image acquisition protocol, although metal artifacts were produced in all situations. The evaluators preferred the Kodak 9000 3D cone beam computer tomography in most cases. The evaluators identified buccal bone defects better with cone beam computer tomography and identified peri-implant bone defects better with digital periapical radiography.

RESUMO O fibro-odontoma ameloblástico é um tumor odontogênico misto benigno, assintomático e raro, que pode ser facilmente confundido radiograficamente e histopatologicamente com outras enfermidades. Normalmente atinge uma população entre a primeira e a segunda décadas de vida, sendo mais frequente em mandíbula e com predileção pelo sexo masculino. Este tumor caracteriza-se pela agenesia dentária no local do tumor, sem predileção por região anatômica, e por um aumento de volume intrabucal, podendo causar leve assimetria facial. Apresenta crescimento lento, porém expansivo; revela-se como uma lesão radiolúcida bem definida, normalmente unilocular, com radiopacidades no seu interior. Normalmente a remoção cirúrgica é conservadora e o prognóstico é favorável. O presente trabalho relata um caso clínico de fibro-odontoma ameloblástico tratado por meio de remoção cirúrgica e com acompanhamento de dois anos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o fibro-odontoma ameloblástico em sua integralidade, buscando expor ao cirurgião-dentista os melhores métodos de diagnóstico e tratamento para tal lesão.

ABSTRACT The ameloblastic fibro-odontoma is a benign, mixed, asymptomatic and rare odontogenic tumor that can easily be confused radiographically and histologically with other diseases. Usually it affects a population between the first and second decades of life, is more frequent in the mandible and shows predilection for males. This lesion, characterized by dental agenesis at the tumor site, has no predilection for anatomical region; however, an increase of intraoral volume may cause mild facial asymmetry. It shows slow but expansive growth, and is a well-defined radiolucent lesion, usually unilocular, with radiopacity inside. Normally surgical removal is conservative and the prognosis is favorable. This article reports a case of ameloblastic fibro-odontoma treated by surgical removal and follow-up of two years. The aim of this work was to study the ameloblastic fibro-odontoma in its entirety, seeking to inform clinicians about the best diagnostic and treatment methods for this type lesion.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar por meio de densitometria óssea o comportamento de dois fatores que podem inteferir no processo da osseointegração: a nicotina e a texturização superficial dos implantes. Métodos Dezenove coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia (Oryctolagus cuniculus) foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos (teste e controle), nos quais foram colocados 38 implantes. Na tíbia direita dos animais foram inseridos dezenove implantes usinados (lisos) de 3,75 mm de diâmetro por 6,0 mm de comprimento e, na tíbia esquerda, dezenove implantes anodizados (Vulcano(r)) nas mesmas dimensões. Foram administradas no grupo teste injeções subcutâneas de nicotina 3ml/dia/kg, três vezes ao dia, o grupo controle recebeu igualmente, três vezes ao dia, solução subcutânea de NaCl (3ml/dia/kg), por oito semanas. Após esse período, procedeu-se a análise densitométrica. Resultados Considerando a densidade óptica (pixels), não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os tipos de implantes (p = 0.135) bem como entre os grupos (p=0.590). Conclusão A nicotina dentro das condições experimentais empregadas neste estudo e a texturização superficial dos implantes não interferiram na densidade óssea.

ABSTRACT Objective The objective of this experimental study was to evaluate, through bone densitometry, the performance of two factors that may influence the osseointegration process: nicotine and superficial texturization of the implants. Methods Nineteen New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were randomly distributed in two groups (test and control), in which 38 implants were placed. 19 machined implants (flat) 3.75 mm of diameter by 6.0 mm length were placed at the right tibia of the animals and, at the left tibia, 19 anodized implants (Vulcano(r)) with the same dimensions. Subcutaneous injections of nicotine 3ml/day/kg, three times a day were administered in group, group control also received, three times a day, subcutaneous solution of NaCl (3ml/day/kg), for 8 weeks. After this period, the densitometry analysis was performed. Results Considering the optical density (pixels), there were no statistical significant differences between the types of implants (p = 0.135) as well as between groups (p=0.590). Conclusion The nicotine inside the experimental conditions used in this study and the superficial texturization of the implants indicated that they were not influencing bone density.

