ABSTRACT To simplify the characterization of wood species, the Brazilian standard document ABNT NBR 7190-1 (2022) establishes the determination of mechanical properties employing the characteristic strength in the compression parallel to grain (fc0,k). This mechanical property is estimated using the linear relation given by the following expression fv0,k = 0.12·fc0,k Brazilian and European standard documents support the estimation of fv0,k using relations among properties. However, the European guidelines in the EN 384 (2019) have used the conventional characteristic strength in the static bending test (fM,k). Thus, this study aimed to investigate the efficiency of the ratio fv0,k = 0.12·fc0,k for adopting 30 hardwoods. The variance analysis results demonstrate the divergence among the experimental outcomes and those values estimated using the relation cited. Therefore, regression models at two parameters were considered to obtain more accurate estimates of fv0,k by adopting fc0,k, and fM,k as independent variables. Regarding the results, the geometric (R² = 80.80%) and linear (R² = 74.19%) models were the most accurate for the estimates of fv0,k in terms of fc0,k, and fM,k, respectively. This fact evinces the good accuracy of the models under consideration, which may provide a more rigorous structural design compared to the correlation currently prescribed by the ABNT NBR 7190-1 (2022).

RESUMO Para simplificar a caracterização de espécies de madeira, o documento normativo brasileiro ABNT NBR 7190-1 (2022) estabelece a determinação de propriedades mecânicas por meio da resistência característica na compressão paralela às fibras (fc0,k). Essa propriedade mecânica é estimada utilizando-se da relação linear dada pela expressão a seguir fv0,k = 0.12·fc0,k. Ambos os documentos normativos europeu e brasileiro prescrevem a estimativa da fv0,k empregando-se relações entre propriedades, embora as diretrizes da europeia contidas na EN 384 (2019) utilize a resistência característica convencional obtida no teste de flexão estática (fM,k). Assim, esse estudo teve o objetivo de investigar a eficiência da relação fv0,k = 0.12·fc0,k para 30 espécies folhosas. Os resultados da análise de variância demonstram a divergência entre os resultados experimentais e aqueles estimados utilizando-se da relação citada. Portanto, modelos de regressão em função de dois parâmetros foram considerados para se obter estimativas mais precisas da fv0,k através da adoção da fc0,k e fM,k como variáveis independentes. Com relação aos resultados, os modelos geométrico (R² = 80.80%) e linear (R² = 74.19%) foram os mais precisos para a estimativa da fv0,k em termos da fc0,k e fM,k, respectivamente. Este fato evidencia a boa precisão dos modelos em questão, o que pode proporcionar um dimensionamento estrutural mais rigoroso quando comparado à correlação atualmente prescrita pela ABNT NBR 7190-1 (2022).

Objective: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is related to glutamatergic dysfunction. Antagonists of glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), such as ketamine, have antidepressant properties. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is also a NMDAR antagonist. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of augmenting antidepressant treatment with N2O. Methods: This double blind, placebo-controlled randomized parallel pilot trial was conducted from June 2016 to June 2018 at the Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo. Twenty-three subjects with MDD (aged 18 to 65, on antidepressants, with a score > 17 on the 17-item-Hamilton Depression Rating Scale [HAM-D17]) received 50% N2O (n=12; 37.17±13.59 years) or placebo (100% oxygen) (n=11; 37.18±12.77 years) for 60 minutes twice a week for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was changes in HAM-D17 from baseline to week 4. Results: Depressive symptoms improved significantly in the N2O group (N2O: from 22.58±3.83 to 5.92±4.08; placebo: from 22.44±3.54 to 12.89±5.39, p < 0.005). A total of 91.7% and 75% of the N2O group subjects achieved response (≥ 50% reduction in HAM-D17 score) and remission (HAM-D17 < 7), respectively. The predominant adverse effects of N2O treatment were nausea, vomiting, and headache. Conclusion: N2O treatment led to a statistically significant reduction in HAM-D17 scores compared to placebo. Clinical trial registration: Brazilian Register of Clinical Trials, RBR-5rz5ch

Resumo Em 2014, a Comissão Econômica para a América Latina e o Caribe (CEPAL) afirmava que uma estratégia de desenvolvimento direcionada para maior equidade econômica, maior justiça social e maior proteção ambiental poderia ser adotada em vários países da América Latina - um cenário que, no entanto, se desfigurou nos últimos anos. Este artigo tem assim três objetivos: (1) analisar o caráter utópico da agenda da CEPAL para a promoção de sociedades mais igualitárias na América Latina; (2) elencar os principais determinantes da redução da desigualdade de renda no Brasil no período 2004-2014; e (3) examinar a interrupção da trajetória de redução da desigualdade de renda - a partir do golpe político de 2016 e da aprovação de reformas neoliberais que aumentaram a precariedade dos empregos e enfraqueceram o sistema de proteção social -, como evidência da interdição de uma estratégia de desenvolvimento inclusivo no Brasil.

Résumé En 2014, la Commission économique pour l’Amérique latine et les Caraïbes (CEPALC) a déclaré qu’une stratégie de développement visant à une plus grande équité économique, une plus grande justice sociale et une plus grande protection de l’environnement pourrait être adoptée dans plusieurs pays d’Amérique latine - un scénario qui s’est toutefois défiguré ces dernières années. Cet article a donc trois objectifs : (1) analyser la nature utopique de l’agenda de la CEPALC pour la promotion de sociétés plus égalitaires en Amérique latine ; (2) énumérer les principaux déterminants de la réduction des inégalités de revenus au Brésil au cours de la période 2004-2014 ; et (3) examiner l’interruption de la trajectoire de réduction des inégalités de revenus - depuis le coup d’État politique de 2016 et l’approbation de réformes néolibérales qui ont accru la précarité de l’emploi et affaibli le système de protection sociale - comme preuve de l’interdiction d’une stratégie de développement inclusif au Brésil.

Abstract In 2014, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) stated that a development strategy aimed at greater economic equity, greater social justice and greater environmental protection could be adopted in several countries in Latin America - a scenario which however has been disfigured in recent years. This article thus has three objectives: (1) to analyze the utopian character of ECLAC’s agenda for the promotion of more egalitarian societies in Latin America; (2) to list the main determinants of the reduction of income inequality in Brazil in the period 2004-2014; and (3) to examine the interruption of the trajectory of reduction of income inequality - from the 2016 political coup and the approval of neoliberal reforms that increased the precariousness of jobs and weakened the social protection system -, as evidence of the interdiction of an inclusive development strategy in Brazil.

RESUMO O presente estudo trata da evolução do mercado de trabalho brasileiro e da distribuição de rendimentos do trabalho na recente desaceleração e crise da economia brasileira. Entre 2012 e 2019, ocorreram transformações significativas marcadas pelo aumento do desemprego e da informalidade, sobretudo em 2015 e 2016. Os indicadores de desigualdade de rendimentos, contudo, apresentaram tendência distinta, com continuidade da desconcentração que vinha sendo observada até 2016. A partir da utilização de duas fontes de dados produzidas pelo IBGE, PNAD e PNAD Contínua, é desenvolvida a análise econométrica que buscou identificar os efeitos do comportamento da economia e do salário-mínimo sobre os diferentes níveis de rendimento do trabalho. Como resultados encontrados houve a confirmação do importante efeito do salário-mínimo sobre os níveis baixos/médios de rendimento do trabalho, corroborando e qualificando outros estudos que destacaram o papel do salário-mínimo na melhoria da distribuição de renda do país para períodos anteriores. Foi também observado que o salário-mínimo praticamente não influencia os rendimentos dos dois primeiros décimos da distribuição, sendo seu maior efeito percebido entre o terceiro e o sétimo décimos da distribuição de renda. Para os décimos superiores, o comportamento da economia possui maior peso na determinação dos rendimentos

ABSTRACT This study examines Brazil's labor market and labor income distribution from 2012 to 2019 when the country faced economic deceleration and crisis. During the period, the labor market experienced significant transformations such as increased unemployment and informality, especially in 2015 and 2016. However, income inequality indicators showed a somewhat distinct trend with continued deconcentration until 2016. Using data from the IBGE/PNAD databases, the econometric analysis examined the effects of economic indicators and the minimum wage on labor income. The results confirm that the minimum wage had a significant impact on low/average levels of labor income, corroborating and qualifying other studies that highlighted the role of the minimum wage in improving the country's income distribution in previous periods. It was also observed that the minimum wage had little influence on the earnings of the first two-tenths of the distribution. Its most significant effect was observed between the third and seventh tenths of the income distribution. For the top tenths, economy indicators had more considerable weight in determining income.