Introdução As lesões do joelho são muito comuns na prática esportiva, dentre as quais se destaca a lesão do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) pela frequência e gravidade. Objetivo Analisar a força muscular concêntrica de abdução e adução do quadril em atletas pós-reconstrução do LCA que completaram seu protocolo de reabilitação e foram liberados para o retorno à prática esportiva. O objetivo secundário foi comparar a força muscular isocinética de atletas profissionais e não profissionais após a reabilitação da reconstrução do LCA. Métodos Foram avaliados 54 atletas, com média de idade 23,2 ± 4,3 anos, divididos em dois grupos: Grupo LCA (n=27) operados de lesão do LCA e Grupo Controle (n=27) não operados. Foi realizada a dinamometria isocinética dos abdutores e adutores do quadril em duas velocidades, 30 e 60°/seg. Resultados Na avaliação de força e potência muscular dos abdutores do quadril houve maior atividade muscular do lado operado na velocidade de 60º/seg e menor na velocidade de 30º/seg na comparação com o lado não operado. Conclusão A força dos músculos abdutores do quadril de atletas pós-reconstrução de LCA que finalizaram seu protocolo de reabilitação e que retornaram à prática esportiva apresentou valores de torque maiores do lado operado na velocidade de 60º/seg. Na velocidade de 30º/seg houve uma tendência do lado não operado apresentar maior força. Não foi identificada deficiência na força muscular isocinética dos músculos adutores do quadril. Além disso, não foi identificada diferença entre os membros operado e não operado dos subgrupos "atletas profissionais" e "atletas não profissionais".

Introduction Knee injuries are very common in sports, among which stands out the anterior cruciate ligament injury (ACL) by the frequency and severity. Objective To analyze the concentric muscle strength of hip abduction and adduction in athletes after ACL reconstruction who finished their rehabilitation protocol and were allowed to return practicing sports. The secondary objective was to compare the isokinetic muscle strength of professional and non-professional athletes after rehabilitation of ACL reconstruction. Methods Fifty-four athletes, with mean age 23.2 ± 4.3 years were evaluated, divided into two groups: ACL Group (n=27) operated from ACL injury and Control Group (n=27) not operated. Isokinetic dynamometry was carried out of hip abductors and adductors at two different speeds, 30 and 60°/second. Results In the evaluation of muscle strength and power of hip abductors, the muscular activity in the operated side was higher at the speed of 60º/second and lower at the speed of 30°/second in comparison to the non-operated side. Conclusion The strength of hip abductor muscles of athletes after ACL reconstruction who completed their rehabilitation protocol and who returned to sports showed higher torque values in the operated side at the speed of 60º/second. At the speed of 30°/second, there was a tendency of non-operated side showing greater strength. Deficiency in the isokinetic muscle strength was not identified in hip adductors muscles. Moreover, no difference has been identified between operated and non-operated members in subgroups "professional athletes" and "non-professional athletes".

Introducción Las lesiones de rodillas son muy comunes en los deportes, entre ellas se destaca la lesión del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) por la frecuencia y gravedad. Objetivo Analizar la fuerza muscular concéntrica de abducción y aducción de la cadera en atletas después de la reconstrucción de LCA, que completaron su protocolo de rehabilitación y fueron liberados para volver a practicar deportes. El objetivo secundario fue comparar la fuerza muscular isocinética de los deportistas profesionales y no profesionales en rehabilitación después de la reconstrucción del LCA. Métodos Cincuenta y cuatro atletas, con edad promedio de 23,2 ± 4,3 años, fueran evaluados, divididos en dos grupos: Grupo LCA (n=27), operados de lesiones LCA y Grupo Control (n=27) no operados. Se realizó una dinamometría isocinética de los abductores y aductores de la cadera a dos velocidades, 30 y 60°/segundo. Resultados En la evaluación de la fuerza y potencia muscular de los abductores de la cadera se mostró una mayor actividad muscular en el lado operado a la velocidad de 60°/segundo y menor a la velocidad de 30°/segundo en comparación con el lado no operado. Conclusión La fuerza de los músculos abductores de la cadera en atletas después de la reconstrucción de LCA que completaron su protocolo de rehabilitación y que regresaron a los deportes tuve valores de torque superiores del lado operado a la velocidad de 60º/segundo. En la velocidad de 30°/segundo, hubo una tendencia del lado no operado a tener una mayor fuerza. No se identificó la deficiencia en la fuerza muscular isocinética de los músculos aductores de la cadera. Además, no se identificó diferencias entre los miembros operados y no operado entre los subgrupos "atletas profesionales" y "atletas no profesionales."