Abstract Introduction The Internet Gaming Disorder Scale – Short Form (IGDS9-SF) assesses the severity, harmful effects and/or consequences of excessive online and offline gaming. Its conciseness and theoretical foundations on current diagnostic criteria of gaming disorders make it a useful resource for clinical and screening settings. Objective To describe the process of cross-cultural adaptation of the IGDS9-SF to the Brazilian context. Methods The cross-cultural adaptation involved the steps of independent translation of the instrument, synthesis version, back-translation, pre-test and elaboration of the final version. Content validity assessment was conducted by a multidisciplinary committee of experts and consisted of both a quantitative analysis (calculation of content validity coefficients – CVC) and a qualitative analysis (assessment of the experts’ comments and suggestions). The pre-test sample consisted of 30 gamers with variable sociodemographic characteristics. Results The cross-cultural adaptation of the scale followed the proposed protocol, and the CVC was satisfactory (≥ 0.83) for all the structures and equivalences assessed. Most of the suggestions made by the experts were accepted (mainly adjustments and language standardization). The gamers who participated in the pre-test judged the scale easy to understand and did not suggest changes. Discussion The Brazilian version of the IGDS9-SF showed adequate content validity and is available for researchers and clinicians, as well as for the investigation of additional psychometric characteristics.

Resumo Neste trabalho foi investigada a influência da inclusão de frações mássicas de cimento Portland (CP-V ARI) [0%, 10%, 20% e 30%] a título de simular parcelas de resíduo de construção civil que tenha frações cimentícias não hidratadas na produção de painéis de partículas compostos de madeira de Pinus sp. e resina poliuretana à base de mamona, buscando avaliar o potencial de painéis produzidos com adição de materiais granulares como resíduos de construção civil. A caracterização física e mecânica de painéis MDP com adição de cimento foi feita com o auxílio da norma brasileira NBR 14810 e da análise de variância (ANOVA), sendo analisadas as propriedades físicas e mecânicas. Foram fabricados 4 painéis de 400 mm x 400 mm x 10 mm com partículas de Pinus sp. e resina poliuretana à base de óleo de mamona com teor de adesivo igual a 10% em relação à massa seca de partículas, para cada tratamento, totalizando 16 painéis. Para cada painel foram retirados 3 corpos de prova (CP) para avaliação das propriedades físicas e mecânicas. A adição de frações mássicas de cimento acima de 10% impactou negativamente as propriedades mecânicas dos painéis, por ter diminuído os valores de MOE e MOR. As propriedades de densidade, absorção e inchamento se mantiveram dentro dos requisitos da norma.

Abstract This research study investigates the influence of the inclusion of Portland cement mass fractions (CP-V ARI) [0%, 10%, 20% and 30%] on the production of composite wood panels made with Pinus sp. and castor oil-based polyurethane resin, with the aim of evaluating the potential of panels produced with the addition of granular materials as construction waste. The characterisation was performed with the aid of the Brazilian standard NBR 14810 and an analysis of variance (ANOVA), analysing the physical and mechanical properties. Four 400 mm x 400 mm x 10 mm panels were manufactured for each treatment, totalling 16 panels. For each panel, 3 test specimens (CP) were taken for an evaluation of their physical and mechanical properties. The addition of mass fractions of cement larger than 10% are detrimental to the mechanical properties of the panels, reducing the MOE and MOR values. The density, absorption and swelling properties remained within the requirements of the standard.

Resumo Objetivo Apresentar o processo de adaptação transcultural do Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) para o contexto brasileiro. Métodos A adaptação transcultural envolveu as etapas de tradução independente, versão síntese e retrotradução. A validade de conteúdo foi realizada por um comitê multidisciplinar de especialistas, com avaliação quantitativa dos índices de concordância. Por fim, o pré-teste foi conduzido com a população-alvo. Resultados Todos os estágios da adaptação transcultural foram seguidos, e na maioria das estruturas avaliadas, os valores de concordância foram satisfatórios (≥ 4.75). Grande parte das sugestões de modificações feitas pelos especialistas foram acatadas, sendo as principais relacionadas a ajustes no tempo e concordância verbal e a inclusão de letras e palavras para permitir a flexão de gênero. No pré-teste nenhuma sugestão foi apresentada e o instrumento foi considerado compreensível. Conclusão A versão brasileira do PID-5 mostrou-se adequada ao contexto brasileiro sob as perspectivas semântica, idiomática, cultural e conceitual. A versão brasileira avaliada é de uso livre, foi aprovada pelas editoras responsáveis pelos direitos autorais do instrumento e é considerada oficial. Novos estudos estão sendo conduzidos para aprimorar a busca por evidencias de validade e confiabilidade.

Abstract Objective To describe the process of cross-cultural adaptation of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) to the Brazilian context. Methods Cross-cultural adaptation involved the steps of independent translation of the instrument, synthesis version, and back-translation. Analysis of content validity was conducted by a multidisciplinary expert committee and consisted of quantitative assessment of agreement indicators. The test was then applied to a target population. Results All the steps required for a cross-cultural adaptation were followed and satisfactory agreement values (≥ 4.75) were reached for most of the structures assessed. Most of the changes suggested by the experts were followed; these changes consisted primarily of adjustments to verb tense and agreement and the inclusion of letters and words to allow gender inflection. In the pre-test, no suggestions were made and the instrument was considered comprehensible. Conclusion The Brazilian version of the PID-5 was found to be adequate to the Brazilian context from semantic, idiomatic, cultural, and conceptual perspectives. The Brazilian version assessed here can be freely used, was approved by the publishers who hold the copyright on the instrument, and is considered the official version of the instrument. New studies are underway to determine the validity and reliability of the PID-5.

Objective: The incidence rate of major depression in adolescents reaches approximately 14%. This disorder is usually recurrent, without remission of symptoms even after pharmacological treatment, and persists throughout adult life. Since the effects of antidepressants take approximately 2 weeks to begin, new pharmacological therapies are under continuous exploration. Recent evidence suggests that psychedelics could produce rapid antidepressant effects. In this study, we evaluated the potential antidepressant effects of ayahuasca in a juvenile non-human primate model of depression. Methods: While living with their families, juvenile marmosets (8 males; 7 females) were observed on alternate days for four weeks during a baseline phase. This was followed by 8 weeks of an induced depressive state protocol, the social isolated context (IC), in which the animals were monitored in the first and last weeks. Subsequently, five males and four females were randomly selected for treatment, first with a single administration of saline vehicle (1.67 mL/300 g of body weight, via gavage), followed by a single dose of ayahuasca (1.67 mL/300 g of body weight, via gavage). Both phases lasted 1 week and the animals were monitored daily. A third week of sampling was called the tardive-pharmacological effects phase. In all phases the marmosets were assessed for behavior, fecal cortisol levels, and body weight. Results: After IC, the animals presented typical hypocortisolemia, but cortisol recovered to baseline levels 24 h after an acute dose of ayahuasca; this recovery was not observed in vehicle-treated animals. Additionally, in males, ayahuasca, but not the vehicle, reduced scratching, a stereotypic behavior, and increased feeding. Ayahuasca treatment also improved body weight to baseline levels in both sexes. The ayahuasca-induced behavioral response had long-term effects (14 days). Thus, in this translational juvenile animal model of depression, ayahuasca presented beneficial effects. Conclusions: These results can contribute to the validation of ayahuasca as an antidepressant drug and encourage new studies on psychedelic drugs as a tool for treating mood disorders, including for adolescents with early-onset depression.

Resumo Há vários anos o salário mínimo (SM) vem passando por um intenso processo de crescimento no Brasil. Diversos autores têm argumentado que importante parcela da melhoria da distribuição de renda no passado recente pode ser atribuída ao aumento do SM. A partir do cálculo das elasticidades dos rendimentos em relação ao SM, este artigo procura estimar os efeitos da atual política de reajuste do SM sobre a melhoria da distribuição de renda. O resultado das simulações realizadas mostra que o SM contribuiu bastante nos últimos anos, tanto pelo mercado de trabalho quanto através das pensões, aposentadorias e outras transferências oficiais.

Abstract In recent years the Brazilian minimum wage (MW) has gone through an intense process of growth. Different authors have argued that an important part of the improvement in income distribution can be attributed to the increase in the MW in the recent past. Using income elasticities with respect to MW, this paper seeks to estimate the effects of current MW adjustment policy on improving income distribution. The results of simulations show that MW contributed greatly in recent years through the labor market as well as through pensions and other official transfers.

Abstract Background: Recent evidence has shown improvements in schizophrenia symptoms after the infusion of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide (NO) donor. In the rat model of schizophrenia using ketamine injection, pretreatment with SNP seems to prevent behavioral changes associated with positive symptoms for up to one week. Objective: We investigated whether SNP would have preventative effects on psychogenic symptoms induced by ketamine in healthy subjects. Methods: Healthy subjects (N = 38) were assigned to distinct groups that received SNP in different doses (0.15, 0.25, and 0.5 mcg/kg/min). First, participants received an infusion of SNP or placebo over 75 minutes. After 10 minutes, they were injected for 1 minute with a bolus of 0.26 mg/kg of ketamine and a maintenance dose was started 5 minutes later, with 0.25 mg/kg/h of ketamine for 50 minutes. Results: Ketamine-induced psychopathological alterations induced were reduced by SNP, as assessed with the Brief Psychological Rating Scale. Scores in the objective subscale of the Clinician-Administered Dissociative States Scale were also lower in SNP sessions compared to placebo. SNP had protective effects against deterioration in facial emotion and identity recognition tasks induced by ketamine. Discussion: Our findings support the view that SNP has preventative properties against psychotic manifestations.