O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar o potencial proliferativo celular das lesões de líquen plano bucal (LPB) de pacientes sem vírus da hepatite C (VHC) por meio do método AgNOR, comparando-o ao potencial proliferativo celular da mucosa bucal normal de portadores de VHC, tratados ou não com interferon e ribavirina. Um estudo transversal foi realizado para investigar 4 grupos: 10 pacientes VHC+ sem sinais clínicos de LPB que nunca haviam sido tratados para a infecção por VHC - Grupo 1; 10 pacientes VHC+ que estavam sob tratamento com interferon e ribavirina - Grupo 2; 15 pacientes com LPB reticular histopatologicamente confirmado, sem VHC - Grupo 3; e 15 doadores de sangue sem infecção por VHC e sem sinais clínicos de LPB (Grupo 4 - Grupo de Controle). O material celular de todos os grupos foi coletado pela técnica da citologia em base líquida. Então, o material sedimentado de cada paciente foi submetido ao método da impregnação das regiões organizadoras nucleolares pela prata (AgNOR). A contagem das NORs foi realizada em 100 núcleos celulares epiteliais por paciente por meio do programa Image Tool(r). O teste Tukey HSD foi utilizado para comparar o valor médio de NORs entre os grupos e mostrou que a mucosa bucal dos pacientes VHC+ previamente tratados com fármacos anti-VHC (Grupo 2) apresentou maior número médio de NORs por núcleo em relação aos outros (p<0,05). O tratamento anti-VHC pode estar relacionado ao aumento da atividade proliferativa celular da mucosa bucal, aventando uma possível relação entre LPB e pacientes VHC+ tratados com interferon e ribavirina.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the cellular proliferative potential of oral lichen planus (OLP) lesions from patients without hepatitis C virus (HCV) by means of AgNOR method, as well as the cellular proliferative potential of the normal oral mucosa from patients with HCV, treated or untreated by interferon and ribavirin. A cross-sectional study was developed to investigate four groups: 10 HCV+ patients without clinical signs of OLP who had never been treated for HCV infection - Group 1; 10 HCV+ patients that were under interferon and ribavirin treatment - Group 2; 15 patients with reticular OLP lesions histopathologically confirmed, without HCV - Group 3; and 15 blood donors without HCV infection and no clinical signs of OLP GROUP 4 Control Group. The cytological material of all groups was collected by the liquid-based cytology technique. Then, the sedimented material from each patient was filled with the Nucleolar Organizer Regions impregnation by silver method (AgNOR). The count of NORs was performed on 100 epithelial cell nuclei per patient using the Image Tool(tm) software. The Tukey HSD test was used to compare the median value of NORs among the groups and showed that the oral mucosa of HCV+ patients previously treated with anti-HCV drugs (GROUP 2), presented a higher average number of NORs in relation to others (p<0.05). The anti-HCV treatment may be related to increased cell proliferation of oral mucosa, indicating a possible relationship between OLP and HCV+ patients treated with interferon and ribavirin.

Os consumidores costumam associar os produtos cárneos processados a uma imagem negativa em função dos teores de gordura saturada, sódio e aditivos químicos que apresentam. O trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a influência da adição de farinha de semente de linhaça dourada (Linum usitatissimum L.) como substituto de gordura suína e da utilização de sal com teor reduzido de sódio nas características físicas, químicas, microbiológicas e sensoriais de hambúrgueres de carne bovina. Visando tornar o hambúrguer mais saudável, seis formulações foram desenvolvidas mudando as concentrações de sal light e de farinha de linhaça. Os resultados demonstraram que a adição de 10,0% de farinha de semente de linhaça dourada em substituição a 100,0% do toucinho contribuiu para o aumento (p < 0,05) do teor de proteínas. A adição de 5,0% de farinha de linhaça dourada em substituição a 50,0% do toucinho refletiu em boas notas para todos os atributos sensoriais avaliados. Houve aumento (p < 0,05) dos percentuais de ômega-3 e cinzas, e redução (p < 0,05) dos lipídios totais e valor calórico, independente dos níveis de adição da farinha. A substituição de toucinho por farinha de semente de linhaça contribuiu para o menor encolhimento e melhor rendimento, bem como para maior retenção de umidade e de gordura dos hambúrgueres. O sal light não interferiu negativamente nas características microbiológicas dos hambúrgueres e quando associado com a adição de 5,0% de farinha de linhaça contribuiu para melhor (p < 0,05) sabor e aroma. Os resultados sugeriram que a adição de 5,0% de farinha de semente de linhaça dourada como substituto de 50,0% da gordura suína, bem como a redução de 60,1% do sódio em hambúrgueres de carne bovina, se caracterizou alternativa viável do ponto de vista nutricional e sensorial, contribuindo ainda para o maior rendimento do produto após o cozimento.

Consumers tend to have a negative image of processed meat products, due to their contents of saturated fat, sodium and chemical additives. This work aimed to study the influence of adding golden flaxseed flour (Linum usitatissimum L.) as a substitute for pork fat as well as using reduced sodium salt, on the physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory profiles of beef burgers. With a view to making the burgers healthier, six formulations were developed with different concentrations of light salt and flaxseed flour. The results showed that the total replacement of pork fat by 10.0% of golden flaxseed flour significantly increased (p<0.05) the protein content. The burgers with the addition of 5.0% golden flaxseed flour to replace 50.0% of the pork fat presented good scores for all the sensory attributes evaluated. Independent of the percentage of flour added to the burgers, the omega-3 and ash contents increased (p<0.05), while the total lipids, caloric value and fat content of the dry matter showed a significant decrease (p<0.05). The replacement of pork fat by flaxseed flour contributed to reduced shrinkage and a higher yield, as well as burgers showing greater moisture and fat retention. The use of light salt did not affect the antimicrobial potential and when combined with 5.0% of flaxseed flour significantly improved the flavour and taste (p < 0.05). The results suggested that the addition of 5.0% golden flaxseed flour as a substitute for 50.0% saturated fat and a sodium reduction of 60.1% in the burgers was a viable alternative for the nutritional and sensorial attributes, as well as providing a higher yield after cooking.