Abstract Background: Neuroimaging studies are an invaluable source of information about the physiopathology of schizophrenia. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a new magnetic resonance technique (MRI) that is able to effectively evaluate brain function without the use of radiation. Objective: To make a systematic review of studies using ASL to compare resting-state regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) patterns in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Methods: Original articles were searched for on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and PsycINFO electronic databases. The search terms used were ‘arterial’, ‘spin’, ‘labeling’, and ‘schizophrenia’. Only studies comparing resting-state rCBF were included, a qualitative synthesis was then performed. Results: Ten articles were included in the review among a total of 22. Decreased rCBF in schizophrenia patients was described in the anterior cingulate, cuneus, fusiform gyrus, frontal lobe, left middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, lingual gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, and parietal lobe. The putamen was the only region with increased rCBF in schizophrenia. Discussion: The evidence of the studies reviewed lends support to the concept of hipofrontality in schizophrenia. rCBF alterations were found in regions classically associated with schizophrenia. ASL seems to be valid, and reliable tool to assess schizophrenia.

Objectives: Ayahuasca (AYA), a natural psychedelic brew prepared from Amazonian plants and rich in dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and harmine, causes effects of subjective well-being and may therefore have antidepressant actions. This study sought to evaluate the effects of a single dose of AYA in six volunteers with a current depressive episode. Methods: Open-label trial conducted in an inpatient psychiatric unit. Results: Statistically significant reductions of up to 82% in depressive scores were observed between baseline and 1, 7, and 21 days after AYA administration, as measured on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and the Anxious-Depression subscale of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). AYA administration resulted in nonsignificant changes in Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) scores and in the thinking disorder subscale of the BPRS, suggesting that AYA does not induce episodes of mania and/or hypomania in patients with mood disorders and that modifications in thought content, which could indicate psychedelic effects, are not essential for mood improvement. Conclusions: These results suggest that AYA has fast-acting anxiolytic and antidepressant effects in patients with a depressive disorder.

Objective: Schizophrenia is one of the most severe psychiatric disorders, and its current treatment relies on antipsychotic medications with only partial effectiveness. Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic with a specific profile of action indicated for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Neuroimaging studies assessing the effects of clozapine could help shed light on the neural underpinnings of the effects of this drug in the brain. The objective of this study was to review the available literature on the structural and functional neuroimaging findings associated with use of clozapine. Method: We conducted a systematic review of the indexed literature using the PubMed, BIREME, and ISI Web of Knowledge search engines and the following keywords: clozapine, neuroimaging, computed tomography, MRI, functional magnetic resonance, PET, SPECT, and DTI. Results: A total of 23 articles were included in the review. In structural studies, the use of clozapine was associated with volume reductions in the basal ganglia, especially the caudate nucleus, where functional neuroimaging studies also found decreased perfusion. In the frontal lobe, clozapine treatment was associated with increased gray matter volume and reduced perfusion. Conclusion: The results of the studies reviewed suggest that the use of clozapine is associated with distinctive structural and functional neuroimaging findings that are not shared with other antipsychotics.

Este artigo busca examinar a evolução dos resultados da distribuição funcional da renda no período recente, provendo também informações atualizadas que objetivam complementar o SCN do Brasil. No período de 1995 a 2009, houve perda gradual da participação das remunerações na renda nacional até 2004, posteriormente revertida e recuperada até o final da série. Quanto ao rendimento destinado ao capital verificou-se o contrário. Os resultados estimados para os anos de 2010 e 2011 indicaram a manutenção dessa tendência, explicada, sobretudo, pelo aumento do emprego e das remunerações no país nos últimos anos. A metodologia proposta para o provimento destes dados visa eliminar a atual defasagem de dois anos existent eentre os resultados da ótica da renda e os resultados anuais das óticas da produção e da despesa, obtidos pelo sistema trimestral.

This paper seeks to examine the evolution of the functional income distribution results in the recent period, as well as to provide information to complement the Brazilian SNA. It shows a gradual loss in the weight of compensation in national income, from 1995 to 2004, later reversed and recovered until the end of the series, in 2009. As for the operating surplus, the result found was the opposite. The estimated results for 2010 and 2011 indicated the continuation of this trend, which was explained mainly by the increase of employment and wages in the country in recent years. The methodology proposed for data provision intends to eliminate the current two-year delay among the results of income approach and the annual results of production and expenditure approaches, obtained by quarterly system.